Administrative division of Albania

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Italien Griechenland Nordmazedonien Serbien Kosovo Montenegro Bosnien und Herzegowina Kroatien Qark Shkodra Qark Kukës Qark Lezha Qark Durrës Qark Dibra Qark Tirana Qark Elbasan Qark Fier Qark Korça Qark Berat Qark Vlora Qark Gjirokastra
Geographical division of the qarqe

The administrative structure of Albania ( Albanian  Njësitë administrative e Shqipërisë ) consists of two levels in accordance with Article 1 of Law No. 115/2014 of July 31, 2014:

history

Before the Second World War there were ten prefectures and 30 sub-prefectures ( Albanian  nënprefekturë ) in Albania . During communist rule there were repeated changes in the administrative structure; the most important were: the country was divided into 26 districts in 1947 ( Albanian  rrethe ), return to the ten qarqe with 39 districts in 1953, reorganization into four qarqe with 34 districts in 1956. From 1967 to 1991 there were only 26 districts without superordinate administrative unit, the majority of which corresponded to the historical and geographical areas.

After the democratic change in 1991, ten more were added to the previous 26 districts. In addition, twelve prefectures were set up.

With the new constitution from 1998, a  nominal twelve Qarqe were created in place of the criticized prefectures to decentralize the administration . The qarqe are geographically identical to the prefectures and were officially established by law from 2000. The 36 circles since then have no administrative function, but were still partly for statistical or organizational divisions.

In the summer of 2014, parliament decided to reform the municipal structure. This envisaged a significant reduction in the number of cities and municipalities: instead of 373 there are only 61 municipalities. This should enable more efficient local administration and reduce the size differences between the municipalities. Many rural communities were very small and financially weak. Three of the new communities took into account the settlement areas of ethnic minorities. The opposition boycotted the vote and said the reform was not constitutional. After the determination of the new authorities (mayor, municipal councils) in the municipal elections on June 21, 2015 , the new municipalities were able to start their work. The community form of the Komuna was abolished. In total, the 308 communities (komuna) counted around 2962 villages. The municipalities (bashkia) amounted to 65. The old bashkie and komune mostly form administrative units (njesia administrative) within the new bashkie .

Tasks and composition of the individual levels

The Qark councils are composed of the mayors of all municipalities in this area. They are responsible for certain tasks of the local administration, which are described in the Act on the Organization and Function of Local Administration from the year 2000. The local administrations are financially heavily dependent on the central government. This also appoints the prefects who act as the supervisory body of the government in each Qark and take care of the non-delegated tasks of local business.

Although the districts have been relieved of their administrative duties and abolished, they are still omnipresent in everyday life in Albania. Because, in contrast to the higher-level Qarqe, the districts correspond to the traditional regions (e.g. Mirdita, Dibra, Mat, Has, Tropoja, Kolonja, Skrapar) or the cities with their traditional catchment area ( e.g. Tirana , Elbasan , Librazhd , Gramsh , Gjirokastra ) . The old, but partly still used, license plates and the list of ISO 3166-2 codes for Albania are still divided into circles.

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Michael Schmidt-Neke : domestic policy . In: Klaus-Detlev Grothusen (Hrsg.): Albanien (=  Südosteuropa-Handbuch ). tape VII . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1993, ISBN 3-525-36207-2 , pp. 61 .
  2. ^ A b Rudina Toto: Decentralization and Analysis of Government Functions: National, Regional and Local - Draft Report . October 20, 2009 ( online version of the document (PDF) ). Online version of the document (PDF) ( Memento of the original from April 18, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.logincee.org
  3. ↑ Article 108 of the Constitution
  4. ^ Parliament adopts law on Administrative and Territorial Division. In: Reforma Administrative Territoriale. July 31, 2014, accessed January 10, 2016 .
  5. ↑ Besar Likmeta: Albania Passes Landmark territorial reform. In: Balkan Insight . August 1, 2014, accessed August 12, 2014 .
  6. ↑ 373 Komuna e Bashkia, Shqipëria sa Kina!… In: Shqip . September 19, 2010, archived from the original on October 3, 2011 ; Retrieved October 16, 2011 (Albanian).