Forest steppe mugwort

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Forest steppe mugwort
Forest-steppe wormwood (Artemisia pancicii) on Bisamberg near Vienna

Forest-steppe wormwood ( Artemisia pancicii ) on Bisamberg near Vienna

Systematics
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Asteroideae
Tribe : Anthemideae
Sub tribus : Artemisiinae
Genre : Artemisia
Type : Forest steppe mugwort
Scientific name
Artemisia pancicii
Ronniger ex Danihelka & Marhold

The forest sagebrush ( Artemisia pancicii ), and forest steppe wormwood or Pančić wormwood called, is an extremely rare plant species from the family of the daisy family (Asteraceae). The epithet , the species endemic to the Pannonian Floral Province , honors the Serbian botanist Josif Pančić .

description

Vegetative characteristics

Sterile foliage rosettes

The forest steppe mugwort grows as a perennial and herbaceous plant and has long, creeping, runners-like rhizomes . The spread is mainly vegetative, flowering shoots are formed relatively late and to a small extent. The plant, which does not smell aromatic, is gray-green in color and turns more or less black in winter. It forms numerous sterile, 5 to 10 centimeter high shoots with usually three to five leaves . The flower-bearing stems reach stature heights of 30 to 90 (rarely 20 to 95) centimeters.

The alternate leaves grow as long-stalked basal leaves, shorter-stalked central stem leaves and almost sessile and hollow upper stem leaves. They are tomentose and silvery hairy on both sides and sometimes too bald towards autumn. The basal leaves have channel-shaped petioles with a length of 4 to 11 (rarely 2.5 to 16) centimeters. Their twofold (rarely threefold) unpaired pinnate leaf blades are 4 to 10 (rarely 2 to 13) centimeters long and 3.5 to 6 (rarely 2.3 to 7) centimeters wide with a broadly ovoid, broadly elliptical or broadly obovate outline . The pinnate sections are usually about 2 centimeters long with a narrowly ovoid to narrow obovate outline, the end sections are narrowly inverted to lanceolate, 4 to 8 millimeters long and 0.8 to 2 millimeters wide and pointed to pointed.

Generative characteristics

inflorescence

The flowering period extends from September to October. In many years only leaf rosettes are formed and flower panicles do not develop. Stress factors such as dry or hot periods lead to increased flowering in the following year.

In axillary and terminal, narrow, one-sided, paniculate inflorescences with a length of 8 to 38 (rarely up to 59) centimeters are more than ten cup-shaped partial inflorescences together. The sessile bracts are short eared, toothed or entire. The short-stalked, nodding cups are spherical to broadly bell-shaped and measure about 3 millimeters in diameter. The bracts are broadly ovate and blunt at the top with a broad, dry-skinned edge. They are initially densely hairy and fluffy and later bald. The flattened basket bottom is bare.

Each flower head has five to ten female tubular flowers on the outside and ten to fifteen hermaphroditic tubular flowers in the middle , which bloom from the outside in. The five downy, hairy petals are yellowish. In the fruiting baskets , ellipsoidal achenes , somewhat compressed at the sides, with a length of about 1 millimeter, of which only a few develop viable seeds .

Chromosome number

The forest steppe mugwort is hexaploid with a chromosome number of 2n = 54.

Occurrence, hazard and protective measures

Site on Bisamberg

The forest steppe mugwort is native to the fringes of the Pannonian lowlands . There he settles in two subareas in southern Moravia in the Czech Republic and in eastern Austria on the one hand and in the Serbian autonomous province of Vojvodina on the other. In Austria the species occurs in Lower Austria on Bisamberg near Vienna, on Hundsheimer Berg and on Spitzerberg and in Burgenland on Steinberg, in Teichtal near Neusiedl am See , near Nickelsdorf and near Mönchhof . There are only a few sites in South Moravia and some have already been extinguished. In Serbia, the species occurs in around five places in the Deliblater Sandpuszta. The occurrences are partly questionable, but an occurrence between the places Grebenac and Šušara was recently confirmed. The ten or so deposits are all located in the Pannonian region and are each only a few hundred square meters in size. The species is listed as critically endangered in Austria's Red List , while Moravia is considered to be critically endangered.

He is considered to be a resident of heat-loving fringe locations, gaps in forest steppes and open dry steppe grasslands. It can colonize different habitats: occurrences are documented for warmth-loving oak forests (Quercion pubescenti-petraeae) and bush fringe communities (Geranion sanguinei), brisket semi-arid grasslands (Bromion erecti) and grass steppe communities (Festucion valesiacae). Moderate grazing posed no threat, and entry and feeding even stimulate new leaf formation. the main risk is when it is abandoned by tall grasses and shrubs.

At the European level, the forest steppe mugwort was placed under protection as a European, wild plant in 1979 by the Bern Convention . The European Union lists the forest steppe mugwort in the Habitats Directive in Appendix II of the animal and plant species of Community interest, for the conservation of which special protection areas must be designated. In addition, this protective measure was determined to be given priority.

The Bisamberg European Protected Area was established in Lower Austria and the Nickelsdorfer Haide in Burgenland . In 2009, as part of a LIFE nature conservation project, offshoots were removed from Bisamberg and plants were grown from them in the Botanical Garden of the University of Vienna. These were suspended in two places the following year. As part of a species protection project, ex-situ husbandry was carried out in 2009 in the Königshof viewing garden in Burgenland .

Discovery story

The species was discovered in 1867 by Josif Pančić two kilometers southwest of the village of Šušara in the Deliblater Sandpuszta ( Deliblatska peščara ) in Vojvodina . The locality, an extensive inland dune area, is located a little east of Belgrade and north of the Danube and today belongs to Serbia, at that time it was in the territory of Austria-Hungary . However, since Pančić only found sterile leaves, a reliable assignment to a family or genus was not possible. The attempt to cultivate plants in the Botanical Garden in Belgrade failed, as did attempts to make the plants bloom at the place where they were found. When the Hungarian botanist Vincze von Borbás found the plant again in 1874 , he asked the local forester to notify him as soon as it should flower. It would take over 20 years to get there. After the species had previously been placed in the genus Chrysanthemum and given the Artephithet pancicii , the correct allocation to the genus Artemisia could be made based on the flowering specimens , but incorrectly as Artemisia latifolia . The occurrence on Bisamberg was only discovered in 1932 by Franz Berger. The late discovery at the gates of Vienna and on the well-researched Bisamberg is due to the fact that the plant only grows in a very small area and does not bloom every year. Berger contacted Karl Ronniger, one of the leading botanists of the time, who after further incorrect determinations was finally able to establish the connection to the place of discovery in Vojvodina and classify the plant as a separate species - Artemisia pancicii . The genus Artemisia includes mugwort and wormwood in German, due to the greater similarity of the leaves, the standard name for steppe wormwood is recommended.

Taxonomy

The populations, which had long been confused with Artemisia latifolia , were recognized by Viktor Janka as an independent species in 1881 and given the name Chrysanthemum pancicii . The recombination in Artemisia pancicii ( Janka ) Ronniger , which was long regarded as valid, took place in 1938 by Karl Ronniger . It was not until 2003 that Jiří Danihelka and Karol Marhold found out that both names are invalid due to missing or insufficient diagnoses and published the name Artemisia pancicii Ronniger ex Danihelka & Marhold with a formally correct first description .

swell

literature

  • TG Tutin: Artemisia . In TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 4: Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae) . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1976, ISBN 0-521-08717-1 , pp. 178–182 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search). (Genus Artemisia L. - key to and description of section Artemisia and Artemisia pancįcii - from the unchanged reprint from 2010 ( ISBN 978-0-521-15369-0 ).
  • Jiří Danihelka, Karol Marhold: Validation of the name Artemisia pancicii (Asteraceae) . Notulae ad floram euro-mediterraneam pertinentes No. 9. In: Willdenowia . tape 33 , no. 2 , 2003, ISSN  0511-9618 , p. 251-254 ( PDF file, 69.31 kB ).
  • Franz Michael Grünweis: Artemisia pancicii - the forest-steppe wormwood - a long-undiscovered rarity on the doorstep. In: Heinz Wiesbauer, Herbert Zettel, Manfred A. Fischer, Rudolf Maier (eds.): The Bisamberg and the Old Schanzen. Diversity on the outskirts of the city of Vienna. St. Pölten 2011, ISBN 3-901542-34-5 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 923 .
  2. ↑ a b c Bernhard Frank, Frank Schumacher, Thorsten English: Species profile forest steppe mugwort - Artemisia pancicii Ronniger ex Danihelka & Marhold. Ed .: Office of the Lower Austrian State Government, Nature Conservation Department. St. Pölten 2015.
  3. ↑ a b c d Jürgen Knickmann: The forest-steppe wormwood ( Artemisia pancicii ) . Establishment of a portfolio for steppe gardens and species protection projects (ex-situ keeping) at the Königshof viewing garden. Hrsg .: Higher Federal Training and Research Institute for Horticulture Schönbrunn in Vienna. Vienna 2009 ( put online via the information network for horticulture - hortigate ).
  4. ^ A b c d e Franz Michael Grünweis: Artemisia pancicii - the forest steppe wormwood - a long time undiscovered rarity on the doorstep , in: Heinz Wiesbauer, Herbert Zettel, Manfred A. Fischer and Rudolf Maier (eds.): Der Bisamberg and the old ski jumps - diversity on the edge of the city of Vienna , St. Pölten 2011, ISBN 3-901542-34-5
  5. ^ Council of Europe (ed.): Bern Convention-Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats . Appendix I. Bern September 19, 1979 ( online [accessed on February 3, 2012] status from March 1, 2002 with Artemisia pancicii (Janka) Ronn.).
  6. ↑ Council Directive 92/43 / EEC of May 21, 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and wild animals and plants (Habitats Directive) in the consolidated version of January 1, 2007 , Annex I, pp. 17-19, 23 . In: OJ. L 206, July 22, 1992, p. 36 ( Artemisia pancicii in Appendix II).
  7. ↑ Federal Chancellery (Ed.): Provincial Law Burgenland: Entire legal regulation for the "European Protected Area Nickelsdorfer Haide" . Vienna 2008 ( put online via the legal information system RIS - protected subject forest steppe mugwort, Artemisia pancicii (Janka) Ronn).
  8. ↑ Viktor Janka: Correspondenz. Szczawnica (in Galicia) on August 14, 1881. In: Oesterreichische Botanische Zeitschrift. Volume 31, No. 9, 1881, pp. 303-304, digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fbiodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F28850812~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided%3D~LT%3D~ PUR% 3D .
  9. ^ Karl Ronniger in: F. Knoll, F. Kovarik (ed.): Seed exchange list 1938. Botanical Garden of the University of Vienna. Vienna 1938, p. 5
  10. ↑ J. McNeill, FR Barrie, HM Burdet, V. Demoulin, DL Hawksworth, K. Marhold, DH Nicolson, J. Prado, AJ Silverside, JE Skog, J. Wiersema & NJ Turland (Eds.): International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Vienna Code) adopted by the Seventeenth International Botanical Congress Vienna, Austria, July 2005. In: Regnum Vegetabile. Volume 146, 2006, Article 32 online.
  11. ^ Jiří Danihelka, Karol Marhold: Validation of the name Artemisia pancicii (Asteraceae) . Notulae ad floram euro-mediterraneam pertinentes No. 9. In: Willdenowia . tape 33 , no. 2 , 2003, ISSN  0511-9618 , p. 253 ( PDF file, 69.31 kB ).

Web links

Commons : Artemisia pancicii  - album with pictures, videos and audio files