Tikhon (Patriarch of Moscow)

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Patriarch Tikhon
Patriarch Tikhon
Peter of Krutitsy and Tikhon

Patriarch Tikhon ( Russian Тихон , alternative spelling Tikhon ; born January 19 . Jul / 31 January  1865 greg. As Vasily Ivanovich Bellawin ( Russian Василий Иванович Беллавин , scientific. Transliteration Vasilij Ivanovič Bellavin ) in Toropets , Pskov Governorate , † April 7 1925 in Moscow ) was the first patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church after the fall of the Tsarist Empire.

Life

Tikhon, son of a clergyman, attended the seminary in Pskov and the Spiritual Academy in Saint Petersburg .

In 1888 he started a school career. He first taught French, later moral theology and dogmatics . In 1892 he took the monastic vows.

On October 19, 1897, in the Holy Trinity Church of the Alexander Nevsky Monastery, the episcopal ordination by the Metropolitan of St. Petersburg Palladius with the participation of the Archbishops of Kazan Arsenius, of Finland Antonin and the bishops of Narva Johannes and Samara Gurias. He initially worked for a year as Bishop of Lublin in the Diocese of Chełm - Warsaw , in 1898 he became Bishop of the Aleutians and Alaska , which had belonged to the Russian Federation until 1867; as such he was the head of all Russian Orthodox on the North American continent. In 1907 he ascended the chair of the Archbishop of Yaroslavl . After problems with the local authorities, he became Archbishop of Vilnius in 1914 . After the overthrow of Tsar Nicholas II during the February Revolution in 1917 , in an effort by the Church to gain independence from the Russian state , on November 5, 1917, a council of the regional church made him the first Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church since the time of Tsar Peter I. appointed. His attempts at reform were, however, stifled on the one hand by resistance within the church and on the other hand by the communist takeover after the October Revolution .

Tichon ruled out the possibility that a Christian would take part in the civil war : “No, it would be better for them to inflict bloody wounds than for us to turn to retribution, ultimately retribution in the form of massacres , on our enemies or on those who seem to be the source of our misery. "

Tichon was arrested in 1922 and taken to the Lubyanka because of his contacts with the Karlowitz Foreign Church, which had now been established, and because of his refusal to make consecrated cult objects available for sale to alleviate the need, which allegedly prevented the rescue of starving people . He was then interned in Moscow's Donskoy Monastery . An all-Russian church assembly, dominated by Bolsheviks, deposed him and removed him from all spiritual offices. Presumably through British intervention, however, he was released again in 1923.

His death in 1925 gave rise to suspicions of poisoning.

After the end of communism, Tikhon was canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church in 1991. His bones are in the Donskoy Monastery.

literature

Web links

Commons : Tikhon (Patriarch of Moscow)  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Gregor Benewitsch: The Jewish Question In The Russian Orthodox Church (in English The Jewish Question In The Russian Orthodox Church , in German Chapter 1 , Chapter 2 , Chapter 3 , Conclusion )
predecessor Office successor
Macarius II Patriarch of Moscow
1917–1925 		Sergius I.
personal data
SURNAME Tikhon
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Тихон (Russian); Tychon; Belawin, Wassili Iwanowitsch (maiden name); Белавин, Василий Иванович (birth name, Russian); Vasilij Ivanovič Belavin (maiden name, scientific transliteration)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church
DATE OF BIRTH January 31, 1865
PLACE OF BIRTH Toropets , Pskov Governorate
DATE OF DEATH April 7, 1925
Place of death Moscow