Temple Neuf (Metz)

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Temple Neuf: Front on the Place de la Comédie

The Temple Neuf (German: Evangelische Stadtkirche Metz) is an Evangelical Reformed church in Metz . The parish belongs to the Evangelical Reformed Church of Alsace and Lorraine ( Église protestante réformée d'Alsace et de Lorraine ). The Protestant town church is located at the southwest tip of the "Île du Petit-Saulcy", the "Little Willow Island", which is surrounded by the Moselle .

Building history

Temple Neuf (back) on the Moselle island
Former Trinitarian church, corner of Bibliothekstraße / Trinitarierstraße (Rue du Haut Poirier / Rue des Trinitaires)
Temple Neuf from the banks of the Moselle
Former Trinitarian church, interior with a view of the apse, currently used as an art gallery
Protestant town church Metz, interior view, view to the apse

Due to the influx of Protestant Reich Germans to Metz after the annexation of the city in the Franco-Prussian War , the number of city citizens of Protestant faith rose sharply. When in 1886 the community comprised around 8,000 people, the Metz church council began negotiations with the city council with the aim of building a new Protestant church. Until now, the diaspora congregation in traditionally Catholic Metz had celebrated the Protestant service in the former church of the Trinitarians on the corner of Bibliothekstrasse / Trinitarierstrasse (Rue du Haut Poirier / Rue des Trinitaires), which was built in 1720. The former Ordensoratorium with only 350 seats was handed over to the small Reformed community of Metz in 1803 according to the Concordat of 1801 and the Organic Articles of 1802. The plans to expand the building along Trinitarierstrasse or to rededicate the Metzer Clemenskirche were considered but ultimately abandoned. In 1891, the Metz town planning director Konrad Wahn presented a first draft for a new building. A domed building without a tower had been specified by the predominantly Catholic Metz city council so that the new church, which was still being built on the site of the Trinitarian church, would not tower over the Metz cathedral towers; after all, the Trinitarian Church is located on the highest and most traditional elevation in the city center. The entire complex is located on the grounds of the palace complex of the Merovingians and Carolingians . The neo-early Gothic design drawn by Wahn shows some parallels with the Kreuzberg Holy Cross Church , which was built between 1885 and 1888 according to plans by the master builder Johannes Otzen under the supervision of Robert Kleinau . Otzen had already drawn up an expert opinion for the Protestant church building project in Metz in 1892 and consequently recommended Conrad Wahn's plan for implementation. In the period that followed, however, there were various conflicts about the future property, financial planning and denominational differences of opinion between the mainly Catholic Metz city council and the Protestant consistory, which significantly delayed the start of construction. In addition, the planned new building was viewed by the Catholic members of the regional committee in Strasbourg as a luxury project, as the Protestant citizens of Metz could have used the large Metz garrison church with its 2,400 seats. The approval of state financial grants was delayed again. There were also conflicts between the original Reformed Metz Protestants and the newly arrived Lutheran Protestants.

The Protestant building project only took on concrete form with the order of Kaiser Wilhelm II to tear down the old Metz fortress walls. A new church was planned on the site of the future new town in the area of ​​the Prinz-Friedrich-Karl-Tors (today Porte Serpenoise) or on Theobaldsplatz (today Place Saint Thiébault). However, the Protestant parish firmly rejected this, as they were still interested in a centrally located church and did not want to be pushed to the periphery of the old town. In addition, the construction of the Metz Neustadt was only in the planning phase and the Protestant church was not to be delayed any further.

A building site in the so-called “Jardin d'amour” on the small Moselle island came into play. This building site was also recommended by the renowned town planner Josef Stübben , who had been commissioned with the plans for the Metz town expansion. About five hundred citizens organized themselves against the felling of the old trees on the tip of the small Moselle island in favor of the new church and sent a petition to Emperor Wilhelm II. The state government of the realm of Alsace-Lorraine did not forward the petition and sent it directly again back to Metz. After Kaiser Wilhelm II had also considered the building site suitable, on February 10, 1899, the city council of Metz finally approved the construction of the church on the south-west tip of the small Moselle island.

Influence of Kaiser Wilhelm II.

In 1897 the government of the realm of Alsace-Lorraine approved a state grant of 100,000 marks while the new Protestant church in Metz was still in the planning phase. In connection with the redesign of the city of Metz, the emperor also began to take an interest in the project, although sacred buildings were usually the responsibility of the local community. In the period that followed, District President Hans von Hammerstein-Loxten personally examined and signed all the design drawings . Kaiser Wilhelm II finally rejected the Conrad Wahns project, which was supported by Otzen, based on the model of the Kreuzberg Holy Cross Church and ordered a neo-Romanesque church to be built.

Evangelical city church Metz, undated and unsigned draft Conrad Wahns for the project on the small Moselle island, plan collections in the Archives départementales de la Moselle (Metz), 9 Fi 598.
Saardom, choir part with crossing tower based on the Metz model

Then Conrad Wahn made a new design for the Protestant town church. However, he had to revise this at the behest of the emperor. The crossing dome was replaced by a more dominant crossing tower. The previously planned Wahns crossing dome was later implemented by the architect Peter Marx when designing the Saardome in Dillingen / Saar; both domes show clear parallels. Also on the instructions of the emperor, Conrad Wahn had to add choir-flank towers to the Metz church building project. In the new draft sent by Conrad Wahn to Wilhelm II on May 26, 1899, the emperor personally changed the pyramid helmets of the facade towers to Rhenish rhombus helmets with red pencil strokes. Wilhelm II attached great importance to the achievement of a picturesque silhouette in keeping with the formal canon of the Rhenish Romanesque. In the accompanying letter of May 26, 1899, the Lorraine district president, Hans von Hammerstein-Loxten, presented the Wahns to the emperor with the remark that “such a church, whose role models can be found in the Rhineland (...) work particularly well in Metz (would) ”, especially recommended and sent to the imperial civil cabinet in Berlin . However, Hammerstein recommended that the massive crossing tower be slimmed down a bit. After changing the tower helmets, Wilhelm commented on the plan with the marginal note “very good” and then decided to carry it out without going into Hammerstein's suggestion for changing the crossing tower. Wahn incorporated Wilhelm II's requests for changes into his plans and submitted the plans for implementation on February 28, 1900.

Thereupon the laying of the foundation stone was celebrated on November 25th, 1901 and on May 14th, 1904 the celebrations took place in the presence of Kaiser Wilhelm II. And his wife Auguste Viktoria , who with her patronage of the Evangelical Church Building Association also shared her husband's interest in the construction of new Protestant sacred buildings , with great pomp the inauguration of the new Protestant town church in Metz. The Protestant theologian Otto Michaelis , who acted as assistant preacher from 1903 and as pastor in Metz from 1906, cheered the event in pithy tones by celebrating Protestantism, Germanness and the Hohenzollern dynasty:

“But what made the celebration of the inauguration on May 14, 1904 particularly glamorous, was the presence of the German imperial couple. Wonderful change in history! It was on May 14th on which the French king (meaning the French king Henry IV. ), Under whose mild scepter the old Metz Huguenot church flourished (referring to the Edict of Nantes ), fell victim to an assassin ( what is meant is the assassination attempt by François Ravaillac on May 14, 1610 on the king for reasons of faith). And on May 14th, Wilhelm II made his entry into the old, again German Moselle festivities to celebrate this happy day with the Metz community. Where is the family of that French king, whose grandson (meaning the French King Louis XIV ) had raged in unfortunate delusion like a Nero against the Christian communities, against the Protestant sons of his people? It sank in glorious grave. But the Hohenzollernaar rose higher and higher . The blessing, which the high spirits of that noble Zollern prince (meaning the Brandenburg Elector Friedrich Wilhelm ) brought to his people, was passed on from sex to sex . What a moment when his descendant stood in front of the doors of the Metz church with a raised voice renewing the confession of his fathers: 'I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ, because it is a power of God to save all who believe in it!' (1.16 EU ). The interior of the house of God, however, soon roared through the old song of battle and triumph of Protestantism: A strong castle is our God . "

The imperial family also exerted a similar influence on the style and design of the church architecture during the construction of the Protestant church in the neighboring parish in the Metz suburb of Plantières-Queuleu. Already in the call for donations by the local building committee, a close connection between the Protestant denomination and German national goals was pointed out. The building of a new Protestant church “in the midst of a thoroughly French-speaking Catholic population” is necessary in order to “promote and revive love for the emperor and empire with religious interest.” With the new Protestant church, old French injustices would be redeemed by setting a new Protestant church, a new milestone in freedom of belief, a new crystallization point (sic!) of Germanness (sic!) "on the historical soil of Lorraine, which saw the dragons of Louis XIV and the extermination of the numerous Huguenot communities could. The appeal for donations was also sent to Kaiser Wilhelm, who immediately donated a gift of grace of 5000 marks for the project. In Plantières-Queuleu as well as in the Protestant town church in Metz, the emperor intervened heavily in the building plans. As with the town church, in Plantières-Queuleu they did not use the local Jaumont sandstone, but Vosges sandstone and the neo-Romanesque style was also used here. The Protestant church of Plantières-Queuleu was inaugurated on December 11, 1904, just a few months after the Protestant town church of Metz was consecrated. During the construction of the likewise neo-Romanesque St. Joseph's Church in the neighboring Montigny, there was such a fierce dispute between the local French-born parishioners and the newly immigrated Reich Germans that the long-established parish council members refused to vote on the church building project. The inauguration of the Josefskirche, which was built by the architect Ludwig Becker in the local Jaumont sandstone, took place on July 31, 1906. In contrast to the Protestant projects, the Catholic church project was not financially supported by the imperial family and no official influence was exercised.

architecture

Since the Protestant town church in Metz was supposed to document the character of a Protestant sermon church , the floor plan shows a relatively short, two-bay nave, which is flanked by narrow, aisle-like aisles. The single-nave transept also has only short arms. The choir area closes with a semicircular apse, which is connected to the side extensions. The exterior has five towers which, together with numerous additions, create a picturesque effect in the old town of Metz. The front of the nave is framed by two towers on a square floor plan, which are crowned by Rhenish rhombus helmets. The octagonal main tower of the church rises above the crossing with an eight-sided steep pyramid roof. The two facade towers correspond to two smaller octagonal flank towers in the choir section in the corners between the choir and transept. The choir area, the facade and the crossing tower are emphasized by dwarf galleries. The wall surfaces are framed by round arch friezes over corner pilasters. The wall surface opens up through simple arched windows, coupled arched windows and, on the main facade and the transept facades, in large wheeled windows. The main access to the Protestant town church is through a three-arched entrance hall. The middle portal of the hall is accentuated with a rising gable. Overall, the architectural forms are reminiscent of the Hohenstaufen era. The choir area and the towers particularly quote the Koblenz collegiate church of St. Kastor . As models for the crossing tower, the crossing tower of the Bonn Minster , the Sinziger Peterskirche , the Mainz Cathedral (east structure in its restored form from the 19th century) or the transept tower of the monastery church of Cluny can be named. In Metz, however, the gable wreaths based on the Bonn and Sinzig models were left out when designing the city church, and they were based on the more reduced form of Mainz and Cluny. Parallels to the then contemporary church building were the Charlottenburg Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church, the Berlin Gnadenkirche , which was partially destroyed in World War II and blown up in 1967, and the Evangelical City Church of Saargemünd , which Konrad Wahn had built between 1897 and 1898. When building the Protestant town church in Metz, the yellowish Jaumont sandstone typical of the area was not used, but a darker Vosges sandstone from Alsace, which sparked discussions among the Metz city council, as the delivery of the building material resulted in considerable additional costs. Master builder Wahn argued in his choice of building material with a higher breaking strength and a lower degree of visual pollution. In addition, the darker stone gives the sacred building a "serious, strict character" and offers the viewer a greater variety in the cityscape. What is unmistakable, however, is the greater proximity to the quoted Romanesque architectural examples with regard to the stone material. Accordingly, the Lorraine Jaumont was also not used in the construction of the Metz city train station and the main post office, as well as in numerous historical private buildings in the new town of Metz. The darker building material was supposed to set an increasing German accent in the Metz cityscape, which was perceived as too French.

The Protestant town church in Metz is the prelude to a whole series of neo-Romanesque public buildings in Metz and the surrounding area, such as the main station, the main post office, the Protestant church in Plantières-Queuleu and the Catholic St. Joseph's Church in Montigny. The city should thus become a “center of management in Lorraine”. The neo-Romanesque style was intended to set a demonstrative Rhenish-Germanic counter-accent in the previously francophone city. The state-sponsored construction of the mighty neo-Gothic Metz garrison church and the construction of the neo-Romanesque Protestant town church can be interpreted as signs or aftermath of the anti-Catholic cultural war in the architectural guise of the Catholic city. In his explanatory draft, Baumeister Wahn refers to the deliberate stylistic opposition between the Protestant town church and the neo-classical French ensemble on the Place de la Comédie. The choice of style and material was understood in his time by long-established locals as well as by imperial Germans who had moved here as a deliberate provocation, as a demonstrative German national accent.

The tall spiers of the two Protestant churches in Metz can also be interpreted as a powerful demonstration of Protestantism against the less steep towers of the traditional Catholic churches in Metz of that time. The heated opinions expressed by contemporaries during the time of construction prove that this was already perceived in this way during the time of construction. The French writer Georges Ducrocq (1874–1927) described the Protestant sacred building of the Metz town church in 1913 in his travelogue from Alsace-Lorraine as a “terrifying Protestant temple in an archaic, awkward Rhine bank style, an ugly, clumsy and clumsy monument”.

The politician Hermann Wendel, who was born in Metz, expressed himself even more vehemently in his youth memoirs published in 1934 about the building of the town church: “A secluded idyll, a shady chestnut grove was the Jardin d'Amour on the western tip of this island until the beginning of our century the ax came over most of the old trees and the stone construction kit of a Protestant church with octagonal main and stair towers, with helmet and diamond roofs, with round windows and galleries and other things thoroughly spoiled the cityscape. If money is ever raised to buy dynamite so that this architectural nuisance (sic!) Blows up, my mite and my blessing are certain to the company. "

RS Bour, professor at the Metzer seminary, expressed himself in “Lorraine and its capital” rather cautiously derogatory to the Protestant church building and indirectly criticized the influence of the emperor: “The building looks a bit peculiar in our cityscape. The compact length dimensions and the central tower, which was added to the original plan of the builder at a later date, should not be approved by everyone. ”Nevertheless, the Protestant Metz city church was already included in the French register of the“ Monuments historique ”in 1930.

The building is 53 m long, 26 m wide, the height of the main tower is 55 m. Originally the church offered space for 1,204 people. As a result of the separation of the transepts under the galleries by wooden walls, there is currently only room for 800 people.

Bauzier

Exterior

In the spirit of Protestant theology, the architectural decorations are kept within limits compared to Catholic churches. The three-part main portal of the Protestant town church in Metz is richly decorated. Here, as in other places, rose-colored pillars stand out from the otherwise built-in gray sandstone. The archivolts are richly adorned with intertwined ribbons, lush flowers, intertwined acanthus tendrils and intricate wickerwork. At the foot of the outer central arch, the heads of the allegories of the Evangelists Mark (lion, left) and Luke (bull, right) peek out of the chiseled scree. These correspond to the heads of Matthew (angel or human, left) and Johannes (eagle, right) in the inner arch . The whiskers of St. Mark's Lion, twisted upwards, could be a hidden reference to Kaiser Wilhelm II as a promoter of church building. The emperor in the form of the prophet Daniel with a mighty mustache was also depicted on the main portal of the Metz Cathedral .

The tympanum , which is entwined with acanthus and vines, shows the triumphant apocalyptic Lamb of God with a cross in its barrels in the center in a stylized wreath of pearls . The constellation of the Lamb with the vine branches refers to the word of Jesus in the Gospel of John ( Joh 15,5  EU ): “I am the vine, you are the branches. Whoever remains in me and I in him brings rich fruit. ”In addition, the positioning of the lamb in the arched field can be linked to another passage in John's Gospel:“ I am the door; whoever enters through me will be saved ”( Jn 10.9  EU ). The cross in the lamb's races is to be interpreted in connection with the Lutheran theology of grace, according to which healing effects were founded, developed and graciously given through Christ ( solus Christ ) and his sacrificial death on the cross ( sola gratia ). Salvation is to be received by the believers solely through faith trusting in Christ ( sola fide ), but not through any man-made action directed towards God ( Rom. 3.28  EU , 4.25 EU ). Faith, in turn, is brought about solely through the word of the proclamation of Christ, which is contained in the Bible ( sola scriptura ) fundamentally and sufficiently and is updated in the sermon .

Interior

The center of the interior is the altar in the apse. On the front of the decorated with straw and foliage Stipes is Christusmonogramm with radiation and clouds wreath to see in the center, surrounded by two medallions with a chalice relief (right) and a bowl of bread (left). The outer symbols indicate the last supper of Jesus and his sacrificial death on the cross. The monogram of Christ itself is said to have ordered Constantine the Great, according to a vision in which he was told " In this sign you will conquer ", his army to paint it on the shields and the newly introduced Labarum . This happened either before the decisive battle against Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge in 312 or before the decisive battle against Licinius at Chrysopolis . A hidden reference to the German emperor, who saw himself both as a “ Summus Episcopus ” and also saw himself in a certain religious and political ancestry to Constantine, could be included here.

The polygonal pulpit resting on a bundle of pillars, which, like the altar, was also made of white marble, shows the tablets of the Law with the Ten Commandments of the Old Covenant with the Star of David , flanked by the niches of the four evangelists. Their symbolic figures are at their feet. The Jewish tablets of the law are concealed in the middle by a slender column, above whose capital an angel carries the pulpit's lectern. In keeping with Lutheran theology with reference to passages in the New Testament, this can be interpreted as an indication of the superiority of Christianity over Judaism. The Mosaic Law, at which sinful people failed, was replaced by the saving grace of Jesus Christ: “For the law was given through Moses; grace and truth came about through Jesus Christ "( Jn 1:17  EU ) and" for sin will not rule over you, for you are no longer under law but under grace "( Rom 6:14  EU ).

The gallery parapets show four heads whose models could come from churches in the Île-de-France . Of the original window glazing, only two windows between the entrance and the main nave have survived as a result of the war damage. The current glazing was newly made (apse window) or comes from the chapel of the Metz St. Nikolaus Hospital (main nave).

organ

Protestant town church Metz, view of the organ gallery

The organ was made in 1903 by the organ builder Dalstein-Haerpfer in nearby Bolchen . The instrument was renovated in 1932, 1951 and 1972 by the organ building company Ernest Mühleisen from Strasbourg . The most recent renovation took place in 2013. The instrument has 52 stops on three manuals and a pedal . The actions are mechanical. The organ is used regularly for music competitions and concerts outside of the church service.

I Positif de poitrine C – g 3
Flûte conique 8th'
Bourdon à chem. 8th'
Prestant 4 ′
Cor de chamois 4 ′
Nazard 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
Quarte de Nazard 2 ′
Tierce 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
Larigot 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
Cymbals III
Cromorne 8th'
Tremolo
II Grand-Orgue C-g 3
Montre 16 ′
Montre 8th'
Bourdon 8th'
Viole de gambe 8th'
Great fifth 5 1 ⁄ 3  ′
Prestant 4 ′
Flûte creuse 4 ′
Big tierce 3 1 ⁄ 5  ′
Duplicate 2 ′
Sifflet 1'
Cornet V 8th'
Fittings IV
Cymbals IV
Trumpets 8th'
Clairon 4 ′
III Récit expressif C – g 3
Quintaton 16 ′
Principal 8th'
Bourdon 8th'
Viol 8th'
Voix céleste 8th'
Prestant 4 ′
Flute 4 ′
Octave 2 ′
Sesquialtera II
Plein-jeu V.
Basson 16 ′
Trumpets 8th'
Hautbois 8th'
Voix humaine 8th'
Clairon 4 ′
Tremolo
Pedale C – g 1
Principal 16 ′
Bourdon 16 ′
Violon 16 ′
Fifth 10 2 ⁄ 3  ′
Principal 8th'
Flute 8th'
Principal 4 ′
Flute 2 ′
Fittings IV
Bombard 16 ′
Trumpets 8th'
Clairon 4 ′
  • Coupling I / II, III / II, I / P, II / P, III / P

literature

  • Pierre Bronn: Le protestantisme en Pays messin, Metz 2007.
  • Pierre Bronn: Le temple neuf au cœur du protestantisme messin, 2014.
  • Rodolphe Friedrich: Metz, la Huguenote, Metz 1993. (French-German text)
  • Philippe Hoch: Huguenots, De la Moselle à Berlin, Les chemins de l'exil, Metz 2006.
  • Otto Michaelis: From the history of the Metz Evangelical Congregation, Metz 1906.
  • Otto Michaelis: Grenzlandkirche, A Protestant Church History of Alsace-Lorraine 1870–1918, Essen 1934.
  • Christiane Pignon-Feller: Metz 1848–1918, Les métamorphoses d'une ville, Paris 2013.
  • François Roth: La Lorraine annexée, Metz 2007.
  • Maurice Thirion: Etudes sur l'histoire du protestantisme à Metz et dans le Pays messin, Nancy 1884.
  • Henri Tribout de Morambert: La réforme à Metz, Nancy 1969-1971.
  • Jeanne Vincler: Calvinistes proscrits à Metz colons à Berlin, 2011.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Pierre Bronn: Le temple neuf au cœur du protestantisme messin, 2014, pp. 28–34.
  2. ^ Metzer Zeitung of May 14, 1904, article "On the inauguration of the new Protestant church in Metz".
  3. ↑ Strasbourg Post of May 18, 1904, article "From the building history of the new Protestant church in Metz".
  4. ^ Niels Wilcken: Vom Drachen Graully to the Center Pompidou-Metz, Metz, a cultural guide, Merzig 2011, p. 99ff.
  5. ↑ Centralblatt der Bauverwaltung , Vol. 5, 1885, No. 18, May 2, 1885 ( building description, floor plan and section) , pp. 178 and 179.
  6. ↑ Expert opinion on the construction plan for a Protestant church by the city architect Wahn, copy dated September 24, 1892, in: Archives municipales de Metz, 2-M-63.
  7. ^ Negotiations of the Provincial Committee for Alsace-Lorraine, meeting on February 23, 1897.
  8. ^ Pastor Sell: Report on the affairs of the new building of the Evangelical City Church in Metz, 1893, Archives départementales de la Moselle (Metz).
  9. ^ François-Yves Le Moigne and Gérard Michaux: Protestants messins et mosellans, Metz 1988, p. 246.
  10. ^ Letter from the Mayor of Metz to the District President of December 14, 1898, Archives départementales de la Moselle (Metz), 7-AL-218.
  11. ^ Meeting of the municipal council of the city of Metz on February 10, 1899.
  12. ^ Petition of March 26, 1899, Archives départementales de la Moselle (Metz), 7-AL-218.
  13. ↑ Minutes of the municipal council meeting of the city of Metz on February 3, 1898.
  14. ↑ Strasbourg Post of May 18, 1904, article "From the building history of the new Protestant church in Metz".
  15. ↑ Excerpt from the advice register (sic!) Of the municipal council of the city of Metz, meeting on July 5, 1899, Archives départementales de la Moselle (Metz), 7-AL-218.
  16. ^ District President Freiherr von Hammerstein to the Imperial Civil Cabinet, letter dated May 27, 1899, Archives départementales de la Moselle, 7-AL-218 and Secret State Archives Prussian Cultural Heritage, PK, I. HA Rep. 89, Secret Civil Cabinet, No. 22077.
  17. ↑ The Civil Cabinet of the Emperor to the district president of Lorraine, letter of 8 June 1899 Archives Departmental de la Moselle, 7-AL-218 and Prussian Privy State Archives, PK, I. HA Rep. 89, Secret Civil Cabinet, no. 22077 .
  18. ↑ Pierre Bronn: Le temple neuf au cœur du protestantisme messin, 2014, p. 36.
  19. ↑ Otto Michaelis: From the history of the Metzer evangelical community, Metz 1906, pp. 74-75.
  20. ↑ Call for contributions for the construction of a Protestant church at Plantières-Queuleu in Lorraine, April 1897, Archives départementales de la Moselle, Metz, 7-AL-221.
  21. ↑ Inauguration of the Protestant town church Plantières-Queuleu, Archives départementales de la Moselle, Metz, 7-AL-221.
  22. ↑ Article “The consecration of the new Catholic parish church in Montigny”, in: Metzer Zeitung of July 31, 1906.
  23. ^ Niels Wilcken: Architecture in the border area. Public construction in Alsace-Lorraine (1871-1918) (= publications by the Institute for Regional Studies in Saarland, vol. 38). Institute for Regional Studies in Saarland, Saarbrücken 2000, pp. 273–275.
  24. ^ Konrad Wahn: Explanatory report on the draft from February 28, 1900, in: Archives municipales de Metz, 2-M-62-68, 1898-1904.
  25. ^ Minutes of the Metz city council meeting on December 9, 1898.
  26. ^ Letter from the Mayor of Metz, Halm, to the Royal War Ministry in Berlin of July 24th, 1890, in: Acta on the expansion of the city of Metz, Archives départementales du Bas-Rhin (Strasbourg), 87-AL-3436.
  27. ^ Niels Wilcken: Architecture in the border area. Public construction in Alsace-Lorraine (1871-1918) (= publications by the Institute for Regional Studies in Saarland, vol. 38). Institute for Regional Studies in Saarland, Saarbrücken 2000, pp. 266–272.
  28. ^ Letter from the Mayor of Metz, Halm, to the Royal War Ministry in Berlin of July 24th, 1890, in: Acta on the expansion of the city of Metz, Archives départementales du Bas-Rhin (Strasbourg), 87-AL-3436.
  29. ^ Konrad Wahn: Explanatory draft of October 12, 1889, in: Archives municipales de Metz, 2-M-62.
  30. ^ "Un horrible temple protestant, d'un style archaïque emprunté aux bords du Rhin, un vilain monument balourd et disgracieux", Georges Ducrocq: La blessure mal fermée, Notes d'un voyage en Alsace-Lorraine, Paris 1913, p. 44 .
  31. ^ Hermann Wendel: Jugenderinnerungen eines Metzers, Strasbourg 1934, p. 9.
  32. ↑ RS Bour: A tour through the Metz churches and chapels, in: A. Ruppel (Ed.): Lothringen und seine Hauptstadt, Eine Sammlung orientierter Aufzüge, Metz 1913, p. 427.
  33. ↑ The entry in the register from 1930 was renewed again in 1964: Documentation des Monuments historiques, Dossier Temple Neuf / Metz, December 12, 1964, Ministère de la Culture, Paris.
  34. ^ Le Republicain Lorrain , accessed November 29, 2013.
  35. ↑ Manfred Clauss : Konstantin I, in: Manfred Clauss (Ed.): The Roman Emperors, 55 historical portraits from Caesar to Justinian, Munich 1997, pp. 282–305, here p. 286.
  36. ↑ Pierre Bronn: Le temple neuf au cœur du protestantisme messin, 2014, pp. 38–40.
  37. ↑ Pierre Bronn: Le temple neuf au cœur du protestantisme messin, 2014, p. 40.
  38. ↑ Information on the organ under the keyword Metz (French)

Web links

Commons : Temple neuf de Metz  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 49 ° 7 '14.1 "  N , 6 ° 10' 18.7"  E