Heinrich Wilhelm Dove (physicist)

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Heinrich Wilhelm Dove, lithograph by Rudolf Hoffmann , 1856

Heinrich Wilhelm Dove (born October 6, 1803 in Liegnitz , †  April 4, 1879 in Berlin ) was a German physicist and meteorologist .

Life

Heinrich Wilhelm Dove studied mathematics , physics , philology and philosophy in Breslau from 1821 and in Berlin from 1824 . He heard lectures from Paul Erman , Enne Heeren Dirksen , but also from the philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel , where he made remarkable notes, one of which (on the philosophy of nature) was transcribed and published in 2007.

Easter (March 4th) 1826 he completed his habilitation as a private lecturer in Königsberg and received an extraordinary professorship in physics there in 1828. In September 1829 he went to Berlin, taught at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Gymnasium and later at the Artillery School and at the Royal Commercial Institute. In 1837 he was admitted to the Academy of Sciences and in 1845 appointed full professor at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität.

Dove is considered to be the founder of today's science of meteorology and weather forecasting . The law of the rotation of the winds established by him and named after him , the so-called Dove's law , was considered a general wind theory for a long time until Christoph Buys Ballot formulated the more general Baric Wind Law in 1860 . The Dovesche wind rotation law reads: "In the northern hemisphere the wind rotates when polar and equatorial currents alternate with each other, on average in the sense of SWNOS through the compass rose and between N and W more often back than between E and S." The validity of this law, that has to do with the counterclockwise spiral structure of the low pressure vortex in the northern hemisphere, but depends on the observer being located south of the cyclones passing in an east-west direction. This is mostly the case for Central Europe.

Dove is also considered the discoverer of the phenomenon of binaural beats , which he describes in his Fachwerk Repertorium der Physik (Volume 3, 1839). He invented a polarization apparatus , the differential inductor, on the principle of which the first metal detectors worked in the 20th century , and a rotation polariscope .

Grave site with his son of the same name

Dove headed the Meteorological Institute, founded in 1846, from 1849 until his death. He is buried in the cemetery of the St. Nicolai and St. Marien Congregation in Berlin, Prenzlauer Berg , near the Friedrichshain park . His grave was dedicated to the city of Berlin as an honor grave until 2014 .

Heinrich Wilhelm Dove married Luise O'Etzel (1810–1877), daughter of General Franz August O'Etzel and his wife Elise Adelaide Hitzig . They had four daughters and six sons, including Alfred Dove (historian), Richard Wilhelm Dove (canon lawyer) and Heinrich Wilhelm Dove (lawyer).

Honors

The British Royal Society awarded Heinrich Dove the Copley Medal in 1853 . In 1837 he was elected a full member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences . In addition, Dove was accepted into the Prussian order Pour le Mérite for science and the arts on January 24, 1860 . On September 20, 1867, he became its vice-chancellor. Also in 1860 Dove was elected a member of the Leopoldina and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences , and in 1867 the National Academy of Sciences . Since 1842 he was a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Saint Petersburg , since 1854 a foreign member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and since 1859 a member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences . In 1875 he became an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh .

The Dovestrasse and the Dove Bridge near the Technical University in Berlin-Charlottenburg as well as the lunar crater Dove are named after him. A large bay in East Greenland is named Dove Bugt in his honor. August Petermann named one of the Hinlopen Strait located Bastian Islands by Dove. This later turned out to be the headland of Langeøya and is therefore now called Doveneset.

Fonts

  • 1837 to 1849 editor of the periodical Repertorium der Physik .
  • Meteorological studies. Berlin (1837).
  • About the non-periodic changes in temperature distribution on the surface of the earth. 6 parts. Berlin (1840-59).
  • About the connection between the changes in temperature in the atmosphere and the development of plants. Berlin (1846).
  • Temperature tables. Berlin (1848).
  • Dissemination of heat on the surface of the earth: explained by isotherms, thermal isanomals and temperature curves. Berlin (1852).
  • The monthly and annual isotherms in the polar projection. Berlin (1864).
  • Representation of the heat phenomena using a five-day average. 3 parts. Berlin (1856-70).
  • The weather phenomena of northern Germany: 1850–1863. Berlin (1864).
  • The law of storms. Berlin (1857).
  • The storms of the temperate zone. Berlin (1863).
  • Climatological contributions. 2 parts. Berlin (1857-69).
  • Climatology of Northern Germany. 2 parts. Berlin (1868-71).
  • Ice age, foehn and sirocco. Berlin (1867).
  • The Swiss hair dryer. Berlin (1868).
  • About measure and measure. Berlin (1835).
  • Investigations in the field of induction electricity . Berlin (1843).
  • About effects from a distance . Berlin (1845).
  • About electricity. Berlin (1848).
  • Representation of the theory of colors . Berlin (1853).
  • Optical studies. Berlin (1859).
  • Use of the stereoscope to distinguish fake from real paper money . Berlin (1859).
  • The cycle of water on the surface of the earth. Berlin (1866).
  • Commemorative speech for Alexander von Humboldt . Berlin (1869).

literature

Web links

Commons : Heinrich Dove  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Heinrich Wilhelm Dove  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Heinrich Wilhelm Dove u. a .: acoustics, theoretical optics, meteorology. In: Repertory of Physics . Volume 3. 1839, p. 404 in the Google book search.
  2. ^ Members of the previous academies. Heinrich Wilhelm Dove. Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences , accessed on March 17, 2015 .
  3. ↑ The Order Pour le Mérite for Science and the Arts. The members of the order. Volume I (1842–1881), Gebr. Mann-Verlag, Berlin 1975, p. 212.
  4. ↑ Member entry of Heinrich Wilhelm Dove at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on December 28, 2015.
  5. ^ Foreign members of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 1724. Heinrich Wilhelm Dove. Russian Academy of Sciences, accessed August 27, 2015 .
  6. ↑ Member entry by Heinrich Wilhelm Dove (with a link to an obituary) at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences , accessed on January 27, 2017.
  7. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Volume 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Series 3, volume 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 71.
  8. ^ Fellows Directory. Biographical Index: Former RSE Fellows 1783–2002. (PDF) Royal Society of Edinburgh, accessed October 22, 2019 .
  9. ↑ Dovestrasse. In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein (near  Kaupert )
  10. ↑ Doveneset . In: The Place Names of Svalbard (first edition 1942). Norsk Polarinstitutt , Oslo 2001, ISBN 82-90307-82-9 (English, Norwegian).
personal data
SURNAME Dove, Heinrich Wilhelm
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German physicist and meteorologist
DATE OF BIRTH October 6, 1803
PLACE OF BIRTH Liegnitz
DATE OF DEATH April 4, 1879
Place of death Berlin