Willibald Scholz

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Willibald Oscar Scholz (born December 15, 1889 in Greiz ; † August 7, 1971 in Munich ) was a German psychiatrist and neuropathologist .

Life

Willibald Scholz was the son of the businessman Rudolf Oscar Scholz and his wife Marie Therese Zschäck. After the final examination at the secondary school in Plauen , he studied medicine at the universities of Tübingen , Munich and Jena , and in 1914 with a dissertation in the field of ophthalmology Dr. med. PhD . During his studies in 1909 he became a member of the Tübingen fraternity Derendingia . After the outbreak of the First World War he did military service as a medical officer in the German Army .

From 1919 he was assistant to Robert Eugen Gaupp at the Psychiatric University Clinic in Tübingen and qualified there in 1925 with a neuropathological examination for psychiatry and neurology. After his habilitation, he worked as a private lecturer at the University of Tübingen and in 1926 moved to the medical faculty of the University of Leipzig , where he was employed as a senior physician under the head of the Psychiatric University Clinic Paul Schröder . In 1930 he became an associate professor for psychiatry and neurology at the University of Leipzig.

Through his teacher Walther Spielmeyer , through whom he had already turned to neuropathology during a six-month research stay at the German Research Institute for Psychiatry ( Kaiser Wilhelm Institute ) in 1920 , he was appointed to this institution in 1931 as a Rockefeller Foundation scholarship holder . He also worked at the University of Munich as an associate professor for psychiatry and neurology. In 1935/36 he was Spielmeyer's successor as director of the Brain Pathology Institute of the German Research Institute for Psychiatry. He researched hereditary metabolic diseases of the central nervous system and the sequelae of epilepsy , hypoxia and X-rays on the brain. In 1937 he went on a lecture tour through countries in Europe, America and Asia. From 1938 he was a member of the board of trustees of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Brain Research .

During the Second World War , Scholz was employed at the Berlin Military Medical Academy and as an advisory military psychiatrist. Scholz was not a party member and statements in terms of Nazi health policy by him are not known. In 1941, however, he carried out a research contract for the Reich Aviation Ministry on "The effect of lack of oxygen on the brain". From 1940 to 1944, the brains of hundreds of victims of Nazi euthanasia, most of whom were received from the Eglfing-Haar sanatorium near Munich, were examined neuropathologically in the brain pathological institute of the German Research Institute for Psychiatry . The connection to the sanatorium and nursing home Eglfing-Haar existed through Scholz's employee Hans Schleussing , who was in charge of the prosecution there .

After the end of the war, he succeeded Ernst Rüdin, who was suspended in November 1945 due to his Nazi burden, as managing director of the German Research Institute for Psychiatry and at the end of March 1954 he led the institution into the Max Planck Society. The facility, renamed the Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry, was divided into a Clinical Institute led by Werner Wagner and a Brain Pathology Institute led by Scholz. He worked there until his retirement in 1960. After the end of the war, he re-established contacts with neuropathologists and corresponding institutions abroad. Scholz was the author and editor of various specialist books and articles as well as co-editor of the journals Archive for Psychiatry and Zentralblatt for the whole of neurology and psychiatry .

Awards and memberships

Fonts (selection)

  • Clinical and pathological-anatomical findings in the examination of 109 bags under the eyes with special consideration of tuberculosis , Greiz 1914, (Jena, Med. Diss.)
  • Clinical, pathological-anatomical and hereditary biological examinations in familial diffuse brain sclerosis in childhood. A contribution to the teaching of the hereditary degenerations , 1925, (habilitation for neurology and psychiatry at the University of Tübingen)
  • Walther Spielmeyer , JF Lehmanns Verl., Munich 1935
  • The cramp damage of the brain , Springer, Berlin / Göttingen / Heidelberg 1951 (monographs from the entire field of neurology and psychiatry; H. 75)
  • German Research Institute for Psychiatry , Max Planck Institute, Munich, Lehmann, Munich 1953 (Munich Medical Weekly; year 95, 1953, No. 12, anniversary annex)
  • 50 years of neuropathology in Germany: 1885–1935 , Thieme, Stuttgart 1961 (editor)
  • Manual of special pathological anatomy and histology , Springer, Berlin [multi-part work] (staff)

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Membership directory of the Derendingia fraternity in Tübingen.  October 1933, master roll no. 445.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g Matthias M. Weber: Scholz, Willibald , in: Neue Deutsche Biographie 23 (2007), p. 463f.
  3. ↑ a b c Ernst Klee: Das Personenlexikon zum Third Reich , Frankfurt am Main 2007, p. 557
  4. ^ Hans-Walter Schmuhl: Race, race research, race policy. Approaches to the topic . In: Hans-Walter Schmuhl (Ed.): Race research at Kaiser Wilhelm Institutes before and after 1933 , Göttingen 2003, p. 18
  5. ^ Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry. History of the institute. ( Memento from May 6, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  6. ↑ Rudolf Vierhaus (Ed.): Deutsche Biographische Enzyklopädie , Volume 9, Munich 2008, p. 176
  7. ↑ Jutta Ellwanger: Researchers in the picture. Part I: Scientific members of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society for the Advancement of Science. (= Publications from the archive on the history of the Max Planck Society. Volume 2.) Berlin 1989, ISBN 3-927579-00-9 , p. 20
personal data
SURNAME Scholz, Willibald
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Scholz, Willibald Oscar (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German psychiatrist and neuropathologist
DATE OF BIRTH December 15, 1889
PLACE OF BIRTH Greiz
DATE OF DEATH 7th August 1971
Place of death Munich