Niemodlin

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Niemodlin
POL Niemodlin COA.svg
Niemodlin (Poland)
Niemodlin
Niemodlin
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Opole
Powiat : Opolski
Gmina : Niemodlin
Area : 13.11  km²
Geographic location : 50 ° 38 '  N , 17 ° 36'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 38 '0 "  N , 17 ° 36' 0"  E
Height : 160-175 m npm
Residents : 6485 (December 31, 2016)
Telephone code : (+48) 77
License plate : OPO
Economy and Transport
Street : DK 46 Nysa - Opole
Next international airport : Wroclaw



Niemodlin (German Falkenberg OS ) is a city in the powiat Opolski of the Polish Opole Voivodeship . It is the seat of the town-and-country municipality of the same name with around 13,350 inhabitants.

geography

Falkenberg southwest of Opole on a map from 1905

location

The city is located in the Upper Silesia region on the left bank of the Steinau at 177 m above sea level. NHN between the Upper Silesian and Middle Silesian arable plains, about 25 kilometers southwest of Opole .

The community of Niemodlin borders the Glatzer Neisse in the west and is largely surrounded by forests.

Neighboring places

Niemodlin borders Gościejowice (Heidersdorf) in the north, Michałówek (Michaelsdorf) in the northeast, Sady (Baumgarten) and Wydrowice (Weiderwitz) in the southeast, Lipno (lips) in the south, Brzęczkowice (Springsdorf) in the southwest and Brzęczkowice (Springsdorf) in the west Piotrowa (Petersdorf) .

history

Among the Silesian Piasts

Remains of the old city wall
The Falkenberg Castle was built from the 1313th

A Slavic settlement, inaccessible to the enemy, between the swamps on one side and the river on the other, probably existed as early as the 10th century. The village of Nemodlin was first mentioned in a document in 1224. Translated, the term means not bad or good place . In 1228 the Opole Duke Casimir I awarded this village to his palatine Clemens and his brother Virbecha, who had to carry out construction work on the Opole castle. They used the village to equip the Staniątki Benedictine monastery near Kraków . Kazimir's son Wladislaus I bought back the village of Nemodlin in 1260, presumably in order to create a town under German law, whose town charter for 1283 is documented with the mention of a citizen. The German place name Falkenberg is first recorded for the year 1290. After the death of Duke Bolko I , his territory was divided up in 1313 and the Duchy of Falkenberg was established for the eldest son Bolko von Falkenberg . The Duchy of Falkenberg existed until 1382; after that it was again connected to the Duchy of Opole.

Crown of Bohemia and Prussian rule

Falkenberg after the town fire in 1750
Houses on the north side of the ring
Parish Church of the Assumption

After the death of Duke Johann II , who died in 1532 with no heirs, Falkenberg and the Duchy of Opole fell to the Crown of Bohemia as a settled fiefdom . Thereafter, the town of Falkenberg was initially in the possession of Matthias von Logau and from 1572 by Kaspar von Pückler , who acquired it as property in 1581, which resulted in the independent manor of Falkenberg. He brought the Reformation to the city and had the castle rebuilt in the Renaissance style. In the 15th century, the population of Falkenberg had become heavily Polonized, but in the 16th and 17th. Germanized again in the 19th century by immigration from the areas of Grottkau and Brieg . During the Thirty Years' War , Falkenberg became Catholic again after the Battle of White Mountain in 1622. The von Zierotin family became the new masters in the middle of the 17th century , and then the von Praschma family in 1779 .

After the First Silesian War in 1742, Falkenberg fell to Prussia and became the district town of the Falkenberg OS district. In the same year, an evangelical building was built in the village, which was destroyed by fire eight years later. The rebuilt new building was inaugurated on June 23, 1754.

In the 19th century there was initially no major economic development. Only the railway connection in 1888 brought a certain improvement. In 1845 there was a castle with a manorial garden, a Catholic parish church, a Catholic school, a Protestant church, a Protestant school, a syringe house, a brewery, two distilleries and a shooting house in the village. In the same year, 1559 people lived in Falkenberg, 1009 of them Catholic, 496 Protestant and 54 Jewish. In 1849 the Royal District Court was established in Falkenberg. In 1855, 1971 people lived in the village.

At the beginning of the 20th century, Falkenberg had a Protestant church, a Catholic church, a synagogue , a train station on the Schiedlow - Deutsch-Leippe state railway line , a castle, an Evangelical Johanniter hospital, a Catholic hospital, cigar production, pottery, a sawmill, a brick factory, a military training area and was the seat of a district court .

During the Nazi era, the NSDAP district leaders were: Joachim Heine from 1933 to 1937, Alfred Rieger from 1938 to 1939, Hans Schramm from 1939 to 1941, then Helmut Michel. Until 1945 the place was in the district of Falkenberg OS

After 1945

In World War II Falkenberg was hardly destroyed. After the invasion of the Red Army in 1945, the city was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet Union . Her Slavic name Niemodlin was reintroduced. The immigration of Polish migrants began, some of whom came from areas east of the Curzon Line , where they had belonged to the Polish minority. Unless they had fled, the German population was expelled by the local Polish administrative authority .

In 1950 the city was incorporated into the Opole Voivodeship. In 1957, demolition work began on the Protestant church on the Ring. First the tower was demolished, then in 1963 the whole building. Today there is a green area in the same place.

In 1999 the place came to the newly founded Powiat Opolski (Opole district) . In 2011, 3269 people lived in Niemodlin.

Demographics

Population development until 1945
year population Remarks
1756 598
1766 712
1776 749
1780 764
1781 802
1782 819 without the garrison (two Campania cuirassiers )
1816 1175
1825 1299 including 431 Evangelicals, 25 Jews
1840 1559 including 496 Evangelicals, 1009 Catholics, 54 Jews
1855 1971
1861 1967 of which 684 Protestants, 1204 Catholics, 79 Jews;
1867 2076 on December 3rd
1871 1960 including 650 Protestants; According to other data, 1960 residents (on December 1), including 621 Protestants, 1259 Catholics, 80 Jews
1890 2001
1900 2103 mostly Catholics
1910 2057 on December 1st, excluding castle and manor district (171 inhabitants)
1933 2672
1939 2757
Number of inhabitants since World War II
year Residents
1971 4,500
2004 6,911

Attractions

Castle gate
Old town houses on the Ring
Former royal. court House

Falkenberg Castle

The Falkenberg Castle (formerly Falkenburg ) built on the site of a wooden castle from 1313 by Duke Bolko of Falkenberg in the Renaissance style. In the 16th century it was rebuilt and the south and west wings were added. Further renovations took place in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Parish Church of the Assumption

The Parish Church of the Assumption (Kościół Wniebowzięcia NMP) in the west of the ring was first mentioned in 1228. In 1290 the "Pastor Eckehard von Valkenbrech" is mentioned, which testifies to the existence of a city parish. The current one was probably built in 1381. In 1572 Kaspar Pückler introduced the Reformation in Falkenberg. In 1622 a Catholic pastor was reinstated in the church. In the course of fighting during the Thirty Years War, the church burned down on July 17, 1640. It was not rebuilt until 1651. From 1389 to 1810 the church served as a provost church. In 1781 two lightning bolts struck the church tower, which had to be destroyed by fire. In 1795 the church tower was rebuilt. After it had fallen into disrepair, the tower was demolished again in 1864 and rebuilt shortly afterwards. The church tower was given the height of 62.7 meters that is still present today. The interior includes u. a. the main altar decorated with Rococo elements from 1834 with older figures of Saints Peter and Paul and the late Baroque side altars and the pulpit from the 18th century.

More Attractions

  • The landscape park surrounding the castle was created in the second half of the 19th century instead of a moat.
  • The city wall was built at the beginning of the 15th century, the arsenal next to it was built around 1700. It was destroyed in 1945 and rebuilt in 1960 with reconstruction of the battlements.
  • On the Ring (Polish Rynek ) there are several town houses with baroque facades.
  • The statue of St. Florian was originally erected in 1717. In 1906 the statue was demolished and an exact replica was replaced. The statue is four meters high and is made of Bunzlau sandstone.
  • The former royal district office was built in 1873 on the former Neisser Straße.

Town twinning

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Personalities who have worked on site

local community

The town-and-country community (gmina miejsko-wiejska) Niemodlin is divided into the eponymous town and 27 villages with school boards.

traffic

The city is on Landesstraße 46 .

Your station was on the 1996 disused railway line Szydłów – Lipowa Śląska (German line Schiedlow – Falkenberg (Oberschles.) - German Leippe ).

literature

Web links

Commons : Niemodlin  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Heinrich Adamy: The Silesian place names their origin and meaning . Verlag von Priebotsch's Buchhandlung, Breslau 1888, p. 10.
  2. ↑ a b Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, towns, cities and other places of the royal family. Preuss. Province of Silesia. Breslau 1845, pp. 812-813.
  3. ↑ Cf. Felix Triest: Topographisches Handbuch von Oberschlesien , Breslau 1865, p. 1125
  4. ↑ a b Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 6, Leipzig / Vienna 1906, pp. 292-293, item 3 .
  5. ^ Kruszewski, Tomasz: Partia Narodowosocjalistyczna na Śląsku w latach (NSDAP in Silesia in the years) 1933-1945, Breslau 1995.
  6. ↑ Pictures and information about the evangelical church Niemodlin (Polish)
  7. ↑ CIS 2011: Ludność w miejscowościach statystycznych według ekonomicznych grup wieku ( XLSX file, Polish), March 31, 2011, accessed on July 2, 2019
  8. ↑ a b c d e f Friedrich Gottlob Leonhardi : Earth Description of the Prussian Monarchy , Volume 3, Part 1, Halle 1792, p. 23.
  9. ↑ Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 1: A – F , Halle 1821 p. 359, item 92 .
  10. ↑ Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, spots, cities and other places of the royal family. Prussia. Province of Silesia, including the Margraviate of Upper Lusatia, which now belongs entirely to the province, and the County of Glatz; together with the attached evidence of the division of the country into the various branches of civil administration. Melcher, Breslau 1830, p. 922 .
  11. ^ Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, spots, cities and other places of the royal family. Preusz. Province of Silesia. 2nd Edition. Graß, Barth and Comp., Breslau 1845, pp. 812-813 .
  12. ↑ a b Felix Triest : Topographisches Handbuch von Oberschlesien , Wilh. Gottl. Korn, Breslau 1865, p. 1124, number 1 .
  13. ^ A b Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manor districts of the province of Silesia and their population. Based on the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. Berlin 1874, pp. 390–391, item 1 .
  14. ^ Gustav Neumann : The German Empire in geographical, statistical and topographical relation . Volume 2, GFO Müller, Berlin 1874, pp. 171-172, paragraph 4 .
  15. ↑ a b c M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)
  16. ↑ gemeindeververzeichnis.de
  17. ↑ a b c Heimatverein des Kreis Falkenberg O / S: Heimatbuch des Kreis Falkenberg in Oberschlesien. Scheinfeld, 1971. pp. 63-120