Wolfgang Rosenthal

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Bust in front of Thallwitz Castle

Wolfgang Wilhelm Johannes Rosenthal (born September 8, 1882 in Friedrichshagen , † June 10, 1971 in Berlin ) was a German oral surgeon and concert singer.

Life

Rosenthal was born in Berlin in 1882 as the son of Rector Max Friedrich Karl Martin Rosenthal and his wife Johanna von Zeuner. He grew up in Weißenfels , was a member of the St. Thomas Choir and graduated from the St. Thomas School in Leipzig in 1902 . In 1902/1903 he studied law at the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich , but dropped out and traveled to South Africa, where his sister lived. From 1904 to 1910 he studied singing and medicine at the same time at the University of Leipzig . It was in 1910 with the thesis About congenital syphilis tarda by the hand of a case of Gumma hepatis to Dr. med. PhD, followed in 1911 with license to practice medicine . From 1911 to 1914 he worked as an assistant doctor at the Leipzig Surgical Polyclinic Institute, where he was trained as a surgeon and was entrusted with the management of the clinic in 1914 after the previous director (Heineke) had been recalled for military service. In April 1915 he was also assigned as a surgeon to the jaw hospital in the dental institute in Leipzig. In 1918 Rosenthal received his habilitation from the University of Leipzig with the work Experience in the field of uranium sculpture .

He completed his vocal training with Karl Scheidemantel in Weimar . Under the stage name Wolfgang Zeuner-Rosenthal, he was one of the most sought-after concert and oratorio singers in the field of bass-baritone in Leipzig. From 1919 until the ban by the National Socialists, he was a member of the well-known Rosenthal Quartet alongside his first wife Ilse Helling-Rosenthal (soprano), his later second wife Marta Adam (alto) and the tenor Hans Lissmann .

From 1919 Rosenthal was a surgeon at the St. Georg Hospital in Leipzig and was active in the army as a military doctor until May 1920. In 1928 he opened a private surgical clinic in Leipzig, financed from fees for his singing performances. From 1930 to 1936 he was a non-scheduled adjunct professor of surgery at the University of Leipzig. At the same time, he studied dentistry in Leipzig from 1931 to 1933 , and with Pfaff acquired the basics for the state examination in dentistry, which he passed at the University of Erlangen . He received his doctorate as Dr. med. dent.

On May 1, 1933, Rosenthal joined the NSDAP (membership number 2993934), then also the NS teachers 'and doctors' associations. He also became a supporting member of the SS . In 1935 he was appointed full professor for maxillofacial surgery and acting head of the maxillofacial clinic at the University of Hamburg . In 1936 he took over the editing of the "Zentralblatt für Zahn-, Oral- und Kieferheilkunde". In 1937 he became chairman of the “Society for Maxillofacial Surgery”.

Soon afterwards he was dismissed as a university professor and chairman of the German Society for Oral Surgery because of " Jewish descent " (a grandfather), as he was considered a "quarter Jew" according to the Nuremberg Race Laws . The “Textbook of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery” published by him and Erich Sonntag in 1930 was also no longer allowed to appear. A pardon from Rosenthal on August 23, 1937 to Adolf Hitler was rejected by him. In 1938 he was banned from performing as a singer. He remained active as an independent surgeon and orthopedist . In 1943 he tried to prove by means of an affidavit from his sister (in South Africa) that he came from a misstep of his grandmother with the ("Aryan") noble Count Martin von Schönborn-Köhler and not the (Jewish) Max Friedrich Karl Martin Rosenthal and thus his biological grandfather was not a Jew. Later, Rosenthal and his daughter arranged for hereditary and racial investigations to be carried out by the " Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, Human Heredity and Eugenics " in Berlin. Although the “ Reichsstelle für Kippenforschung ” finally stated in a certificate of parentage on May 17, 1943 that Rosenthal was “German or related blood”, the teaching ban was not lifted. After his private clinic was destroyed by bombing in the same year, he immediately founded a new one in Thallwitz Castle (left by Prince Reuss ) near Eilenburg , which he managed until 1962. After a long hesitation, he had received official permission to conclude a lease from the authorities.

Grave site in the Leipzig south cemetery, 17th abb.

After the war, Rosenthal became a member of the SPD and after the forced unification of the SPD and KPD in 1946, a member of the SED . From 1945 to 1950 he was a professor with a teaching position for oral surgery at the Humboldt University in Berlin in the Soviet zone of occupation . From 1950 to 1957 he was there full professor for oral surgery and director of the clinic and polyclinic for dental, oral and jaw diseases. From 1951 vice dean, he was elected dean of the medical faculty in 1952 and in the same year appointed to the scientific advisory board of the State Secretariat for Higher Education in the GDR. In July 1952 he became chairman of the "Medical and Scientific Society for Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine at the Humboldt University Berlin". Rosenthal conducted his official business as he saw fit. Party discipline ranked second for him. He presented important information to comrades at preparatory meetings, discussed with "bourgeois professors" in order to achieve the voting result he wanted at faculty meetings. According to an assessment by the university's human resources department, he was also campaigning against the de-registration of West Berlin students, currency regulations and border controls when traveling to congresses.

After his retirement on August 1, 1957, Josef Münch took over provisional management of the jaw clinic and was in turn replaced in 1960 by the caries researcher Walter Künzel , who had studied at the Humboldt University and worked there under Rosenthal and Münch.

Wolfgang Rosenthal died in Berlin as a result of a thigh fracture (a result of a fall in his study) and was buried in the grave of his first wife, the singer Ilse Helling-Rosenthal, in Leipzig's southern cemetery.

Act

Wolfgang Rosenthal stood up for the concerns of those affected with cleft lip and palate throughout his life , and over the years he developed new surgical and treatment techniques to restore the functionality and appearance of the affected areas as optimally as possible. They are called Schönborn-Rosenthal . As early as the 1920s, Rosenthal demanded interdisciplinary cooperation between surgeons, dentists, orthodontists , ENT specialists and speech therapists in order to ensure normal language and swallowing development in addition to functional reconstruction. Close cooperation with specialists in plastic surgery should also enable a visually appealing reconstruction. At the same time, he defended himself against discrimination and denigration of those affected, whose malformation is disparagingly referred to in the professional world as "wolf's throat" or "harelip".

Even under Rosenthal's predecessor Georg Axhausen , the dentist Walter Drum in particular took the initiative to prevent caries with fluorides in Berlin . After a dentist from Pirna found dental fluorosis in children in the Kneipp health resort Berggießhübel in June 1951 during school dental examinations , Rosenthal's senior physician Walter Hoffmann-Axthelm dealt more intensively with the problem in collaboration with the chemist Rudolf Wohinz (1896–1954). Due to the previous history at the Berlin institute, we were initially interested in the caries frequency, which appeared to be relatively low. A second dental fluorosis stove was discovered in 1957 in the vicinity of Rosenthal's private clinic in Thallwitz , after Gustav Bredemann had pointed out a higher fluoride content in the water in Thallwitz in a monograph. This cannot be explained by petrographic conditions; on the other hand, contamination by sewage from the city of Wurzen is conceivable, which collects in a neighboring basin and mixes with the groundwater as seepage water. The speckles, large-scale white discoloration and brown discoloration that occur with fluorosis were found here with a fluoride content of 0.79 mg / l, but in this case without infestation of milk teeth (in contrast to Berggießhübel). The reason for the effects of a relatively low fluoride content is assumed to be climatic conditions as well as living and eating habits. 38.9% of the examined children between the ages of 3 and 14 had caries-free teeth, so that Rosenthal's senior physician at the Thallwitzer Klinik expressed the idea in his report that a larger group of people, e.g. B. to supply a certain district of Leipzig only with fluorine-rich drinking water and to contain dental caries with such a large-scale experiment.

Caries prophylaxis with fluoride was the focus of a conference organized by Rosenthal of the German Academy of Sciences in Berlin on May 14th and 15th, 1954. In his introductory lecture, Rosenthal remarked that “the problem of dental caries, previously only discussed here and there, has recently come to the fore ”and that a well-known caries researcher recently said“ that it seems to be in the air at the moment to negotiate about human dental caries. ” Peter Adler explained the possibilities of prevention at the conference : Suitable measures against caries infestation "such as exurbanization, the return to the 'natural' way of life, in particular to a natural diet, the restriction of the carbohydrate content of the diet, were unfortunately condemned to failure from the outset for use on a broad basis, as they the natural progressive social Development (which with increasing Urbani The use of fluoride, on the other hand, has "the increasing civilization and urbanization of society as a prerequisite and thus runs parallel to their development tendency." As a representative of the Ministry of Health of the Soviet zone of occupation, Rosenthal added a meeting of the European Working Group for Fluorine Research and Caries Prevention , which was held from June 9th to 11th, 1956 in Marburg and Kassel, pointed out the socio-hygienic importance of combating caries . In November of the same year, at a meeting of the Medical and Scientific Society for Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine at the Humboldt University in Berlin, he read out a resolution “that is to be submitted to the responsible authorities, immediately on the formation of a commission to organize fluorination to agree and in 1957 to start caries prophylaxis through fluorination in certain districts and in Berlin. ”His request was only implemented under his successor Josef Münch. On March 5, 1959, in the presence of Münch and other guests, including Heinrich Hornung , the council's resolution on the fluoridation of drinking water in Karl-Marx-Stadt was passed by Mayor Berthel to the district doctor Dr. Simon presented. This made " Karl-Marx-Stadt the first major European city to begin with the fluorine enrichment of all drinking water ". Walter Künzel took over the scientific support at the Münch Institute.

Appreciations

In 1951 he became an honorary member of the American Cleft Palate Association . In the GDR he became an Honored Doctor of the People in 1951 , received the National Prize in 1955 and was honored in 1962 as an Outstanding Scientist of the People . The Medical Faculty of the University of Leipzig awarded him an honorary doctorate in 1952 . From 1955 he was a full member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina . In 1962 he became an honorary citizen of the Thallwitz community. In his honor the Wolfgang Rosenthal Prize of the German Society for Stomatology has been awarded annually since 1968 and the Wolfgang Rosenthal Medal since 1982

Wolfgang Rosenthal Society

Rosenthal is the namesake of the self-help association for lip and palate malformations founded in 1981 by his student Josef Koch in Hüttenberg (Hesse) - Wolfgang Rosenthal Society for those affected and relatives of people with cleft lip and palate . The association stands up for the concerns of those affected. In addition to advising those affected, she also fights. a. against the discriminatory use of the above Terms in the media, public and professional world.

Professional school center for health "Wolfgang Rosenthal"

At the Neukirchen / Erzgebirge vocational school , apprentices are trained in the fields of dental technology , dental assistants , curative education, health and care.

Fonts (selection)

  • (Ed.) Zentralblatt for the entire dentistry, oral and maxillofacial medicine
  • Textbook of oral and maxillofacial surgery , Leipzig 1930.
  • (Ed.) German stomatology. 1951 ff.
  • Special dental, oral and maxillofacial surgery. Malformations, inflammations, tumors , Leipzig 1951.

literature

  • Peter-Michael Augner: Wolfgang Rosenthal (= biographies of outstanding natural scientists, technicians and physicians . Vol. 93). Teubner, Leipzig 1989.
  • Burkard Georg Christoph Müller: Wolfgang Rosenthal (1882–1971). Life and work with special consideration of the years 1930 to 1960. Inaugural dissertation, Gießen 1992.
  • Anna-Sabine Ernst: Wolfgang Rosenthal (1882–1971). An anti-fascist who wasn't? P. 368–375 in: The best prophylaxis is socialism. Doctors and medical professors in the Soviet occupation zone / GDR 1945–1961. Waxmann, Münster etc., 1997
  • Ronald Lambrecht: Political layoffs in the Nazi era: forty-four biographical sketches by professors at the University of Leipzig. Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Leipzig 2006, p. 157 f.
  • Kerstin Ackermann: The "Wolfgang Rosenthal Clinic" Thallwitz / Saxony in the two German dictatorships. Dissertation, University of Giessen, 2008 ( online ).
  • Peter Schneck:  Rosenthal, Wolfgang . In: Who was who in the GDR? 5th edition. Volume 2. Ch. Links, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-86153-561-4 .
  • German Biographical Encyclopedia . Vol. 8, 1998, p. 401.
  • Kürschner's German Scholars Calendar . 1931, col. 2426.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Prof. Rosenthal takes office . Dental Message. 27: No. 16 (1936) p. 359
  2. ^ A b c d Anna-Sabine Ernst: The best prophylaxis is socialism. Doctors and medical university teachers in the Soviet Zone / GDR 1945-1961. Waxmann Münster / New York / Munich / Berlin 1997. p. 368: Wolfgang Rosenthal. An anti-fascist who wasn't?
  3. ^ U. Rheinwald: Professor Rosenthal for his 70th birthday. Dental World 9 (1954) 506
  4. ^ Ernst Klee : The dictionary of persons on the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945. 2nd, updated edition. Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2005, ISBN 3-596-16048-0 , p. 508.
  5. ↑ U. Rheinwald 1954, loc. cit.
  6. ↑ Dominik Groß , Wolfgang Rosenthal - the most prominent oral surgeon , ZM, May 16, 2018. Retrieved February 8, 2020.
  7. ↑ Dominik Groß: ZM-Online, loc. cit.
  8. ↑ Short messages. German stomatology 2: No. 6 (1952) p. 179
  9. ↑ Short messages . German stomatology 2: No. 8 (1952) p. 254
  10. ↑ Joachim Gabka, Günther Wagner: education and medicine. Wolfgang Rosenthal (1884-1971) - career and work as a university teacher with the rank of / school education. Magazine f. Medical education (ZMA). Issue 1 (1995) pp. 63-68.
  11. ^ Burkard Georg Christoph Müller: Wolfgang Rosenthal (1882–1971). Life and work with special consideration of the years 1930 to 1960. Inaug.-Diss., Gießen 1992
  12. ^ F. Blankenstein: 110 Years of the Dental Institute Berlin 1884–1994. Festschrift. Quintessenz 1994. pp. 61-62
  13. ^ W. Künzel: Contribution to the indication of healing therapy for inflammatory diseased pulps. German stomatology 9: No. 2 (1959) p. 83
  14. ↑ W. Hoffmann-Axthelm, R. Wohinz: First observations on the occurrence of dental fluorosis in Germany. Deutsche Stomatologie 2 (1952) p. 59
  15. ↑ G. Bredemann: Biochemistry and physiology of fluorine and the industrial fluorine smoke damage. 2nd Edition. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1956, p. 25
  16. ↑ H. Heiner: fluorine Empire drinking water in Thallwitz. German Stomatol. 10 (1960) p. 354
  17. ↑ W. Rosenthal, W. Hoffmann-Axthelm: The dental caries and their social hygienic significance . VEB Verlag People and Health. Berlin. 1955.
  18. ^ P. Adler: in W. Rosenthal, W. Hoffmann-Axthelm 1955, p. 56 of the conference report
  19. ↑ From the press - for the press . Zahnärztliche Mitteilungen 44 (1956) p. 628; P. 631
  20. ↑ Caries, pulp diseases and occupational hygiene. Report on the dentists' conference of the Medical and Scientific Society for Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine at the Humboldt University of Berlin from November 16 to 18, 1956 in Berlin. Dental Practice 8: No. 2 (1957) p. 2
  21. ↑ Short messages. Karl Marx City. German stomatology 9: No. 3 (1959) p. 230
  22. ^ W. Künzel: Status of fluoridation in the GDR. German stomatology 10: No. 12 (1960) p. 953
  23. ^ CH Plathner, M. Winiker, R Zuhrt: 20 years of caries research at the Polyclinic for Conservative Stomatology of the Medical Faculty (Charité) of the Humboldt University in Berlin. German Dental, oral and maxillary medicine 49 (1967) 328
  24. ↑ Daily news. Dental Rundschau 64 (1955) 215
  25. ^ Self-help association for lip and palate malformations eV - information on malformations. Retrieved June 29, 2020 .
personal data
SURNAME Rosenthal, Wolfgang
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Rosenthal, Wolfgang Wilhelm Johannes
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German oral surgeon and singer
DATE OF BIRTH September 8, 1882
PLACE OF BIRTH Friedrichshagen
DATE OF DEATH June 10, 1971
Place of death Berlin