Peter Marx (architect)

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St. Barbara in Ramersbach

Peter Marx (born May 30, 1871 in Trier ; † December 21, 1958 there ) was a German architect .

Life

Peter Marx was a son of the Catholic cloth manufacturer Nicolas Marx and his wife Barbara, nee. Preil. In his childhood he lived temporarily in Mayen ; from 1883 to 1886 he attended the Trier secondary school. After an apprenticeship as a construction technician for structural and civil engineering with local authority building master Massing in Trier, he first moved to Cologne , where he worked for the architect Clemens Hermann Riffart and later for the building contractor Nikolaus Defourny. In 1890 Peter Marx began to study architecture in Brussels , where he also worked for some time. After an interim period in Trier from 1892, study trips to Vienna , Italy, France, Scotland and Great Britain and military service in 1894 and 1895, Marx worked in New York for two years before the turn of the century before moving to Berlin in 1898 and being there Finished studies.

At the beginning of the 20th century, Marx opened an architecture office in his home town of Trier. After marrying Laura Gusenburger in 1902, the couple moved into a house designed by Peter Marx at Kochstrasse 12. In 1907, Marx's wife died while giving birth to their first child.

During the First World War , Marx was in the field in Russia in 1915 and 1916. From around 1914 to 1926 he shared an office with the Trier architect Peter Gracher .

Marx ran for the Christian People's Party for the Prussian state parliament and was active in the Rhineland movement from 1918 to 1923 and participated in the establishment of the Rhenish Republic in Koblenz in 1923, of which he was a member of the provisional government. For the National Socialists he was therefore considered a traitor to the fatherland, which led to his emigration to Rome in 1933 , where his brother Joseph already lived and where Peter studied Christian archeology . He did not return to Trier until 1947, where he lived and worked until his death in 1958. During this time he restored many of his churches that had been damaged in the war, but he no longer carried out large orders (probably due to his age).

The grave of the Marx couple is in the main cemetery in Trier . The tomb designed by Marx himself shows, besides a crucifixion scene, the saints Laurentius and Peter as namesake of the married couple Marx and the symbols of the four evangelists. It consists of a sandstone stele with a wrought iron roof and forged side parts.

Marx's estate is in the Trier diocese archives (Dept. 105, No. 4132–4592).

Monument preservation

Marx also dealt with questions of monument preservation . He worked with the Commission for the Preservation of Trier Private Buildings in the recording and inventory of Trier monuments and also wrote articles on this subject for the Kur-Trier magazine . During his time in Rome, Peter Marx collected floor plans of early church buildings and wrote the work Corpus Basilicarum Orbis Christiani , which, however, was never published despite positive reports from important early Christian archaeologists. It comprises 710 pages of text, 159 tables with floor plans and 15 maps. Virtually Marx worked frequently with the extension of medieval or baroque churches, in which he endeavored to get old components as possible and adapt to new historic appearance to the secular buildings in that direction, the reconstruction of part of Castle Arras .

plant

buildings

St. Dionysius in Kirchwald
Holy Sacrament (Saardom) in Dillingen / Saar
Parish Church of St. Paulinus in Lauterbach
Parish Church of All Saints in Sulzbach / Saar

Peter Marx designed private, sacred and commercial buildings. The semi-detached house at Trier Südallee 17/18 is an early building based on Marx's plans.

The parish church of St. Martin in Trier, which was influenced by the Romanesque, and the associated rectory from 1912 to 1915 were planned by Marx, as was the Saardom in Dillingen and the cigar factory "Haus Neuerburg" in Trier. He also successfully participated in the competition to design the Villa Reverchon . After his return to Germany, Marx mainly devoted himself to building and rebuilding churches, but no longer received any prominent orders. At least 71 churches and chapels were designed or redesigned by him during his entire professional activity. The church of Igel from 1953/1954 is one of his last church buildings .

While Marx's early buildings are still completely committed to historicism , he found a more modern design language, influenced by New Objectivity and Expressionism , especially in the churches he built in the Saarland in the 1920s .

Most of Marx's buildings that have been preserved are now listed .

List of buildings (incomplete):

  • 1900: Trier, Südallee 17 and 18, double villa with embossed sandstone blocks clad facade with motifs of monumentalizing neo-Romanesque, the secession style and reform architecture
  • 1900: Derlen / Elm , St. Josef parish church in neo-Gothic style
  • 1901: Trier, Kochstraße 9, three-story neo-Gothic row residential and commercial building, extension
  • 1902: Trier, Christophstraße 12, upper middle-class late-historic residential building and Remisentrakt
  • 1903: Trier, Im Sabel 4, tower extension
  • 1903/05: Parish Church of St. Maria Magdalena in Zilshausen
  • 1904: Heppingen (district of Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler), Catholic parish church of St. Martin
  • 1904: Trier, Bruchhausenstrasse 17/18, three-storey row double residential building, neo-renaissance
  • 1904/05: Parish Church of St. Laurentius in Waldrach
  • 1904/05: Trier, Hauptmarkt 17 at the corner of Jakobstrasse, three-storey corner residential and commercial building with Louis Seize facade, neo-classical rectangular building with a mansard hipped roof
  • 1906/09: Trier, Karl-Marx-Straße 76, four-story residential and commercial building, reform architecture
  • 1907/08: Parish Church of St. Barbara in Ramersbach
  • 1907/10: Expansion of the Arras Castle
  • 1908/09: Elections , Dillinger Straße 1, Catholic rectory
  • 1908/09: St. Gangolf branch church in Kelsen
  • 1909/11: St. Aper parish church in Wasserliesch
  • 1909/10: Neunkirchen , Herrmannstrasse 10, St. Vinzenz children's home and church
  • 1910/12: St. Jakob parish church in Trier-Biewer
  • 1910/13: Parish Church of the Holy Sacrament in Dillingen / Saar
  • 1911/12: Catholic rectory in Schwemlingen
  • 1910/11: St. Rochus parish church in Hatzenport, extension
  • 1911/12: Parish Church of St. Paulinus in Lauterbach
  • 1911/12: Parish Church of St. Dionysius in Kruft , extension
  • 1911/12: Parish Church of St. Nikolaus in Königsfeld
  • 1911/12: Catholic rectory in Lockweiler
  • 1912: St. Hildegard in Kellenbach
  • 1912/15: Parish Church of St. Martin in Trier
  • 1913/14: Parish Church of St. Laurentius in Schwemlingen
  • 1914/16: Holy Trinity Parish Church in Wiebelskirchen
  • 1920: Trier, Katharinenufer 1, neo-classical villa
  • 1922/23: Parish church Herz Jesu in Hostenbach
  • 1922/23: Parish church of St. Johannes Baptist in Waxweiler , extension and transept
  • 1923/24: Parish church of St. Anthony of Padua in Werbeln
  • 1923/26: St. Hubertus parish church in Wolsfeld
  • 1924: St. Katharina in Karweiler
  • 1924/26: Parish church of St. Peter in Neidenbach , extension
  • 1924/26: Parish Church of St. Nikolaus in Idenheim
  • 1927/29: Parish Church of All Saints in Sulzbach / Saar
  • 1928/29: St. Martinus parish church in Koblenz , extension
  • 1929/30: Parish Church Raising the Cross and St. Stephan in Fließem , expansion
  • 1931/33: Parish Church of St. Martin in Bietzen
  • 1932/35: Parish Church of St. Matthias in Altforweiler
  • 1949/50: Eltrudiskapelle in Niederöfflingen

Fonts

  • Monaise Castle. In: Communications of the Rhenish Association for the Preservation of Monuments and Heritage Protection, Issue 2 of September 1, 1909, pp. 109-114.
  • The Patheiger group of houses on the market. In: Communications from the Rhenish Association for the Preservation of Monuments and Heritage Protection, Issue 2 of September 1, 1909, p. 114ff.
  • From the past of the Porta Nigra in Trier. In: Kur-Trier, magazine for the care of native peculiarities in the areas of the Moselle, the Eifel, and the Hunsrück, issue No. 1, January 1919, pp. 9-12.
  • From the Roman bridge to Trier. In: Kur-Trier, issue No. 3, May 1919, pp. 38–40.
  • Corpus Basilicarum Orbis Christiani. (unpublished manuscript)

literature

  • Hermann Bunjes et al .: The Church Monuments of the City of Trier , Trier 1938, p. 385.
  • Jens Fachbach, Georg Schelbert, Mario Simmer: On the 50th anniversary of the death of the architect Peter Marx , in: Neues Trierisches Jahrbuch 48, 2008, pp. 257–264. (announces a monograph in preparation)
  • Karl-August Heise: The old town and the new time, town planning and monument preservation Triers in the 19th and 20th centuries , Trier 1999, 80, p. 305.
  • Carl Kammer: Architect Peter Marx 80 years. In: "After the Shift" (= religious family magazine), Wiebelskirchen, No. 22 of June 3, 1951, p. 340.
  • Carl Kammer: Peter Marx, senior at Trier Architects †. In: Paulinus, Trier Diocesan Gazette, No. 1 of January 4, 1959, p. 12.
  • Gottfried Kentenich : History of the city of Trier from its foundation to the present. Trier 1915, p. 935.
  • Manfred Kostka: Peter Marx, a Trier church builder between historicism and modernity, scientific work to obtain a diploma in theology at the Trier Theological Faculty, Trier 1989.
  • Helmut Lutz: Marx, Peter . In: Heinz Monz (Ed.): Trier Biographical Lexicon. Trier 2000, p. 285.
  • Sandra Ost:  Marx, Peter. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 25, Bautz, Nordhausen 2005, ISBN 3-88309-332-7 , Sp. 917-920.
  • Patrick Ostermann (arrangement): City of Trier. Old town. (=  Cultural monuments in Rhineland-Palatinate. Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany . Volume 17.1 ). Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 2001, ISBN 3-88462-171-8 , p. 178, 182, 192, 198, 250, 260, 264, 292, 293, 294, 306, 308 .
  • Günter Pitschmann: Peter Marx, a church architect in Trier. Diploma thesis, Trier Theological Faculty, Trier 1964.
  • Hans-Hermann Reck: The city expansion of Triers. Planning and building history from the beginning of the Prussian era to the end of the First World War (1815-1918). Trier 1990, pp. 128, 193, 426, and 431.

Web links

Commons : Peter Marx  - Collection of images, videos and audio files