Pushkin (city)
city
Pushkin
Пушкин
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List of cities in Russia |
Pushkin ( Russian Пушкин ; until 1918 Царское Село , Tsarskoje Selo (Tsar's Village), until 1937 Детское Село , Detskoje Selo (Children's Village)) is a city 25 km south of Saint Petersburg . Since 1998 it has been under the municipal administration of Saint Petersburg, the urban Pushkin Raion has a population of 92,889 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010).
description
Tsarskoye Selo is one of the most beautiful residential ensembles in the world and represents a unique symbiosis of palaces and parks. The most important sights are the Pushkin Museum, the former summer residence of the Russian tsars , the Catherine Palace , the former main residence of the tsar in the Alexander Palace , a multitude of castles and pavilions as well as the city center of the residential city. The Tsarskoye Selo ensemble was included in the UNESCO list of World Cultural and Natural Heritage in 1990.
history
The area of the later summer residence, an older aristocratic estate, was after the annexation of Ingermanland by Russia from 1707 as Sarskaja Mysa (previously Swedish Saritzhof ) in the possession of Menshikov , a favorite of Tsar Peter I. As early as 1710, the Tsar forced him to acquire the extensive property to be transferred to his secret wife Katharina Alexejewna . As a result, Sarskoye Selo came to the palace lands . Even before her accession to the throne, while Peter was still alive, Katharina laid a wreath of villages around the manor house and built a small, stone palace. The estate and palace buildings flourished under the government of Empress Elisabeth , who decided in 1752 to have Rastrelli expand Sarskoje Selo into her favorite residence. Rastrelli designed the summer palace in the Russian rococo style , a mixture of Italian baroque and French rocaille . In honor of Empress Elisabeth's mother, Catherine I, the palace, completed in 1756, was named "Katharinenpalais".
Even Catherine II. Resided here rather than in Pavlovsk with its strictly regulated court life. She expanded the palace buildings, the estate and the parks. She commissioned Charles Cameron with the interior decoration of her private apartments and the construction of a gallery in the landscape garden. Even under their government, people spoke and wrote of Tsarskoye Selo, Tsar's village, but until 1808 the place was officially called Sarskoye Selo (Са́рское Село́). To the south of the river Kuzminka, across from her park, Katharina had the district town of Sophia built, named after her original first name.
In 1773 the Treaty of Tsarskoe Selo was signed here , with which the Romanovs renounced their property in Holstein in favor of Denmark .
The palace complex and estate experienced an iconoclasm when Paul I came to power in 1796. It was not until 1808 that Alexander I finished the desolation of the castles and the estate by resettlement, merging with the city of Sophia and the construction of numerous new buildings, whereby he was the architect Stasov preferred. Alexander and his successors resided in Tsarskoye Selo even in winter.
Between St. Petersburg and Tsarskoye Selo, the Tsarskoye Selo Railway, the first railway line in Russia with a length of 27 km and a gauge of 1829 mm, was built and operated in 1834-1838 . The responsible construction manager was the Austrian Franz Anton von Gerstner . Since the time of Alexander, the place had developed into a popular summer stay for the better-off Petersburg society.
During the Second World War , after the attack by the German Wehrmacht on the Soviet Union, Soviet air raids on the suburbs of Berlin were carried out from the air force base in Pushkin between August and September 1941 ( Soviet air raids on Berlin ), from September 17, 1941 to January 24, 1944 City, however, occupied by the German Wehrmacht . The almost complete destruction of the palaces by the war was gradually removed through reconstruction. The Amber Room was located in the Katharinenpalast until October 1941 , when it was transported to Königsberg by the Wehrmacht occupation troops - towards the end of the war its trace is lost there. Since 1976, work has been carried out on a faithful replica of the Amber Room, which was opened to the public in 2003 in the Catherine Palace. A Lenin monument was looted by German soldiers in 1943 and was brought to Eisleben im Mansfeld to be melted down. Due to technical problems, the "Lenin" was saved from melting and in July 1945, after the US occupation forces had withdrawn from Eisleben, before the Red Army marched in, it was hoisted onto a plinth made of railway sleepers. The memorial stayed there until December 9, 1991, when it came to the German Historical Museum in Berlin on permanent loan.
Population development
year | Residents |
---|---|
1897 | 22,480 |
1939 | 56,136 |
1959 | 45,562 |
1970 | 79,089 |
1979 | 89,601 |
1989 | 95,415 |
2002 | 84,628 |
2010 | 92,889 |
Note: census data
sons and daughters of the town
- Yuri Fedorowitsch Lapchinsky (1887–1937), Bolshevik politician and one of the founders and leaders of Ukrainian national communism
- Sergei Mironov (* 1953), politician
- Alexander von Patkul (1817–1877), infantry general
- Hans von Prittwitz (1833–1880), Imperial Russian Major General à la suite of Tsar Alexander II.
- Georgi Alexandrowitsch Romanow (1871–1899), the third son of Alexander III. , Tsar of Russia, and his wife Maria Fjodorovna, b. Princess Dagmar of Denmark
- Katharina Pawlowna Romanowa (1788–1819), Queen of Württemberg
Twin cities
City partnerships:
Neukoelln district of Berlin , Germany | |
Zerbst / Anhalt , Germany ( Saxony-Anhalt ) | |
Versailles , France | |
Rethymno , Greece | |
Mantua , Italy |
City friendships:
Frankenthal , Germany ( Rhineland-Palatinate ) |
See also
- Lyceum Tsarskoye Selo - elite school of Tsarist Russia in Tsarskoye Selo (1811–1844)
literature
- S. v. Wiltschkowski: Tsarskoye Sselo. Printed on the orders of the head of the palace administration , printed by Meisenbach Riffarth, Berlin-Schöneberg o. J. [1911]
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)