Turbinicarpus

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Turbinicarpus
Turbinicarpus alonsoi habit and flower.

Turbinicarpus alonsoi
habit and flower .

Systematics
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Cactus family (Cactaceae)
Subfamily : Cactoideae
Tribe : Cacteae
Genre : Turbinicarpus
Scientific name
Turbinicarpus
( Backeb. ) Buxb. & Backeb.

Turbinicarpus a genus of plants from the cactus family(Cactaceae). The botanical name of the genus is derived from the Latin word turbo for "vortex", "spinning top" and the Greek word καρπός karpos for "fruit". He refers to the shape of the fruit.

description

The species of the genus Turbinicarpus remain small, usually grow spherical and rarely branch. They usually have a beet root. Ribs are absent or are dissolved into clearly visible, usually low, rounded, rarely conical, humps. On the tips of the cusps there are often white woolly areoles from which a few, mostly flexible and non-piercing or short and close-fitting thorns arise.

The flowers appearing near the shoot tip open during the day and are white to pink or magenta. Your pericarpel is bare or covered with a few scales in the upper part.

The topical to spherical or elongated fruits tear open lengthways . They contain black, bumpy, 1 to 1.5 millimeter long seeds with a large hilum .

Systematics, distribution and endangerment

The genus Turbinicarpus is common in Mexico in the states of San Luis Potosí , Querétaro , Hidalgo , Nuevo León and Guanajuato , where they grow on limestone or gypsum rocks. All species of the genus are threatened by illegal collection and are therefore listed in Appendix I of the Washington Convention on the Protection of Species .

The genus was first described by Curt Backeberg in 1936 as a subgenus to Strombocactus and raised to the genus rank in 1937. Type species is Echinocactus schmiedickeanus . The genus Turbinicarpus includes the following species and hybrids:

  • Section Rapicactus Buxb. & Oehme
    • Turbinicarpus beguinii (NPTaylor) Mosco & Zanov.
      • Turbinicarpus beguinii subsp. beguinii
      • Turbinicarpus beguinii subsp. hintoniorum
    • Turbinicarpus mandragora (Frič ex A.Berger) ADZimmerman
      • Turbinicarpus mandragora subsp. mandragora
      • Turbinicarpus mandragora subsp. booleanus
      • Turbinicarpus mandragora subsp. pailanus
      • Turbinicarpus mandragora subsp. subterraneus
      • Turbinicarpus mandragora subsp. zaragosae

Synonyms of the genus are Gymnocactus Backeb. , Rapicactus Buxb. & Oehme , Normanbokea Kladiwa & Buxb. , Gymnocactus V. John & Říha , Pseudosolisia Y.Itô , Bravocactus Doweld and Kadenicarpus Doweld

proof

literature

Individual evidence

  1. Cactaceae: Yearbook of the German Cacti Society . Part 1, sheet 27, May 1937
  2. ^ Edward F. Anderson : The great cactus lexicon . Eugen Ulmer KG, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-8001-4573-1 , p. 628-636 .
  3. Davide Donati, Carlo Zanovello: Conoscere, capire, coltivare i Turbinicarpus-Rapicactus . Cactus Trentino Sudtirol, 2004, ISBN 8890139102 , p. 184.
  4. Daniel Labhart: A new subspecies of Turbinicarpus viereckii (Werderm.) John & Říha: T. viereckii subsp. reconditus D. Labhart subsp. nov. In: Piante Grasse . Volume 32, Number 1, 2012, pp. 2-6.
  5. ^ F. Matuszewski, GF Matuszewski, V. Myšák: Turbinicarpus graminispinus sp. nova . In: Cactus & Co. Volume 14, Number 4, February 2011, pp. 19-31.
  6. Zlatko Janeba: A new jewel in the genus Turbinicarpus: Turbinicarpus graminispinus GFMatuszewski, V. Myšák & Z.Jiruse. In: CactusWorld. Volume 29, Number 2, June 2011, pp. 65-68. online PDF

further reading

  • Davide Donati, Carlo Zanovello: Turbinicarpus - Rapicactus . Cactus Trentino, South Tyrol 2005, ISBN 88-901391-2-9 .
  • Anton Hofer: Turbinicarpus - Endangered Gemstones from Mexico . Special edition Deutsche Kakteen-Gesellschaft eV, Adelsdorf 2013.
  • JM Lüthy: The Turbinicarpus mandragora complex . In: Bradleya . Volume 19, 2001, pp. 19-54.
  • JM Lüthy: Further comments on Turbinicarpus and a key to species . In: Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives , Volume 14, 2002, pp. 21-25.
  • Alessandro Mosco: Micro-morphology and anatomy of Turbinicarpus (Cactaceae) spines . In: Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad . 2009, pp. 119–128 ( PDF ).
  • Manuel Sotomayor et al. (Grupo San Luis): The genus Turbinicarpus in San Luis Potosi . CACTUS & Co. libri, Tradate 2004, ISBN 88-900511-6-7 .
  • Monserrat Vázquez-Sánchez, Daniel Sánchez, Teresa Terrazas, Alejandro De La Rosa-Tilapa, Salvador Arias: Polyphyly of the iconic cactus genus Turbinicarpus (Cactaceae) and its generic circumscription . In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society . Volume 190, No. 4, 2019, pp. 405-420 ( doi: 10.1093 / botlinnean / boz027 ).
  • Milan Zachar, Roman Staník, Alexander Lux, Igor Dráb: Rod Turbinicarpus / The genus Turbinicarpus / The genus Turbinicarpus . Vydavatel′stvo Roman Staník, Bratislava 1996.
  • Milan Zachar: The Genus Turbinicarpus . 2004, ISBN 80-85441-23-3 .

Web links

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