Teichelberg

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Teichelberg
View to the Teichelberg

View to the Teichelberg

height 685  m above sea level NN
location Bavaria , Germany
Mountains Stone forest
Coordinates 49 ° 57 '27 "  N , 12 ° 9' 50"  E Coordinates: 49 ° 57 '27 "  N , 12 ° 9' 50"  E
Teichelberg (Bavaria)
Teichelberg
rock basalt

The Große Teichelberg (also called Großteichlberg or just Teich (e) lberg) is 685  m above sea level. NN high basalt mountain in the Steinwald , a low mountain range in the administrative region of Upper Palatinate , Bavaria ( Germany ).

The landowner is the Bavarian state (state forest), the forestry company Waldsassen is responsible .

Geographical location

The Große Teichelberg is located in the Bavarian district of Tirschenreuth in the district of Pechbrunn . The Weiden – Oberkotzau railway line runs at its northern foot , and the Franconian Mountain Trail leads to Fuchsmühl at the southern foot of Großbüchlberg .

geology

A large basalt eruption area lies between Marktredwitz , Mitterteich , Konnersreuth and Seußen . It is the westernmost branch of the North Bohemian basalt volcanism. In the Miocene there, liquid basalt mass rose through the granite.

At the Großer Teichelberg about 21.4 million years ago, hot lavas emerged in several phases , cooled and solidified. The “deposit consists of a multilayer basalt cover pouring with a 30 to 40 m thick main cover, which was fed by several crevices and chimneys in the center of the dome-shaped elevation. In the footwall of the main blanket are further basalt layers by tuffs and Tuffite are separated. The deeply weathered Falkenberg granite forms the basis of the volcanic rocks that are widespread in the deposit area.

“The main basalt ceiling on the Großer Teichelberg consists of a so-called olivine nephelinite . It is a quartz-free, basaltic rock with an exceptionally high proportion of feldspar representatives (approx. 20% nepheline). This distinguishes the volcanic rock from most of the basalts in the region, which have a higher SiO 2 content and are therefore more acidic. "

Extraordinary are u. a. the high homogeneity and strength, especially of the main bearing, which qualify the rock as a high-quality raw material. On the north side of the mountain, the basalt was quarried in a quarry that has existed since 1888, the largest basalt quarry in southern Germany: Along an approx. 600 m long quarry wall, 4 floors of rock were extracted mainly for road and railroad construction. Extraction operations were discontinued on December 31, 2018.

Exploration and development through the mining resulted in an extraordinary geotope , which offers a three-dimensional insight into the dynamics of the upper floor of a former cinder cone volcano and in which the quarry wall (over 800 m in length in 2018) with its basalt columns due to the premature cessation of raw material extraction (Heights up to approx. 30 m, diameter up to 4 m) was preserved.

Nature reserve, European reserve and natural forest reserve

In 1996, at Gr. Teichelberg put an area of ​​approx. 115 hectares under nature protection, which is part of the designated European fauna and flora habitat "Basalt Kuppen in der Nördlichen Oberpfalz (official number: 6039-301)". Large parts of it also belong to the "Gitschger" natural forest reserve

Particularly striking and worthy of protection are the conspicuous rubble areas and the mixed deciduous forest complex, consisting of beech, linden and bird cherry. These forest stands are among the oldest tree stands in the natural area and can reach an age of up to 230 years in core areas. In the herbaceous layer to grow among other primroses , lilies of the valley , lungwort , sweet woodruff and -seal . This nature reserve is the habitat for rare and endangered bird species such as stock pigeon , gray and small woodpecker , woodcock , rough-owl , black stork and eagle owl . The old hardwood populations are inhabited by bats , and there are over 226 different species of moths . In the area come lynx and wild cats before. For wild cats, the Teichelberg is one of three places in Bavaria where this species reproduces.

Economic use

On the north side of the mountain, the 45 m thick basalt cover was mined in a quarry from 1888 to the end of 2018. Gravel, chippings and fine chippings were produced from the rock in crushing plants.

Say

According to the legend, the Hankerln lived on the Teichelberg in old times. They were good-natured, helpful dwarfs with long beards and wrinkled faces and guarded their underground gold treasures near the Hankelbrunnen until ungrateful people drove them away.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
  2. ↑ Bavaria Atlas of the Bavarian State Government ( notes )
  3. ↑ a b Raw material olivine nephelinite. In: Basaltwerk Pechbrunn GmbH. Basaltwerk Pechbrunn GmbH, accessed on October 30, 2019 .
  4. ↑ Dimroth, E., Söllner, K. & Stettner, G .: Explanations for the Geological Map of Bavaria 1: 25000 sheet No. 6038 Waldershof . Ed .: Bavarian Geological State Office. Munich 1965, p. 105 .
  5. ^ Ordinance on the "Großer Teichelberg" nature reserve. In: http://www.regierung.oberpfalz.bayern.de . Government of the Upper Palatinate, January 8, 1996, accessed October 30, 2019 .
  6. ↑ Map of the Großer Teichelberg nature reserve. In: http://www.regierung.oberpfalz.bayern.de . Government of the Upper Palatinate, accessed October 30, 2019 .
  7. ↑ FFH areas in the Tirschenreuth district. In: https://www.kreis-tir.de . Tirschenreuth district, accessed on October 30, 2019 .
  8. ↑ Fauna / flora / habitat areas in Bavaria. In: https://www.stmuv.bayern.de . Bavarian State Ministry for the Environment and Consumer Protection, accessed on October 30, 2019 .
  9. ↑ Gitschger natural forest reserve. In: https://www.baysf.de . Bayerische Staatsforsten, accessed on October 30, 2019 .
  10. ↑ a b Bund Naturschutz ( Memento of the original from June 19, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Basalt mining on the Teichelberg @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bund-naturschutz.de
  11. ↑ a b Landesbund für Vogelschutz Magazin 1/2011 ( Memento from November 28, 2011 in the Internet Archive )

literature

  • Julius Neidhardt: hiking guide through the Fichtel Mountains , VI. Edition, p. 278
  • Unknown: Die Sage vom Teichelberg , Der Siebenstern 1927, p. 161
  • Erich von Glaß: On the older history of the Teichelberg ; Home counter No. 16/1963
  • Dietmar Herrmann, Helmut Süssmann: Fichtel Mountains, Bavarian Vogtland, Steinwald, Bayreuther Land. Lexicon . Ackermannverlag, Hof (Saale) 2000, ISBN 3-929364-18-2 .

Web links

cards

  • Bavarian State Surveying Office: Fichtelgebirge Nature Park - eastern part, Steinwald Nature Park UK 50-13, ISBN 3-86038-450-3