Taubenberg

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Taubenberg
The Taubenberg von Gotzing, view from the southeast

The Taubenberg von Gotzing, view from the southeast

height 896  m above sea level NN
location Bavaria
Mountains Bavarian Alpine Foreland
Coordinates 47 ° 49 '47 "  N , 11 ° 45' 50"  E Coordinates: 47 ° 49 '47 "  N , 11 ° 45' 50"  E
Taubenberg (Bavaria)
Taubenberg
rock conglomerate
Age of the rock Tertiary

The Taubenberg is a mountain with a height of 896 m and an area of ​​1847 ha in the area of ​​the municipality of Warngau in the district of Miesbach . It is located in front of the Tegernsee Mountains of the Bavarian Prealps and is a popular hiking destination and the most important water supply area of the Bavarian capital, Munich . Around two thirds of the mountain is owned by the city of Munich, the rest is free float of local farmers and foresters.

geography

Geologically, the Taubenberg with its characteristic east-west orientation belongs to the Molasse foothills and it marks (like e.g. the Hohe Peißenberg ) the northern edge of the folded molasse in the Bavarian foothills of the Alps and thus the geological edge of the Alps. The Taubenberg is the result of debris flows from the upper freshwater molasse , which came from the south around 10-15 million years ago - when the Alps were formed. These coarse cones of rubble now form characteristic mountains in front of the exits of the former tertiary Alpine rivers ( Tischberg , Hoher Peißenberg, Irschenberg, etc.). The ice of later glaciers made them harder to remove them from their softer surroundings from fine sands and, like icebreakers, divided the ice flow into individual glacier tongues (praise).

The distribution of boulders and the soil horizons in the summit area of ​​Taubenberg suggest that it was not pushed over by glaciers in the last, the Würm glacial period , but protruded from the ice as a nunatak .

The Taubenberg has a peculiar geomorphology . The highest point is in the west of the ridge. From there, the small Farnbach flows in a valley in the center of the terrain to the east and to the Mangfall , into which it flows. The valley of the Farnbach divides the Taubenberg into a northern and a southern ridge, which are connected to each other in the west. The northern ridge is higher, in its east lies the second highest point of the mountain. The southern ridge slopes almost evenly from west to east. In front of it is the Steinbachtal , a wide slope foot hollow with the character of a fen.

Ecosystems

The Taubenberg is designated as an FFH area . It lies in the montane altitude , its lead company is the beech-fir forest. The pedunculate oak is found in dry locations and occasionally on the slopes of the Mangfall as well as on particularly acidic soils the Scots pine . A special feature of the Taubenberg is the high proportion of fir trees of over 10%; it is increasing through targeted funding. Special locations are the gorge forests mainly in the upper Farnbachtal, the Fadenseggen mountain pine moor in the Steinbachtal in the south of the area and the tufa springs at the outlets of particularly calcareous groundwater. In the Mangfall Valley to the east there is a natural gray alder alluvial forest. The preservation of these relic and special sites, which were caused by the Ice Age and are of particular importance for nature conservation, is due to the small-scale relief of the mountain.

The Taubenberg is particularly valuable as a habitat for protected bird species: black stork , capercaillie , pygmy owl , black woodpecker , eagle owl and hazel grouse can be found in the forests and on the slopes of the mountain. That is why the Taubenberg is also designated as a European bird sanctuary -SPA- according to the bird protection directive . In Steinbachtal on the southern edge of the area and in the Taubenberg the north and south surrounding Haglandschaft lives Neuntöter . In addition, the following have been identified in specially protected species according to the Habitats Directive : the yellow-bellied toad , the scabiosa pied butterfly and the light blue-bellied butterfly .

use

Lookout tower on the Taubenberg

After the decision of the city of Munich to get its drinking water from the Mangfall, the city bought land in the vicinity of the drinking water extraction. Between 1893 and 1902 the version near Mühlthal was expanded and the hillside springs below Gotzing were opened up. Therefore, at the turn of the 20th century, the purchase of land also extended to Taubenberg. In the course of time it was possible to acquire around two thirds of the mountain. At that time it was largely a question of meadows used as pastureland. Around 1900 the city decided to reforest these areas because the dangers of fertilizing with manure for the groundwater are eliminated on forest areas, forest is a better protection for the soil quality and improves the filtering of the seeping water. Part of the acquired individual agricultural farms on and on the Taubenberg was demolished without replacement. Originally, as was customary at the time, the municipal forest administration mainly used spruce trees. The Westinhof near Gotzing acquired with the land became the seat of the Munich forest administration.

Today, to protect the drinking water wells below the mountain, the city naturally manages its forest holdings on the Taubenberg and converts the forest as a mixed forest with tree species appropriate to the location. After the Second World War, the idea of permanent forests was adopted. For this purpose, the pure spruce stands in the age-class forest have been converted into a mixed forest, which comes close to the potentially natural vegetation, by removing individual trees. In addition to the spruce as the main tree species, it has high proportions of beech, fir and deciduous trees.

The mixture of deciduous and coniferous trees ensures a humus-rich soil structure, the deep-rooted beech and maple species and, in damp locations, the ash pull basic ions from the limestone soil and thus counteract acidification of the topsoil. Mixed age and a high proportion of deciduous trees that are bare in winter increase groundwater production because significantly more rainfall reaches the ground than in an age-class forest with closed tree tops .

In 2001, the urban forest on Taubenberg was one of the first areas in Germany to be certified by the Forest Stewardship Council . The municipal forest enterprise is also a member of Naturland . In the Mangfall Valley and its surroundings, including the privately owned shares of Taubenberg, the City of Munich has been promoting the conversion of farms to organic farming since 1992 through conversion aid and then permanent support.

Due to the special nature conservation importance of the area, the use is coordinated with the specialist authorities. Maintaining the special locations has a high priority. Stadtwerke München last applied for the extension of the existing water protection area on Taubenberg to the Miesbach district office in 2013.

In addition to drinking water production and thus forestry and nature conservation, the Taubenberg is of particular importance for local recreation . The meditation path runs along the Farnbachtal, which forms part of the Jakobsweg network and is signposted from Bad Aibling via Irschenberg and Weyarn to Holzkirchen . The fact that at the highest point of the mountain of 896  m above sea level  contributes to the tourist importance NN despite the dense forest the Taubenberg observation tower allows a view in all directions. The Bavarian Prealps and the Mangfall and Schlierach valleys can be seen in any weather, and the view usually extends to Munich. The Nüchternbrunn pilgrimage chapel and the Taubenberg inn are located on the Taubenberg. On the southern ridge and the southern flank there are several individual farms and scattered settlements.

literature

  • Helge Walentowski, Michael Fischer, et al .: Molasse foothills excursion: "FFH area 8136-302 Taubenberg", Mangfall terraces and spring protection forests of the Munich waterworks, AFSV annual conference 2006 from September 20 to 23. ( PDF 3.7 MB)
  • Rolf K. Meyer, Hermann Schmidt-Kaler: On the trail of the Ice Age south of Munich - eastern part , walks in the history of the earth, Volume 8, ISBN 978-3-931516-09-3 .
  • Geological map of Bavaria with explanations (1: 500,000). Bavarian Geological State Office, 1998.
  • History working group: Water and nature between Mangfall and Leitzach , Chronicle Volume V, self-published by the Weyarn municipality, 2007, ISBN 978-3-937425-03-0 .

Web links

Commons : Taubenberg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Walentowski, Fischer 2006, p. 24.
  2. ↑ a b Walentowski, Fischer 2006, page 10 ff.
  3. ^ Bavarian State Office for the Environment: FFH area 8136-308 Taubenberg
  4. ↑ Walentowski, Fischer 2006 page 13 f.
  5. ↑ a b Bavarian State Office for the Environment: NATURA 2000 Bavaria Area-specific specification of the conservation goals 8136-302 Taubenberg (PDF; 51 kB), as of April 2008
  6. ↑ Bavarian State Office for the Environment: Regional data NATURA-2000, 8136-302 Taubenberg
  7. ↑ Stadtwerke München: M-Wasserweg, Station 17: Haglandschaft ( Memento of the original from July 5, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 42 kB) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.swm.de
  8. ↑ Bavarian State Office for the Environment: Regional data NATURA-2000, 8136-302 Taubenberg
  9. ^ Christian Ude: Sources for Munich . Carl Hanser, 2008, ISBN 978-3-446-41457-0 , page 147 f.
  10. ↑ State capital Munich - municipal forest administration: Map of the forest areas on Taubenberg in municipal ownership
  11. ↑ History Working Group: Water and Nature between Mangfall and Leitzach , Chronicle Volume V, self-published by the Weyarn community, 2007, ISBN 978-3-937425-03-0 , pages 332–335.
  12. ^ Fritz Wimmer: The water protection forests . In: Volker Hütsch (Hrsg.): Hundert Jahre Münchner Wasserversorgung , Stadtwerke München, 1983, pages 75-77.
  13. ↑ Stadtwerke München: M-Wasserweg, Station 15: Taubenberg ( Memento of the original from May 19, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 43 kB) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.swm.de
  14. ^ Christian Ude: Sources for Munich . Carl Hanser, 2008, ISBN 978-3-446-41457-0 , page 102
  15. ^ Christian Ude: Sources for Munich . Carl Hanser, 2008, ISBN 978-3-446-41457-0 , pages 102-104
  16. ^ Christian Ude: Sources for Munich . Carl Hanser, 2008, ISBN 978-3-446-41457-0 , page 104
  17. ^ Christian Ude: Sources for Munich . Carl Hanser, 2008, ISBN 978-3-446-41457-0 , page 110 f.
  18. ↑ Stadtwerke München: Reisach-Gotzing-Thalham drinking water protection area (PDF; 1.1 MB) - 2012 edition
  19. ↑ Weyarn community: Meditationsweg ( Memento of the original from January 15, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.weyarn-tourismus.de