Theodor Vogel (philologist)

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Theodor Vogel (1836–1912)

Theodor Vogel (born June 15, 1836 in Plauen , † December 30, 1912 in Dresden ) was a German classical philologist , grammar school teacher and lecturer in the Royal Saxon Ministry of Culture .

Life

family

Theodor was the eldest son of the Plauen high school teacher Friedrich August Vogel († April 1, 1867 in Plauen) and his wife Minna, nee Teichmann († 1878). His younger brother was Paul Vogel .

On October 1, 1864, he married Cäcilie Heubner, daughter of the politician and poet Otto Leonhard Heubner , in Dresden's Annenkirche , who died on March 29, 1869 as a result of a sudden rheumatoid arthritis and was buried in the Annenfriedhof in Dresden . The marriage resulted in the son Walther (born August 31, 1865) and the daughter Marie (born March 24, 1867), who later got together with the Dresden Medical Councilor Dr. Gilbert married.

Since July 24, 1872, Theodor Vogel was married to Hedwig Gilbert, the daughter of his superior at the time , the Saxon secret school and church council Robert Otto Gilbert (1808-1891). The daughter Anna Elisabeth (* July 5, 1873), who later married the classical philologist Richard Wagner , came from this marriage .

education

The precocious, gifted and extremely eager to learn boy attended the grammar school in his hometown from 1844 to 1852 , where he was influenced above all by the new rector Johann Friedrich Palm .

After passing his school leaving examination with an overall grade of Ia, he first studied classical philology, philosophy and German studies in Berlin . Here one of his preferred professors was the philologist August Boeckh . He was particularly fascinated by the satires of Horace , the Roman antiquities and the history of Roman literature with the 34-year-old lecturer Martin Hertz , with whom he had a lifelong friendship since that time. He also attended the lectures given by the physicist Dove on meteorology and experimental physics with great interest . In his private life he was on friendly terms with the family of the poet Adelbert von Chamisso, who died in 1838 . He had already met his daughter in Plauen, as the wife of his teacher Palm.

From October 1853 to October 1856 he continued his studies at the University of Leipzig , where he became the first intern of the young Germanist Friedrich Zarncke . After he had passed the state examination for teaching at secondary schools on October 12, 1856 , he received his doctorate on October 28, 1856 .

He completed his legal probationary year half at the Nikolaischule in Leipzig and half at the Kreuzschule in Dresden . At the same time from Easter 1857 he took over a teaching position at Christian Friedrich Krause's private educational institute , which enjoyed a high reputation until the establishment of the Royal High School in Dresden-Neustadt (1874) [...] and with a large and distinguished, especially many English, North American and German Russians attended alumnates .

Activity as a high school teacher

On June 1, 1858, he received the 16th position as senior teacher at the grammar school in Zittau , where he was also employed in the prime by the then rector Heinrich Julius Kämmel .

From Michaelmas in 1861 he was full professor at the grammar school in Zwickau . There, too, his rectors Friedrich Kraner and Hugo Ilberg showed him great respect and entrusted him with the Latin disputations for the upper school. During this time he was particularly interested in the work of the Roman writer Aulus Gellius . In addition, he gave public lectures on the world-historical task of the Romans and Greek mythology as the symbolic language of educated mankind .

On June 1, 1866, he accepted the call as ninth professor at the Princely School of St. Afra in Meißen . Already at this point his endeavor was to throw away outdated methods and learned ballast [...] to teach more sensibly, more simply and more lively. His knowledge and pedagogical skills led to the fact that he was also asked at St. Afra to teach Latin and Greek reading in the upper classes and to hold Latin disputations with selected primates in addition to his actual teaching position.

From 1871 to 1877 he was the founding rector of the State High School in Chemnitz . The great mass of the population in the factory town was at first completely indifferent to the humanistic institution. Vogel was keen to adapt the traditional forms of teaching to the requirements of the industrial age. With his young staff he therefore campaigned for the expansion of science classes and the introduction of the teaching of the English language. He left a flourishing institution with 13 classes, 326 students, 10 substantial school foundations and a teacher widow's fund to his successor.

When Theodor Vogel was appointed as his successor at the Nikolaischule in Leipzig on September 29, 1877 on the recommendation of the previous rector Justus Hermann Lipsius , this venerable municipal educational institution was already in high regard due to the careful work of the scholar Lipsius. During Vogel's tenure, the school received its new, modern and large school building on Stephanstrasse in 1880. Under Vogel, the school has now been expanded into a double high school.

Since August 1, 1878 Vogel and Friedrich August Eckstein also belonged to the Scientific Examination Commission of the University of Leipzig for Pedagogy and since December 1, 1883 also for Classical Philology.

Activity as a department head for the higher education system

On November 1, 1884, Vogel was appointed ministerial officer for higher education in the Saxon Ministry of Culture in Dresden. In this function he developed and supported the expansion of the Saxon reform high schools . The Dreikönigschule in Dresden served as a model . The teaching of these reform secondary schools in Dresden was essentially characterized by a changed sequence of foreign languages. French was the basic foreign language, while Latin only started in the lower secondary and English in the upper secondary.

In addition, Vogel was considered the founder of the Reform Realgymnasien Plauen Order , where English and Latin were taught a year earlier and longer than at the Dreikönigsschule. The advantage of the "Plauen Order" was obvious. It not only laid a more solid foundation for the second and third foreign language than in the other Realgymnasien, but also offered the students a better basis in English, which - for whatever reason - contrary to the original intention, the school after a total of six school years ( after the Untersekunda) left and took up a job in the economy.

Through his office, Vogel was also a member of the Reich School Commission and the examination boards for Gera and Schleiz as well as the examination commission for the Saxon Cadet Corps . From Easter 1902 he was also the chairman of the examinations to be taken at the Technical University of Dresden for the higher teaching post.

The important and extensive new teaching and examination regulations of the Saxon Ministry of Culture for high schools (1893), high schools (1902) and high schools (1904) go back to his work.

He was rather aloof from the school reform movement . He refused to push back the teaching of the ancient languages ​​in favor of the modern ones, such as the Frankfurt system foreseen. In his opinion, teaching in English and French should not be limited to learning the colloquial language, but should focus primarily on reading and knowing the classical literature of those languages.

On October 1, 1905, Vogel entered legal retirement. In addition to numerous didactic essays on old classical and German teaching in Johannes Ilberg's New Yearbooks for Classical Antiquity, History and German Literature , in Otto Lyon's magazine for German teaching , in the Grenzbote or in the Dresdner Anzeiger , he also wrote his memoirs and intensified himself as a Goethe researcher.

After a short illness, Theodor Vogel died in Dresden and was buried in the Old Annenfriedhof .

Honors

Theodor Vogel was appointed to the Privy Council in 1902 for his services . He was a bearer of high orders, including the Commander's Cross of the Saxon Albrecht Order, 1st class. On the occasion of his retirement, the establishment of a Theodor Vogel Foundation to support Saxon high school teachers was brought into being through a collection among the Saxon teaching staff. For his study on the characteristics of Luke in terms of language and style , he was awarded an honorary doctorate by the theological faculty of the University of Leipzig .

Fonts (selection)

  • Doctrinam christianam instituet. Dissertation, Lipsiae 1856.
  • Quaestiones de aliquot Philoctetae Sophoclis locis. Lipsiae 1855 (congratulatory letter from the Philological Seminar for Prof. Westermann)
  • De A. Gelli vita, studiis, scriptis narratione et iudicum. Zittau 1860 (Zittauer Gymnasium program)
  • De A. Gelli sermone. Pars I. De copia vocabularum. Zwickau 1862 (Zwickauer Gymnasium program)
  • Symbolae ad linguae Lat. Thesaurus. Meißen festival program on May 1, 1867.
  • The wisdom of Horace. Meissen 1868.
  • About the method of teaching Latin in first-order secondary schools. A contribution to the solution of the Latin question. In: Eduard Stößner: Second report on the Royal Realschule zu Döbeln. Chub 1871.
  • With what right do you call the people of the Greeks the classical before all other peoples? Celebratory speech. In: Jahns Jahrbuch für Philologie. 1878, pp. 409-425.
  • De dialogi qui Taciti nomine fertur sermone iudicium. Festschrift in honor of Friedrich August Eckstein. In: Jahns Jahrbuch für Philologie. 12, Supl. 1881.
  • On the characteristics of Luke in terms of language and style: a philological lay study. Dürr, Leipzig 1897.
  • Curriculum for German teaching in the Latin-less sub-classes of the Dreikönigschule (Realgymnasium zu Dresden-Neustadt). Heinrich, Dresden 1899.
  • Goethe's self-testimony about his position on religion and on religious-ecclesiastical questions. Teubner, Leipzig 1900.
  • Q. Curti Rufi Historiarum Alexandri Magni Macedonis libri qui supersunt. 2 volumes. Teubner, Leipzig 1903/1906 (Historiarum Alexandri Magni Macedonis libri qui supersunt)
  • For the moral appreciation of Goethe. Lecture given on January 24, 1906 at the non-profit society in Dresden. L. Ehlermann, Dresden 1906. (New edition Schuttwalden 1999)

literature

  • Walther Gilbert: Theodor Vogel. In: Ralph Ruß ( arrangement ): Afranisches Ecce 1913. Heft 18, Dresden 1913, No. 2, pp. 1–13.
  • Konrad Seeliger : Theodor Vogel. Contributions to the history of higher education in the Kingdom of Saxony. In: New year books for classical antiquity, history and German literature and for pedagogy. Volume 34, Teubner, Leipzig and Berlin 1914, pp. 293-322, 387-407 and 449-466.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Afranian Ecce. 1913, p. 2.
  2. ↑ Afranian Ecce. 1913, p. 4.
  3. ↑ Afranian Ecce. 1913, p. 6.
  4. ↑ Afranian Ecce. 1913, p. 7.
  5. ^ A b Roland Schmidt: Foreign languages ​​at the Realgymnasium according to Plauen order
personal data
SURNAME Vogel, Theodor
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German classical philologist and high school teacher
DATE OF BIRTH June 15, 1836
PLACE OF BIRTH Plauen
DATE OF DEATH December 30, 1912
Place of death Dresden