Vidnavské Fojtství

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Vidnavské Fojtství
Vidnavské Fojtství does not have a coat of arms
Vidnavské Fojtství (Czech Republic)
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Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Olomoucký kraj
District : Jeseník
Municipality : Vidnava
Geographic location : 50 ° 22 '  N , 17 ° 11'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 22 '12 "  N , 17 ° 11' 14"  E
Height: 233  m nm
Residents :
Postal code : 790 55
License plate : M.
traffic
Street: Vidnava - Stará Červená Voda
Vidnava Castle

Vidnavské Fojtství (German Weidenau Vogtei ) is a locality in the city of Vidnava in the Czech Republic . It is located immediately south of Vidnava and belongs to the Okres Jeseník .

geography

Vidnavské Fojtství is located near the Polish border in the Vidnavská nížina ( Weidenauer Basin ).

Neighboring towns are Vidnava and Krasov in the north, Nadziejów ( Naasdorf ) and Kijów ( Kaindorf ) in the northeast, Jarnołtów ( Dürr Arnsdorf ) in the east, the Johanka desert in the southeast, Dolní Červená Voda and Štachlovice in the south, Habina ( Habichtbaude ), Nová Malá Kraš and Velká Kraš in the southwest and Dolní Předměstí ( Niedervorstadt ) and Fojtova Kraš in the west.

history

The first written record of the Bailiwick Wydna took place in 1291 in a confirmation deed of Wroclaw Prince Bishop Thomas II. On the Rights of the first Vogts and city founder Rüdiger Heldore. As his seat, Heldore had a fortress built outside the city . The Bailiwick was one of the most important in the Principality of Neisse at that time ; 58 localities in a wide area were subject to their jurisdiction. During the construction of the city fortifications, the Weidenau Vogtei was integrated into the city wall southwest of the fortified church. The fortress was first mentioned in 1371 when the Bailiwick was sold to Jan von Byzan and Šimek von Kalkau. Later the Weidenau Bailiwick lost some of its privileges.

In 1420 the Weidenau Vogt Šimek von Kalkau was the court lord of 27 villages; Some of the previously associated places had been withdrawn from Weidenau jurisdiction, some had expired or merged with others. When the Hussites invaded the town on March 20, 1428, the bailiwick and the city were conquered and destroyed. Šimek's daughter Barbara married Augustin Speil von Kalkau in 1434 , who is known to be Weidenauer Vogt until 1468. During the Bohemian-Hungarian War, the fortress was destroyed again in 1468 during the siege by the troops of George of Podebrady . In 1470, Prince-Bishop Rudolf von Rüdesheim pledged the ruined bailiwick to the castellan Meynholt von Ottmachau . In 1472 the bailiwick was declared an episcopal sword and landed manor. The bailiff's task was to administer the entrusted episcopal property. The Bailiwick of Weidenau remained with the castellan's family Meynholt until 1497, after which the diocese redeemed the pledge and enfeoffed Heinrich von Tettau with Weidenau. In 1498 he asked Prince Bishop Johannes Roth to reduce his taxes because of the still completely desolate state of the bailiwick. In 1506 Hanns von Nimptsch was enfeoffed with Weidenau; The city of Weidenau was separated and declared as an independent community to the episcopal protection city.

In 1512, Prince-Bishop Johannes V. Thurzo granted Vogt Wolfram Schoff, as Kunkellehn, inheritance rights for his female descendants. From 1552 the bailiwick belonged to the possessions of the city of Weidenau. In 1559 the merchant Joachim Reideburg acquired the bailiwick from the city and had the old fortress redesigned into a renaissance castle. The next owner was his son Joachim von Reideburg and Lorenzdorf, who bequeathed the estate to his son Caspar in 1612. In 1640 Caspar von Reideburg's son-in-law, Matouš Forgaš, took over the bailiwick, which had fallen into ruin as a result of the Thirty Years' War. In 1667, the episcopal chief tax collector Heinrich Hentschel von Gilgenheimb was enfeoffed with the Weidenau bailiwick.

After the partition of Silesia in 1742, the Bailiwick lost most of the rich villages in the Prussian part; the property in Prussian Silesia then only included Schubertskrosse , Schwandorf ( Zwanowice ) and Franzdorf ( Frączków ). In Austrian Silesia , the Bailiwick owned the villages Großkrosse , Kleinkrosse , Voigtskrosse , Haugsdorf , Jungferndorf and shares of Schwarzwasser and Rothwasser . After the state elders' office had been moved from Weidenau to Jägerndorf in 1782 , the knights Hentschel von Gilgenheimb took over the former state estate under the new name Oberhof . At that time Schwandorf and Franzdorf owned the bailiwick in Prussian Silesia. The mining of kaolin began south of the Bailiwick in the 19th century.

In 1836 the Lehnvogtei Weidenau, which belonged to Leopold von Gilgenheimb and is located in the upper suburb, comprised a usable area of ​​221 yokes. The bailiwick included the Oberhof Palace, a newly built Meierhof and 16 subordinate houses. The parish was Alt Rothwasser . The neighboring Sorgau ( Starost ) farm with a sheep farm and a stately bleaching facility for yarn and linen was part of the Nieder Rothwasser estate and was consolidated into the Nieder Rothwasser village. The Vogtei Weidenau remained an independent manor until the middle of the 19th century .

After the abolition of patrimonial formed Weidenau Bailiwick / Vidnavské Vojtství 1849 a municipality in the judicial district Weidenau . In 1869, Weidenau Vogtei was incorporated into Rothwasser / Červená Voda and at the same time assigned to the Freiwaldau district , although it was directly adjacent to the city of Weidenau . At the end of the 19th century the Czech name was changed to Vidnavské fojtství . In 1900 Weidenau Vogtei consisted of 12 houses and had 73 German-speaking residents. In 1906 the Hentschel von Gilgenheimb family sold the castle and bailiwick to the city of Weidenau. In the 1921 census, 69 people lived in the 12 houses of Weidenau Vogtei , including 68 Germans. In 1924, Weidenau Vogtei was changed from Alt Rothwasser to Weidenau. In 1930 Weidenau Vogtei had 185 inhabitants and consisted of 31 houses.

After the Munich Agreement the place was assigned to the German Reich in 1938 and belonged to the Freiwaldau district until 1945 . After the end of the Second World War Vidnavské Fojtství came back to Czechoslovakia; most of the German-speaking residents were expelled in 1945/46 . In 1976 Vidnavské Fojtství lost the status of a district of Vidnava.

Local division

Vidnavské Fojtství is part of the Vidnava cadastral district.

Attractions

  • Vidnava Castle, the fortress built in the middle of the 13th century by Rüdiger Heldore, was transformed into a two-tower Renaissance castle by Joachim Reideburg in the second half of the 16th century. In 1906 the city of Weidenau acquired the castle from the Hentschel von Gilgenheimb family. After that, it served as the seat of the city's property management and residential buildings. In 1933 the city museum and the city archive were moved to the castle. After the end of the Second World War in 1945, the city gave up the use of the castle and for a while it served as a granary. Between 1967 and 1974 the building was renovated as the domicile of the “Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf” art school ( ZUŠ Karla Ditterse Vidnava ), and in 1971 sgraffiti was exposed on the towers .
    • A wall with the late Gothic donkey back portal from the 15th century has been preserved to the west of the castle. Part of the historic city fortifications collapsed in 1758. The northern part of the wall was demolished in 1906. In the former castle garden there is a memorial stone for the victims of both world wars.
    • The estate in the upper part of Niedervorstadt ( house no. 121 ), which has been known as the Vogtei since the middle of the 20th century, was at no time the seat of the Vogtei. It was built in the 18th century as a town house and then only served the Bailiwick as a farmyard.
  • Former seminary and philosophical-theological educational institution, founded in 1899 by Prince-Bishop Georg von Kopp . Construction began in 1899 as a boarding school for the city's high school, but was soon stopped due to financial problems in the city. In 1902 another wing was added to the building. The professors of the institute published their scientific work v. a. in the collection Weidenauer studies . The most famous student was the later Archbishop of Poznan, Jerzy Stroba . From November 1939 the building also served as a prison camp. Initially, 60 Polish prisoners were housed who had to work in the kaolin pits. In 1940, the seminar leaders announced the handover of the building to the Wehrmacht, the further lessons took place in the premises of the Borromäerinnenkloster and were closed on March 19, 1945. In 1940 the building of the Theological Seminary became Oflag VIII G, in which French and English prisoners of war were housed. In total there were about 800 prisoners in the camp. A military hospital was also set up in 1943. After the end of the Second World War, the school building, which was damaged by fire in 1944, initially served as a grain store. In 1949 it was leased to the ČSD as a training center and in 1950 it was taken over by the Czechoslovak Army and converted into a children's rest home. The building has been unused since 1997. In the meantime the building complex has been bought by the state from the Catholic Church and is to be used as a prison.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Reginald Kneifl : Topography of the Kaiser. royal Antheils of Silesia. Zweyther Theil, third volume. Brno 1806, pp. 186-187
  2. ↑ Faustin Ens : The Oppaland or the Opava district, according to its historical, natural history, civic and local peculiarities. Volume 4: Description of the location of the principalities of Jägerndorf and Neisse, Austrian Antheils and the Moravian enclaves in the Troppauer district . Vienna 1837, pp. 297-300, 318-319
  3. ↑ Ottův slovník naučný. Dvacátýšestý díl. Praha: J. Otto, 1907. p. 671. Online version.
  4. ↑ Chytilův místopis ČSR, 2nd updated edition, 1929, p. 280 Fojtovice - Fornosek