Adolf Tortilowicz from Batocki-Friebe

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Adolf von Batocki

Adolf Tortilowicz von Batocki-Friebe (born July 31, 1868 at Bledau Castle near Cranz , Königsberg district ; † May 22, 1944 at Gut Wosegau near Cranz) was a large German landowner and politician in East Prussia . As an administrative lawyer, he was twice President and 1916/17 President of the War Food Office. After the war he was considered the "father of the country". He was a legal knight of the Order of St. John and sat in the Prussian mansion from 1910.

Life

Tortilowicz von Batocki-Friebe came from a family resident in Prussian Lithuania and was the eldest son of Otto Tortilowicz von Batocki-Friebe (1835–1890), born Otto Gerth, royal Prussian chamberlain and Fideikommissherr at Bledau Castle, who joined the Prussian nobility in 1857 had been raised, and his wife Fanny geb. Countess von Keyserlingk (1841-1919). His youngest brother was Hugo Tortilowicz von Batocki-Friebe , district administrator in the Tuchel district.

School time and studies

At the Königsberg Collegium Fridericianum Batocki made the best high school diploma since the introduction of the school leaving examination there. He then began to study law at the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität in Bonn . In 1886 he became active in the Corps Borussia Bonn . As an inactive , he moved to the Kaiser-Wilhelms-Universität in Strasbourg and then to the local Albertus-Universität Königsberg .

Civil service

After graduating, he entered the Prussian judicial and administrative service. In 1889 he became a trainee lawyer in Falkenberg , Upper Silesia , but soon returned to Königsberg i. Pr. Where he became a government trainee in 1892 and a government assessor in 1895 . He then managed his father's castle and estate Bledau. From 1900 to 1907 he was district administrator of the Königsberg district. In 1907 the East Prussian Chamber of Agriculture elected him chairman (until 1914). He sat in the German Agriculture Council , in the State Economics College and from 1909 on the Immediatkommission for administrative reform.

First World War

In October 1914, the Crown of Prussia appointed him Upper President in East Prussia . After the Russian offensive on East Prussia was repulsed in the summer of 1914 by the 8th Army under Paul von Hindenburg , Batocki was instrumental in the reconstruction of the province. Because of his achievements in this area, Batocki was proposed in 1916 by Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg as the first President (State Secretary) of the newly formed War Food Office . His work in this agency, which lasted until August 1917, earned Batocki the reputation of a dietary dictator. Among his employees in this authority was the later Chancellor Wilhelm Cuno . When he moved to the Mountain War 1915–1918 as Major in the Reserve in August 1917 , Wilhelm von Waldow followed him as President of the War Food Office. Until January 1918 Batocki was the German governor of Udine in Friuli Venezia Giulia . In January 1918 Batocki returned to his former senior presidency. He resigned in June 1919 in protest of the Versailles Peace Treaty . Batocki's employees included the future Minister of the Interior, Wilhelm Freiherr von Gayl , who headed the Homeland Security Department under Batocki. In mid-April 1918 he was ex officio curator of the Albertus University and member of the socialization Commission .

Weimar Republic

Leaflet: "East Prussia is cut off from the empire" (1919)

After the November Revolution, he proposed the Eastern State Plan in December 1918 . According to this, West Prussia , East Prussia and the Netzedistrikt were to be combined into a temporarily independent state. From mid-1919 he managed his own property and made agricultural experiments. In 1919 he was elected to the Provincial Parliament of the Province of East Prussia for the DNVP . In 1921 he was Reich Commissioner for carrying out reconstruction work in the destroyed areas. He was also a founding member of the Institute for East German Economy and a member of the administrative board of the Deutsche Reichsbahn and numerous supervisory boards . In 1928 Batocki was appointed honorary professor of the Philosophical Faculty of Albertus University and again as the university's curator. In the 1920s he became a member of the Federation for the Renewal of Economic Morals and Responsibility. Before the Reich presidential election in 1932 , Batocki campaigned publicly for the re-election of Paul von Hindenburg . Hindenburg's State Secretary Otto Meissner later stated in his memoir that Batocki, along with other great agrarians such as Elard von Oldenburg-Januschau and Hansjoachim von Rohr-Demmin, had used Hindenburg's stays on his Neudeck estate in East Prussia, Hindenburg during private visits against the government's agricultural policy To take Brüning. They had contributed significantly to Hindenburg's decision to withdraw Heinrich Brüning's confidence as Chancellor and thereby overthrow the Brüning government. Walter Görlitz , on the other hand, states that Batocki could not have been involved in such an action because he was not at Gut Neudeck in May 1932. Marion Countess Dönhoff shares this position. Herbert Hömig also contradicts Meissner's assertion and describes Batocki in his Brüning biography as a proponent of Brüning's agricultural policy.

Bledau

Batocki had inherited the Majorat Bledau from his father in 1890, which also included the Wosegau , Nuskern and Wiskiauten estates . Before the First World War, he made the Bledau Castle available to accommodate students from the Königsberg University who could not afford private accommodation. He and his family moved into a smaller house in nearby Wosegau. Bledau burned down twice during Batocki's time and was rebuilt in the neo-baroque style in 1921 on his behalf by the architect Friedrich Franz Graf von Hochberg (1875–1954) . The castle has been preserved and serves as a school and boarding school for deaf children in today's Sosnowka.

family

Batocki married Countess Paula von Kalnein (born November 14, 1871 in Strasbourg; † February 2, 1966 in Wiesbaden), daughter of the royal Prussian chamberlain and captain Karl Graf von Kalnein, on March 4, 1898 at Gut Kilgis ( Preußisch Eylau district ), Obermarschall in the Kingdom of Prussia and entertainer on Gut Kilgis, and his wife Ada geb. Countess zu Eulenburg zu Liebenberg .

The couple Adolf and Paula von Batocki had four children:

  • Otto (1899–1918), killed on foot as a lieutenant in the 1st Guard Regiment
  • Ada (* 1900), owner of the Wosegau estate ⚭ 1926 Johannes-Hugo von Brandt, owner of the Pellen estate , as captain d. R. perished in Soviet captivity
  • Adolf (1903–1944), killed as First Lieutenant d. R., owner of Bledau Castle ⚭ 1929 Christa von Restorff, daughter of Horst von Restorff and his wife Herta geb. from the east from the Jennewitz house
  • Friedrich-Wilhelm (1907–2000), owner of the Wiskiauten estate , attorney, board member of the Herdbuch Society- 1936 Edith Jonas

Honors

Fonts

  • East Prussia's past, present and future , 1915.
  • with Karl Thieß: The price formation in the war 1916.
  • with Paul Burg: East Prussia in Harren and War, in Fall and Victory , 1916.
  • with Rudolf Johannes Gerschmann: Russian as a compulsory subject in higher schools in the eastern provinces , 1918.
  • On the struggle for the fate of East Prussia , 1919.
  • Price of goods and monetary value in the war , 1919.
  • How can the inner settlement and land use be quickly and effectively [...] , 1919.
  • Agriculture conversion , 1920.
  • East Prussia's economic situation before and after the World War , 1920.
  • An end to the forced war economy! 1921.
  • with Werner Friedrich Bruck and Heinrich von Friedberg: State trainee and state assessor , 1927.
  • Prussia, the core of the German constitutional question , 1928.
  • with Gerhard Schack: Population and Economy in East Prussia , 1929.
  • Significance and extent of the improvement in Germany , 1931.
  • with Otto Heinemann and Kurt Stüwe: The importance of agricultural improvement in East Prussia in the context of a general job creation program , Königsberg 1933. GoogleBooks

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Fried von Batocki, Klaus von der Groeben (1998)
  2. ↑ Kösener Corpslisten 1960, 9/707
  3. ^ Bert Becker: Georg Michaelis. Prussian official - Reich Chancellor - Christian Reformer , 2007, p. 310
  4. ^ Spencer Tucker, Priscilla Mary Roberts: World War I. Encyclopedia , 2005, p. 478
  5. ^ Heinrich August Winkler: Workers and Workers Movement in the Weimar Republic 1918-1924 , 1984, p. 224
  6. ↑ Gerhard Schulz: Between Democracy and Dictatorship , p. 268
  7. ^ T. Hunt Tooley: National Identity and Weimar Germany , 1997, p. 135.
  8. ^ Norbert Korfmacher: Provisional list of members of the East Prussian Provincial Parliament 1919 to 1933, 2018, p. 7, digitized .
  9. ^ Christian Schölzel: Walther Rathenau. Eine Biographie , 2006, p. 514
  10. ↑ Alexander Dohna-Schlobitten: Memories of an old East Prussia , 1989, p. 170.
  11. ^ Walter Görlitz: The Junkers. Nobility and Peasants in the German East , 1964, p. 380.
  12. ^ Herbert Hömig: Brüning. Chancellor in the crisis of the republic. Eine Weimarer Biographie , 2000, p. 795.
personal data
SURNAME Tortilowicz from Batocki-Friebe, Adolf
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Batocki, Adolf von; Tortilowicz by Batocki-Friebe, Max Johann Otto Adolf (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German administrative lawyer and politician, senior president in East Prussia
DATE OF BIRTH July 31, 1868
PLACE OF BIRTH Bledau Castle near Cranz , Königsberg i. Pr.
DATE OF DEATH May 22, 1944
Place of death Gut Wosegau near Cranz , Samland district