T 28 (ship, 1942)

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T 28 / Le Lorraine
The sister boat T 35 as USN DD 395
The sister boat T 35 as USN DD 395
Ship data
flag German EmpireGerman Empire (Reichskriegsflagge) German Empire France
FranceFrance 
Ship type destroyer
class Fleet torpedo boat 1939
Shipyard Schichau-Werke , Elbing
Launch June 24, 1942
Commissioning June 19, 1943
Whereabouts Taken over by France in
1959 canceled
Ship dimensions and crew
length
102.5 m ( Lüa )
97.0 m ( Lpp )
width 10.0 m
Draft Max. 3.23 m
displacement 1295 ts standard
1755 ts max.
 
crew 205 men
Machine system
machine 4 Wagner kettles

2 sets of Wagner steam turbines

Machine
performance 		29,000 PS (21,329 kW)
Top
speed 		32.5 kn (60 km / h)
propeller 2
Armament

4 × 1 ship cannon 10.5 cm / L42 model 32
2 × 2 flak 3.7 cm / L80 model 30
1 × 4 flak 2.0 cm / L65 model 38
2 × 1 flak 2.0 cm / L65 model 38
2 × 3 torpedo tubes Ø 53.3 cm (16 torpedoes)
2 depth bomber launchers
up to 50 sea ​​mines

T 28 was a fleet torpedo boat of the Kriegsmarine . It entered service in the summer of 1943 and relocated to western France. On June 6, 1944, the T 28 , together with the torpedo boats Möwe and Jaguar , sank the Norwegian destroyer Svenner in an attack on the Allied invasion units. From August 1944 until the end of the war, the T 28 was involved in the retreat fighting of the German Wehrmacht in the Baltic Sea . The boat survived on 11/12. December 1944 in the Gulf of Finland, undamaged, an attempt by the 6th destroyer flotilla tocarry outa mining operation off Reval, today Tallinn , in which the flotilla got into a German minefield. Z 35 and Z 36 declined with large personnel losses. T 28 escaped undamaged with sister boat T 23 and destroyer Z 43 .

The boat lying in Kiel at the end of the war came to France as war booty in 1947 and was then used by the French Navy as Le Lorraine with its sister boat L'Alsacien (ex  T 23 ) from 1949 . The boat was decommissioned in 1955 and finally abandoned in 1959.

Building history

T 28 was the seventh boat of the Flottentorpedoboot type in 1939. The British called the boats "Elbing destroyer" because of their size.

The keel of the boat was laid on September 24, 1941 in Elbing , the launch on June 24, 1942. The boat was put into service on June 19, 1943 by Corvette Captain Carl-August Richter-Oldekop and began training its crew in the Baltic Sea . The boat was assigned to the 4th torpedo boat flotilla.

Mission history

After completing the training, the T 28 and her sister boat T 29 were to move to western France. On January 21, 1944, both boats were able to successfully avoid British MTBs set up against them during the transfer march through the canal . In the Dover-Enge received T 28 in the attack of two Albacore aircraft of the RAF is a leak in the boiler room.

Use in the sewer

The Norwegian destroyer Svenner

From Le Havre , the 5th torpedo boat flotilla under Corvette Captain Hoffmann with T 28 , Möwe and Jaguar attacked the British ships of the "Force S" belonging to the Eastern Naval Task Force off Sword Beach and sank in the process Norwegian destroyer Svenner . More torpedoes missed the battleships Warspite and Ramillies and the lead ship Largs . Another advance by the three boats on the night of June 7th was unsuccessful, and on the night of the 9th another attack ended in a skirmish with British MTBs and the retreat. The following night, the next attempt at attack failed due to a destroyer patrol with the Ursa , the Norwegian Glaisdale and the Polish Krakowiak . On the night of June 13, only T 28 and Möwe were operational and attacked the destroyers Stord and Scorpion without success .

The destroyer escort Melbreak

T 28 was the only torpedo boat to survive the heavy air attack on the light German naval forces concentrated in Le Havre on 14/15. June 1944, which destroyed the torpedo boats Möwe , Jaguar , Falke and the already badly damaged Kondor in addition to many smaller units .

On the night of July 22, 1944, T 28 moved with three speedboats from Le Havre to Boulogne and fought off an attack by the Hunt destroyer Melbreak on the march . The following night, T 28 marched under the protection of the 8th Schnellboot Flotilla from Boulogne to Hoek van Holland and avoided an attack by the destroyer Forester , the frigate Stayner and MTBs. By July 27, 1944, T 28 managed to march back home despite further MTB attacks.

Operations in the Baltic Sea

On 20./21. August 1944, the first use of the T 28 in the Baltic Sea, as the 2nd combat group under Vice Admiral Thiele with the heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen , the destroyers Z 25 , Z 28 , Z 35 , Z 36 and the T-boats T 23 and T 28 intervened in the land battles against the Soviet points on the Gulf of Riga near Tukkum . With the support of the naval artillery, a land connection to the severed Army Group North was restored. The Prinz Eugen was secured by the 2nd torpedo boat flotilla with the torpedo boats T 1 , T 4 , T 8 , T 9 and T 10 .

On September 14, T 23 , T 28 and the destroyers Z 25 , Z 28 and Z 36 ran again into the Gulf of Finland and reached Reval on September 15. On September 18, the T 23 and T 28 left the port together with the mine ships Brummer and Linz and ran to Baltischport and on September 19 in the Gulf of Finland to throw another mine barrier. On September 20, the torpedo boats returned to Reval, loaded further mines and left for Baltischport in the evening together with the M 18 and M 29 . From there, together with the two mine ships, they laid another mine barrier ("Nilhorn II") in the Gulf of Finland. On September 21, the two torpedo boats called at Reval again, the evacuation of which was already in full swing that day. Until late in the evening, the boats were involved in the defense against Russian air attacks. The following day, after the main port facilities had been blown up, they escorted the last German transporters and naval ferry boats from Reval to Gotenhafen . The two torpedo boats fended off several Russian air attacks.

When the German troops on the Baltic Islands could not stop the Soviet forces and withdrew to the Sworbe peninsula by October 20 ( company Aster ), the situation on land was temporarily stabilized by the intervention of the combat group under Vice Admiral Thiele. On October 22, the two torpedo boats T 23 and T 28 were also deployed at Sworbe as artillery support from the sea. On November 19, T 23 and T 28 intervened again from sea in the fighting for Sworbe; on the same day they even went to the east side of Sworbes, despite strong Soviet air raids.

After carrying out various escort tasks, T 28 took part in the attempt of the 6th destroyer flotilla under Captain zur See Kothe on 11/12. December 1944 with Z 35 , Z 36 , Z 43 and T 23 to carry out a mine laying operation "Nil" in front of Reval. Because of the very bad weather, it was not possible to determine the exact location on the march, which was important for this, but Kothe did not break off the venture. When Endanlauf to mine throw came Z 35 and Z 36 to German mines (probably the "Nilhorn" operations from mid-September), and northeast of Tallinn decreased to 59 ° 34 '  N , 24 ° 49'  O . Only 87 crew members survived, more than 540 died. 67 survivors were driven on life rafts in Finland and then extradited as prisoners of war to the Soviet Union under the armistice agreements . Soviet speedboats also recovered some survivors from Z 35 . The two fleet torpedo boats and the Z 43 broke off the mission without throwing their mines after the loss of the other two destroyers.

Operations in 1945

In order to support the counterattack of the remnants of the German 3rd Panzer Army from the Fischhausen area , which wanted to build a continuous front line in West Samland , the destroyer Z 25 and the torpedo boats T 28 and T 33 attacked several times from February 2 to 5, 1945 into the land battles. On February 8, T 28 supported the German 4th Army near Frauenburg with the heavy cruiser Lützow and the torpedo boats T 8 and T 33 and on February 9 and 10 with the heavy cruiser Admiral Scheer and Z 34 , T 23 and T 36 against Soviet attack peaks. Further missions of T 28 took place from February 18 to 19 off the south coast of Samland. On February 20, the T-boats went into the Königsberger Seekanal and continued the bombardment from there. On February 23, 1945, Z 43 , Z 38 and T 28 intervened again in the land battles, which again established a connection to Königsberg .

Last missions

The after the surrender of the armed forces in North West Germany and Denmark outside the German and Danish territorial waters freighter located Linz , Ceuta and Pompei , the auxiliary cruiser Hansa , the destroyer Hans Lody , Friedrich him , Theodor Riedel and Z 25 and the T boat T 17 , T 19 , T 23 , T 28 and T 35 ran to Hela on May 5, 1945 and embarked soldiers and refugees there together with smaller boats. After defending against Soviet speedboat attacks off Kolberg , the ships arrived off Copenhagen on May 6 , where the fast warships were unloaded in the roadstead in order to be able to sail again. The Karl Galster , Friedrich Ihn , Hans Lody , Theodor Riedel , Z 25 , T 17 , T 19 , T 23 and T 28 ran again on together with the destroyers Z 38 and Z 39 and the torpedo boat T 33 from Swinoujscie May 7th Hela and took more soldiers and refugees on board until the morning of May 8th, before the ceasefire. May 1945 were disembarked in Schleswig-Holstein .

Commanders

June 19, 1943 to April 1944 Corvette Captain Carl-August Richter-Oldekop
April 1944 to May 8, 1945 Lieutenant Captain Hans Walter Temming

Post-war use

After some repair work while still in Germany, the T 28 was relocated to England in January 1946 and then to Cherbourg in February 1946. On February 4, 1946 the boat was taken over by the French Navy as Torpilleur Le Lorrain with its sister boat T 23 (as L´Alsacien ). Unlike the four Kriegsmarine destroyers that were taken over at the same time , the two naval torpedo boats were initially kept in the reserve. In 1948 the boats were slightly modernized by removing the German light anti-aircraft guns and installing 40 mm Bofors guns .

In 1949 the two boats came into active service in the Mediterranean with the French aircraft carrier group. In 1950, the Le Lorrain's identifier changed from T08 to D605 and it was now used by the test group for anti-submarine weapons . For example, new torpedo tubes and sonar devices for fast escort boats under construction were recently tested on board.

The boat was decommissioned on October 31, 1955 in Cherbourg, then used as the Hulk for a while and then scrapped in 1959.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Rohwer: Sea War , January 16-21, 1944 Canal
  2. ^ Rohwer: Sea War , 6–13 June 1944 Canal / North Sea
  3. ↑ Rohwer: naval warfare , 14.- 16.06.1944 air war France
  4. ↑ Rohwer: naval warfare , 3.- 7.31.1944 channel
  5. ^ Rohwer: Sea War , August 20-21, 1944 Baltic Sea
  6. ↑ Rohwer: naval warfare , 17.- 28.09.1944 Estonia / Baltic Sea
  7. ^ Rohwer: Sea War , October 2–24, 1944 Baltic Sea
  8. ↑ Rohwer: naval warfare , 18.- 30.11.1944 Baltic Sea / Baltic islands
  9. ^ Rohwer: Sea War , 11/12 December 1944 Baltic Sea
  10. ↑ Rohwer: naval warfare , 15.1.- 24.2.1945 Baltic Sea
  11. ↑ Temming is said to have been awarded the Knight's Cross in May 1945 .
  12. ↑ Jourdan, Moulin: French Destroyers: Torpilleurs d'Escadre and Contre-Torpilleurs, 1922-1956 , p. 284

literature

  • Erich Gröner , Dieter Jung [arr.]: The ships of the German Navy and Air Force 1939–1945 and their whereabouts. Bernard & Graefe, Bonn 2000 (9th, revised and expanded edition), ISBN 978-3763762156 .
  • Hans H. Hildebrand / Albert Röhr / Hans-Otto Steinmetz: The German warships: Biographies - a mirror of naval history from 1815 to the present , Koehlers Verlagsgesellschaft, Herford,
  • Wolfgang Harnack: Destroyers under the German flag: 1934 to 1945. Koehler, Hamburg 1997 (3rd, revised edition), ISBN 3-7822-0698-3 .
  • John Jourdan, Jean Moulin: French Destroyers: Torpilleurs d'Escadre and Contre-Torpilleurs, 1922–1956 , Seaforth Publishing (2015)
  • Volkmar Kühn: Torpedo boats and destroyers in action 1939–1945. The fight and destruction of a weapon. Flechsig, Würzburg 2006 (6th, ext. A. special edition), ISBN 978-3881896375 .
  • Anthony Preston: Superdestroyers- the German Narvik type 1936 , Warship special 2, Conway maritime press, Greenwich (1978), ISBN 0-85177-131-9
  • Jürgen Rohwer , Gerhard Hümmelchen : Chronicle of the Naval War 1939-1945 , Manfred Pawlak VerlagsGmbH (Herrsching 1968), ISBN 3-88199-0097
  • Mike J. Whitley: Destroyers in World War II: Technique - Class - Types. Motorbuchverlag, Stuttgart 1991, ISBN 978-3613014268 .

Web links

Commons : Flottentorpedoboot 1939  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files