Tiger flowers

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Tiger flowers
Real tiger flower (Tigridia pavonia), wild form in the habitat in Tamaulipas

Real tiger flower ( Tigridia pavonia ), wild form in the habitat in Tamaulipas

Systematics
Class : Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
Monocots
Order : Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family : Iris family (Iridaceae)
Subfamily : Iridoideae
Genre : Tiger flowers
Scientific name
Tigridia
Yuss.

The Tiger Flower ( Tigridia ), and tiger lilies or peacocks lilies called, are a genus within the family of the Iridaceae (Iridaceae). The 45 to 59 species are common in the Neotropic .

Description and ecology

Illustration of Tigridia immaculata

Tigridia species grow as perennial, herbaceous plants . As persistence organs, they form tubers with a covering ("tunic"). At least the Central American species have leaves only in summer. The fan-shaped, simple leaves are flat and have parallel veins. The leaf margin is smooth.

The monochasial inflorescences are fan (Rhipidium). The hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and threefold. There are two circles with three bracts each; those of the inner circle are smaller. The colors of the bracts range from white to yellow to orange or pink; they often have spots (common name!). There is only one circle with three fertile stamens . The stamens are fused along their entire length. Three carpels have become an under constant ovary grown. There are three free pens available. The species that were earlier in the genus Rigidella are pollinated by hummingbirds . Tigridia in the traditional sense has oil flowers .

Triple capsule fruits are formed.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 28.

Systematics and distribution

The genus Tigridia was named Antoine-Laurent de Jussieu in Genera Plantarum , p. 57 in 1789. The type species is Tigridia pavonia (L. f.) DC.

The genus Tigridia belongs to the tribe Tigridieae in the subfamily Iridoideae within the family Iridaceae . The species of the earlier genera Ainea Ravenna , Cardiostigma Baker , Colima , Fosteria Molseed , Rigidella Lindl. , Sessilanthera Molseed & Cruden are now part of Tigridia . More synonyms for Tigridia Juss. are: Beatonia Herb. , Hydrotaenia Lindl. , Pardinia Herb.

Tigridia species are only common in the Neotropics . They occur from Mexico via Guatemala to El Salvador and from Bolivia via Ecuador to northern Chile and Peru . In Mexico there are about 36 species and six subspecies, of which there are 29 species and the six subspecies only there.

Tigridia hallbergii
The 'Canariensis' variety of the real tiger flower ( Tigridia pavonia )
The cultivar 'Alba Grandiflora' of the real tiger flower ( Tigridia pavonia )
Tigridia vanhouttei

There are around 45 to 59 species of Tigridia :

  • Tigridia albicans Ravenna : It occurs only in the southernmost Peruvian region of Tacna .
  • Tigridia alpestris Molseed : There are two subspecies:
    • Tigridia alpestris Molseed subsp. alpestris : It is widespread in central and northeastern Mexico.
    • Tigridia alpestris subsp. obtusa Molseed : It only occurs in the Mexican state of Michoacán .
  • Tigridia amatlanensis Aarón Rodr. & García-Mend. : It wasfirst describedin 2004 from the Mexican state of Oaxaca .
  • Tigridia arequipensis Montesinos, A.Pauca & Revilla : It was first described from Peru in 2016.
  • Tigridia augusta Drapiez : It is common in Mexico.
  • Tigridia bicolor Molseed : It is common in southwestern Mexico.
  • Tigridia catarinensis Cruden : It occurs only in the Mexican state of San Luis Potosí .
  • Tigridia chiapensis Molseed ex Cruden : It occurs only in the Mexican state of Chiapas .
  • Tigridia chrysantha Cruden & SJWalker ex McVaugh : It only occurs in the Mexican state of Jalisco .
  • Tigridia citrina (Cruden) Goldblatt : It occurs in Mexico.
  • Tigridia coerulea gold leaf : It occurs in Mexico.
  • Tigridia convoluta (Ravenna) gold leaf : It is common in southwestern Mexico.
  • Tigridia conzattii (RCFoster) Goldblatt : It occurs only in the Mexican state of Oaxaca.
  • Tigridia dugesii S. Watson : It is common in Mexico.
  • Tigridia durangensis Molseed ex Cruden : It occurs only in the Mexican state of Durango .
  • Tigridia ehrenbergii (Schltdl.) Molseed : There are two subspecies:
    • Tigridia ehrenbergii (Schltdl.) Molseed subsp. ehrenbergii : It is common in Mexico.
    • Tigridia ehrenbergii subsp. flaviglandifera Cruden : It occurs only in the Mexican state of San Luis Potosí.
  • Tigridia estelae López-Ferr. & Espejo : It only occurs in the Mexican state of Durango.
  • Tigridia flammea (Lindl.) Ravenna : It occurs only in the southern part of the Mexican state Michoacán .
  • Tigridia fosteri gold leaf : It occurs in Mexico.
  • Tigridia galanthoides Molseed : It is common in Mexico.
  • Tigridia gracielae Aarón Rodr. & Ortiz-Cat. : This endemic, first described in 2003, is only known from its type locality in the Mexican state of México . It thrives in the shady herb layer of fir and pine forests at an altitude of close to 3000 meters. The clay-like soil is black and rich in organic matter. The population consists of many scattered specimens.
  • Tigridia hallbergii Molseed : There are two subspecies:
    • Tigridia hallbergii Molseed subsp. hallbergii : It is distributed from southern Mexico to Guatemala .
    • Tigridia hallbergii subsp. lloydii Cruden : It is common in central Mexico.
  • Tigridia heliantha (Ravenna) gold leaf : It occurs in central and southern Mexico.
  • Tigridia hintonii Molseed : It occurs only in the Mexican state of Guerrero .
  • Tigridia huajuapanensis Molseed ex Cruden : It is common in Mexico.
  • Tigridia huyanae (JFMacbr.) Ravenna : It occurs only in the Peruvian region of Lima .
  • Tigridia unbekanntcebrosa Cruden : It is common in Mexico.
  • Tigridia immaculata (Herb.) Ravenna : It is distributed from the Mexican states of Oaxaca and Chiapas to Guatemala.
  • Tigridia inusitata (Cruden) Ravenna : It occurs only in the Mexican state of Guerrero.
  • Tigridia latifolia (Weath.) Goldblatt : It occurs from the Mexican state of Guerrero to Guatemala.
  • Tigridia longispatha (Herb.) Goldblatt : It occurs in central and southwestern Mexico.
  • Tigridia mariaetrinitatis Espejo & López-Ferr. : It only occurs in the Mexican state of Oaxaca.
  • Tigridia martinezii Calderón : It occurs only in the Mexican state of Hidalgo.
  • Tigridia matudae Molseed : It is common in central Mexico.
  • Tigridia meleagris (Lindl.) G.Nicholson (Syn .: Tigridia lobata (Herb.) JFMacbr. , Tigridia versicolor (S.Watson) Ravenna , Hydrotaenia meleagris Lindl. , Hydrotaenia lobata Herb. , Nemastylis triflora Herb. , Nemastylis versicolor S. Watson , Nemastylis brunnea S. Watson , Chlamydostylus cernuus Baker , Chlamydostylus triflorus (Herb.) Baker , Eustylis triflora (Herb.) Ravenna ): It is distributed from Mexico to Guatemala.
  • Tigridia mexicana Molseed : There are three subspecies:
    • Tigridia mexicana subsp. lilacina Molseed : It occurs in the Mexican state of Jalisco.
    • Tigridia mexicana Molseed subsp. mexicana : It occurs in central and southwestern Mexico.
    • Tigridia mexicana subsp. passiflora Molseed : It occurs in the Mexican states of Nayarit and Jalisco .
  • Tigridia minuta Ravenna : It occurs in the Peruvian regions of Apurímac and Ayacucho .
  • Tigridia molseediana Ravenna : It occurs in the Mexican state of Oaxaca and in Guatemala.
  • Tigridia mortonii Molseed : It occurs in central Mexico.
  • Tigridia multiflora (Baker) Ravenna : It occurs in Mexico.
  • Tigridia oaxacana (Molseed) Goldblatt : It occurs in the Mexican state of Oaxaca .
  • Tigridia orthantha (Lem.) Ravenna : It occurs in Guatemala and in the Mexican states of Oaxaca and Chiapas.
  • Real tiger flower ( Tigridia pavonia (L. f.) DC. , Syn .: Ferraria pavonia L. f. , Moraea pavonia (Lf) Thunb. , Vieusseuxia pavonia (L. f.) DC. , Tigridia grandiflora Salisb. Nom. Superfl ., Moraea tigridia (Sims) Baker , Sisyrinchium grandiflorum Cav. , Moraea grandiflora (Cav.) Pers. , Tigridia conchiflora Sweet , Tigridia oxypetala R.Morris , Tigridia speciosa Poit. , Tigridia pavonia var. Conchiflora (Sweet) Baker , Tigridia ligridia Link, Klotzsch & Otto , Beatonia lutea (Link, Klotzsch & Otto) Klatt , Beatonia grandiflora (Cav.) Klatt , Tigridia pringlei S. Watson , Tigridia grandiflora (Cav.) Diels nom. Illeg.): It is from Mexico to Honduras spread.
  • Tigridia pearcei (Baker) Ravenna : It occurs only in the Peruvian region of Huánuco .
  • Tigridia philippiana I.M.Johnst. : It occurs in the Chilean provinces of Antofagasta and Tarapacá .
  • Tigridia potosina López-Ferr. & Espejo : The species first described in 2002 occurs in the Mexican state of San Luis Potosí .
  • Tigridia pugana Aarón Rodr. & Ortiz-Cat. : The species first described in 2006 occurs in the Mexican state of Jalisco .
  • Tigridia pulchella B.L.Rob. : It occurs in the Mexican states of Jalisco and Michoacán .
  • Tigridia purpusii Molseed : It occurs in the Mexican state of Puebla.
  • Tigridia purruchucana (Herb.) Ravenna : It occurs only in the Peruvian region of Lima.
  • Tigridia raimondii Ravenna : It occurs only in the Peruvian region of Arequipa .
  • Tigridia rzedowskiana Aarón Rodr. & Ortiz-Cat. : It occurs only in the northwest of the Mexican state of Querétaro.
  • Tigridia seleriana (Loes.) Ravenna : It occurs from Guatemala to the Mexican states of Oaxaca and Chiapas.
  • Tigridia suarezii Aarón Rodr. & Ortiz-Cat. : The species first described in 2005 occurs in the Mexican state of Jalisco.
  • Tigridia tepoxtlana Ravenna : It occurs in the Mexican state of Morelos.
  • Tigridia tuitensis (Aarón Rodr. & Ortiz-Cat.) Goldblatt : It occurs in the Mexican state of Jalisco.
  • Tigridia vanhouttei (Baker) Espejo & López-Ferr. : There are two subspecies:
    • Tigridia vanhouttei subsp. roldanii Molseed : It occurs in the Mexican state of Hidalgo.
    • Tigridia vanhouttei (Baker) Espejo & López-Ferr. subsp. van-houttei : It occurs in northeastern and central Mexico.
  • Tigridia venusta Cruden : It occurs in the northeast of the Mexican state Michoacán.
  • Tigridia violacea Schiede ex Schltdl. : It occurs in central and southwestern Mexico.

use

Varieties of the real tiger flower ( Tigridia pavonia ) are used as ornamental plants . The tubers of this type are eaten cooked and then taste like sweet potatoes . It doesn't taste good raw.

swell

  • Peter Goldblatt , John C. Manning: Tigridia. In: The Iris Family: Natural History and Classification. Timber Press, Portland 2008, ISBN 978-0-88192-897-6 , pp. 253-256.
  • JE Henrich, Peter Goldblatt: Iridaceae. In: G. Davidse, M. Sousa & AQ Charter: Flora Mesoamericana: Alismataceae a Cyperaceae. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Missouri Botanical Garden and The Natural History Museum, Volume 6, México 1994, pp. 71-80. Tigridia at Tropicos.org. In: Flora Mesoamericana . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis

Individual evidence

  1. ^ JE Henrich, Peter Goldblatt: Tigridia at Tropicos.org. In: Flora Mesoamericana . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  2. ^ Tigridia at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  3. ↑ Jussieu scanned in 1789 at biodiversitylibrary.org .
  4. ^ Tigridia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed October 14, 2014.
  5. ^ A b Tigridia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved October 14, 2014.
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Tigridia. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved July 25, 2018.
  7. ^ A b Aarón Rodríguez, Luis Ortiz-Catedral: Tigridia gracielae (Tigridieae: Iridaceae), A New Species From Mexico. In: Acta Botanica Mexicana , Volume 64, 2003, pp. 31-36: Volltext-online.
  8. ↑ entry in the pacific bulbsociety.
  9. ↑ a b c d e f g Tigridia at Tropicos.org. In: Peru Checklist . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  10. ^ Tigridia pavonia at Plants For A Future

Web links

Commons : Tiger Flowers  - Collection of images, videos and audio files