Wadjenes

Names of Wadjenes
Cartouche in the list of kings of Abydos with the name "Wadjenes" (detail)
Royal Papyrus Turin (No. II./23)	...... s (badly damaged)
List of Kings of Abydos (Seti I) (No.12)	Wadjenes (Wadj enes) W3ḏ ns With a fresh tongue
Saqqara King List (No.6)	Wadjlas W3ḏ l3s With a fresh tongue
Greek Manetho variants:	Africanus : Οὺτλας / Τλας Eusebius : missing Eusebius, AV : missing

Wadjenes (also written Wadjnes ) is the Greek name of an ancient Egyptian king ( pharaoh ) who is said to have ruled in the 2nd dynasty according to Ramessid king lists . However, since his contemporary name Horus is unknown, modern research has difficulties in classifying Wadjenes chronologically correctly.

Name receipts

Cartouche of Wadjen in the Saqqara list

Wadjenes' name is mostly passed down from the Ramessid king lists of the 19th dynasty . There it is unanimously introduced with the symbol of a papyrus stem and concluded in the Abydos list and in the Turin Royal Papyrus with the same spelling (only the last symbol was preserved in the Turin papyrus). The list of kings of Saqqara differs from the other spellings in that, instead of the symbols N35 (a waterline) and S29 (folded fabric ), it uses the hieroglyphs F20 (a beef tongue), Z1 (a count) and F51 (a piece of meat). It is most likely a prescription from the original.

The Greek- writing historian Manetho gives the Graecized form of the name Outlas (Οὺτλας) for Wadjenes , which was abbreviated to Tlás (Τλας) in later copies . The Graecization is based on the Coptic reading for "Wadjenes": Wetlas , which means something like "fresh on your tongue (s)". Manetho describes Wadjenes in his Aegyptiacae as the fourth ruler of the 2nd dynasty with a reign of 17 years. The Royal Papyrus Turin, on the other hand, certifies that the king is 54 years old, which Egyptology regards as a reading or an exaggeration.

ID

Since the Horus name of the Wadjen has not yet been clearly identified, there are deviating attempts to equate it. The majority of Egyptologists are convinced that Wadjenes is identical to the archaeologically well-documented throne name Weneg and that King Ninetjer , the third ruler of the 2nd dynasty, succeeded the throne. This thesis is based, on the one hand, on the assumption that the ominous "Weneg flower" was confused with the papyrus stem symbol, since both symbols are very similar in hieratic script . In addition, six stone vessels were discovered that may have an early form of the name "Wadjenes". They come from the great western galleries of the pyramid necropolis of King Djoser ( 3rd dynasty ) and are made of calcite alabaster and limestone . The inscriptions applied in black ink name a certain " Vadjesen " in connection with the Sed festival . Wolfgang Helck refers to the title Wer-maa ("truly great"), which he regards as the crown prince title and which accompanies the name of the Wadjesen.

However, there are also deviating suggestions for equation. Nicolas Grimal and Walter Bryan Emery suggest equating Wadjenes with the Horus name Sechemib , since they simultaneously identify the Ramessidic successor of Wadjenes, King Sened , with Sechemib's contemporary successor Seth-Peribsen . Dietrich Wildung and Wolfgang Helck propose exactly the opposite equation: They regard the name “Wadjenes” as a reading from the hieratic spelling for “Peribsen”.

literature

General literature

• Darrell D. Baker: The Encyclopedia of the Egyptian Pharaohs. Vol. 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty (3300-1069 BC). Bannerstone Press, London 2008, ISBN 978-0-9774094-4-0 , pp. 362-365.
• Jürgen von Beckerath : Handbook of the Egyptian king names (= Munich Egyptological studies. Vol. 49). 2nd improved and enlarged edition. von Zabern, Mainz 1999, ISBN 3-8053-2591-6 , pp. 44-45.
• Michael Rice: Who's Who in Ancient Egypt. Routledge, London a. a. 2001, ISBN 0-415-15449-9 , pp. 72, 134, 172.
• Thomas Schneider : Lexicon of the Pharaohs. Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, ISBN 3-491-96053-3 , p. 195.

Special literature

• Laurel Bestock: The development of royal funerary cult at Abydos. Two funerary enclosures from the reign of Aha Harrassowitz (= Menes. Vol. 6). Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2009, ISBN 978-3-447-05838-4 .
• Susanne Bickel: The connection between the worldview and the state: Aspects of politics and religion in Egypt. In: Reinhard Gregor Kratz , Hermann Spieckermann (Ed.): Images of Gods, Images of God, Images of the World. Polytheism and Monotheism in the Ancient World. Volume 1: Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia, Asia Minor, Syria, Palestine. (= Research on the Old Testament. 2nd row, vol. 17). Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2006, ISBN 3-16-148673-0 , pp. 79-99.
• IES Edwards (ed.): Early history of the middle east (= The Cambridge ancient history. Vol. 1-2). 2 volumes = 3 parts. 3rd edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1970, ISBN 0-521-07791-5 .
• Walter B. Emery : Egypt. Fourier, Wiesbaden 1964. (1980, ISBN 3-921695-39-2 )
• Nicolas Grimal : A History of Ancient Egypt. Wiley & Blackwell, Oxford (UK) 1994, ISBN 0-631-19396-0 .
• Wolfgang Helck : Investigations into the thinite age. (= Egyptological treatises. Vol. 45). Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1987, ISBN 3-447-02677-4 .
• Wolfgang Helck: Investigations on Manetho and the Egyptian king lists. (= Studies on the history and antiquity of Egypt , vol. 18). Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1956.
• Erik Hornung : The One and the Many. Egyptian ideas of God. 2nd unchanged edition. Scientific Book Society, Darmstadt 1973, ISBN 3-534-05051-7 .
• Jochem Kahl : Inscriptional Evidence for the Relative Chronology of Dyn. 0-2. In: Erik Hornung, Rolf Krauss, David A. Warburton (eds.): Ancient Egyptian Chronology (= Handbook of Oriental studies. Section One. The Near and Middle East. Volume 83). Brill, Leiden / Boston 2006, ISBN 978-90-04-11385-5 , pp. 94-115 ( online ).
• Jochem Kahl: "Ra is my Lord". Searching for the rise of the Sun God at the dawn of Egyptian history. (= Menes. Vol. 1). Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2007, ISBN 978-3-447-05540-6 .
• Peter Kaplony : Small contributions to the inscriptions of the early Egyptian period . In: Wolfgang Helck: Lexicon of Egyptology . 3rd volume, Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1986, ISBN 3-447-02662-6 .
• Peter Kaplony: The inscriptions of the early Egyptian period. (= Egyptological treatises. Vol. 8, 3, ISSN  1614-6379 ). Volume 3, Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1963.
• Peter Kaplony: "He is a favorite of women" - a "new" king and a new theory about the crown prince and the goddesses of the state (crown goddesses) of the 1st / 2nd. Dynasty. In: Egypt and Levant. Vol. 13, 2006, ISSN  1015-5104 , pp. 107-126, doi: 10.1553 / AE and L13 .
• Ludwig David Morenz: Image letters and symbolic signs: The development of the writing of the high culture of ancient Egypt . (= Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 205). Friborg 2004, ISBN 3-7278-1486-1 .
• PE Newberry : The Seth rebellion of the 2nd Dynasty. In: Ancient Egypt. 7, 1922, ZDB ID 216160-6 , pp. 40-46.
• Jean-Pierre Pätznik: The seal unrolling and cylinder seals of the city of Elephantine in the 3rd millennium BC. Securing evidence of an archaeological artifact. (= BAR, International Series. Vol. 1339). Archaeopress, Oxford 2005, ISBN 1-84171-685-5 (also: Heidelberg, Univ., Diss., 1999).
• Dmitri B. Proussakov: Early Dynastic Egypt: A socio-environmental / anthropological hypothesis of “Unification”. In: Leonid E. Grinin (Ed.): The early state, its alternatives and analogues. Uchitel Publishing House, Volgograd 2004, ISBN 5-7057-0547-6 , pp. 139-180.
• Gay Robins: The art of ancient Egypt. Harvard University Press, Cambridge MA 1997, ISBN 0-674-04660-9 .
• Anna Maria Donadoni Roveri, Francesco Tiradritti (ed.): Kemet. All Sorgenti Del Tempo. Electa, Milano 1998, ISBN 88-435-6042-5 .
• Hermann A. Schlögl : Ancient Egypt. History and culture from the early days to Cleopatra. Beck, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-406-54988-8 .
• Christian E. Schulz: Writing implements and scribes in the 0th to 3rd dynasty. Grin, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-638-63909-5 .
• Stephan Seidlmayer : Historic and modern Nile stands. Investigations into the level readings of the Nile from the early days to the present. (= Achet - Writings on Egyptology. Vol. A, 1). Achet-Verlag, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-9803730-8-8 .
• Alan J. Spencer: Early Egypt. The rise of civilization in the Nile Valley. British Museum Press, London 1993, ISBN 0-7141-0974-6 .
• Herman te Velde : Seth, God of Confusion. A study of his role in Egyptian mythology and religion. (= Problems of Egyptology. Vol. 6). Reprint with some corrections. Brill, Leiden 1977, ISBN 90-04-05402-2 (also: Groningen, Univ., Diss., 1967).
• Dietrich Wildung : The role of Egyptian kings in the consciousness of their posterity. Volume 1: Posthumous Sources on the Kings of the First Four Dynasties. (= Munich Egyptological Studies. Vol. 17, ZDB -ID 500317-9 ). B. Hessling, Berlin 1969 (at the same time: Diss., Univ. Munich).
• Toby AH Wilkinson: Early Dynastic Egypt. Strategies, Society and Security. Routledge, London a. a. 1999, ISBN 0-415-18633-1 .
• Toby AH Wilkinson: The Rise and Fall of Ancient Egypt. The history of a civilization from 3000 BC to Cleopatra. Bloomsbury, London a. a. 2011, ISBN 978-1-4088-1002-6 .

Individual evidence

1. ^ Alan H. Gardiner : The Royal Canon of Turin. Griffith Institute, Oxford 1997, ISBN 0-900416-48-3 , illustration 1.
2. ^ ^{A b} Iorwerth Eiddon Stephen Edwards: The Cambridge ancient history. Vol. 1, part 2, p. 31.
3. ^ Thomas Schneider: Lexicon of the Pharaohs. P. 311.
4. ^ To: Eduard Meyer : Aegyptische Chronologie (= philosophical and historical treatises of the Royal Academy of Sciences. 1904, 1, ZDB -ID 955708-8 ). Publishing house of the Royal Academy of Sciences, Berlin 1904, plate I., cartouche No. 6.

predecessor	Office	successor
Ninetjer	King of Egypt 2nd Dynasty	Sened