Yonge University Line
 Yonge University
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 Bloor-Yonge Station
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| Route length: | 38.8 km |
| Gauge : | 1495 mm |
| Power system : | 600 V = |
The Yonge University Line (officially called Line 1 Yonge University , formerly Yonge University Spadina Line ) is a subway line in the Canadian city of Toronto . It is part of the Toronto Subway and is the most important north-south connection in the local public transport network. The line operated by the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) is 38.8 kilometers long and has 38 stations, the track width is 1495 millimeters. It is the oldest line on the Toronto Subway and also the oldest subway line in Canada.
The line is named after the main street Yonge Street and the University of Toronto . It has approximately the shape of a U, with the "arch" at the Union station near the shore of Lake Ontario . This is followed by two branches of the route that run parallel in the city center, where they intersect with the Bloor-Danforth line and then gradually move away from each other. The Yonge University Line is used by an average of 736,420 passengers every day (2015).
history
In 1910, the city council commissioned an engineering firm in New York to design a subway network that was to include three lines with a total length of 18.7 kilometers. The backbone of the network would have been a south-north line under Bay Street and Yonge Street . However, the project failed in a referendum in January 1912 with a no-vote share of 57% and was not implemented, whereupon the discussions subsided. Another proposal for a south-north subway was made in 1931, but the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) came to the conclusion in a study that the route was "economically unjustified".
In 1941, the TTC assumed a marked increase in population and traffic in the period after the Second World War . For this reason, she planned a subway tram . Among other things, a tunnel was planned under Bay Street in the south-north direction, which should turn north of the city center into Yonge Street. However, the project was rejected by the city administration in 1942. The TTC then designed a new project with a subway line under Yonge Street. In a referendum in January 1946, 89% of the electorate voted in favor.
On September 9, 1949 Lieutenant Governor took Ray Lawson the sod before. The first 7.4-kilometer section between Union and Eglinton was mostly cut using the open construction method ; the excavation was used to reclaim land in Lake Ontario . Since the Korean War had caused a steel shortage, construction dragged on for a year longer than planned. The opening of Canada's first subway line took place on March 30, 1954 by Ontario's Prime Minister Leslie Frost and Mayor Allan Lamport , on the same day the TTC shut down the tram through Yonge Street.
Due to the popularity of the Yonge Subway , the number and length of trains had to be increased several times. The TTC predicted a congestion of the section south of Bloor-Yonge station as soon as the Bloor-Danforth line , which runs in west-east direction, would be in operation. They therefore planned a relief route in the city center, which connects to the Yonge Subway and runs parallel to it northwards. The construction work on the 3.8 kilometer long University Subway between Union and the future transfer station St. George began in November 1959 and opened on February 28, 1963. The new section of the line, now known as the Yonge-University Line , developed its full market value not until 1966, when the crossing Bloor-Danforth line was opened. In the first few years, the capacity utilization was lower than originally forecast. For this reason, operations were initially restricted between Union and St. George (especially on weekends), and it has only been continuous on the entire route since 1978.
In 1967 the Metropolitan Toronto Community Association approved the extension of the Yonge-University Line . This was to meet the desire of the rapidly growing northern suburbs for a connection to the subway network. The TTC examined various underground and surface variants, but ultimately decided to continue the tunnel route under Yonge Street. The 3.9-kilometer section from Eglinton to York Mills went into service on March 31, 1973, which also marked the end of trolleybus traffic on Yonge Street. Almost a year later, on March 30, 1974, the 4.5-kilometer section from York Mills to Finch followed . Originally, the entire route from Eglinton to Finch should have been opened in 1973, but strikes made staging necessary. In order to better develop the center of the North York district , the North York Center station was subsequently built between Sheppard and Finch and opened on June 18, 1987.
In the 1960s there were plans for the first time to extend the Yonge-University Line from St. George to the northwest. The subway was supposed to be in the median of an urban freeway under construction, the Spadina Expressway . After protests from residents, the provincial government decided in 1971 to only support the construction of the subway south of the then city limits (not far from Eglinton West station ) and not to complete the expressway to the city center as planned. The discontinuation of the city freeway meant that the southern part of the subway route was built in a tunnel. After a strike caused a three-month delay, the 9.9 kilometer Spadina Subway between St. George and Wilson was opened on January 28, 1978 . Thus the Yonge University Spadina Line was created. On March 30, 1996, a 1.1 kilometer section was added between Wilson and Downsview (now Sheppard West ).
In 1994, preliminary construction work for a second level was carried out under the Eglinton West station . From there the Eglinton West Subway , which would have been part of a longer tangential route, should have run west . In the following year, the provincial government ordered a construction freeze and had the lower level backfilled. In March 2014, the Yonge University Spadina Line received its current shorter name and line number 1.
At the political level there had been a struggle since the late 1980s as to whether and in what form the line should be further developed. One of the suggestions was to connect both ends of the line to create a ring line. Finally, the variant prevailed, which provided for an extension of the route from Sheppard West over the campus of York University to Vaughan in the Regional Municipality of York . In March 2006, the Dalton McGuinty- led provincial government announced that it would provide $ 670 million . The total cost of the extension, originally estimated at $ 2.6 billion, ended up being $ 3.2 billion.
The new section is 8.6 kilometers long and includes six stations. Construction began in November 2009 and the extension opened on December 17, 2017 (two years later than originally planned). The lines were criticized in the media. The TTC had originally planned to extend the route only to York University and to build a large bus station on Steeles Avenue. The financial contribution of the Province of Ontario depended on the line crossing the city limits. In addition, the area around the terminus is currently rather sparsely populated.
Route and stations
The route begins in the suburb of Vaughan at Vaughan Metropolitan Center station . For the next eighteen kilometers or so, it runs essentially in a south-easterly direction. Between Spadina and St. George stations , the Yonge University Line runs eastward parallel to the Bloor Danforth Line . At the Royal Ontario Museum , the route turns south, passes under Queen's Park with the Parliament building and follows University Avenue .
At the southern end of this street, the route in the area of the Toronto Union Station describes an approximately semicircular arc. It turns north and follows Yonge Street , the most important south-north traffic axis in the city, for the next 16 kilometers to Finch . The section between Union and the Bloor-Yonge junction runs parallel to the one under University Avenue at a distance of about 600 meters and thus enables the densely built-up Financial District to be developed from two sides.
For the most part, the route is in a tunnel. However, it has several sections that lie in a cut or raised. The first six kilometers between Sheppard West and Eglinton West lie in the median of the Allen Road arterial road, and Highway 401 is also crossed. The next section to shortly before Dupont should have been in the median of the Spadina Expressway, but was moved into a tunnel after the construction stop on the city motorway in order to preserve the green areas in the river valley of Castle Frank Brook . The Rosedale and Davisville stations are above ground on the eastern branch along Yonge Street . The section between the Summerhill and St. Clair stations was originally in a cut, but was covered around 1970.
You can change to the Bloor-Danforth line at Spadina, St. George and Bloor-Yonge stations, and to the Sheppard line at Sheppard-Yonge station .
Expansion projects
At its northeastern end, the line is to be extended by 6.8 kilometers and six stations to the Richmond Hill Center bus terminal in the suburb of Richmond Hill . The medium-term realization is currently uncertain, as the line in this area is already overloaded at peak times and a new signal system is necessary to increase capacity.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Subway. Toronto Transit Commission , accessed December 7, 2017 .
- ↑ Subway ridership, 2015. (PDF; 84 KiB) Toronto Transit Commission, accessed December 7, 2017 (English).
- ↑ a b Early Subway Proposals. Transit Toronto, 2006, accessed May 10, 2010 .
- ↑ A History of the Original Yonge Subway. Transit Toronto, 2009, accessed May 10, 2010 .
- ^ The University Subway. Transit Toronto, 2009, accessed May 10, 2010 .
- ^ The North Yonge Extensions. Transit Toronto, 2006, accessed May 10, 2010 .
- ↑ a b The Spadina Subway. Transit Toronto, 2008, accessed May 10, 2010 .
- ^ The Eglinton West Subway. Transit Toronto, 2006, accessed May 13, 2010 .
- ^ A Subway To York University. Toronto Transit Commission, 2006, accessed May 10, 2010 .
- ↑ Toronto-York Spadina subway extension $ 400M over budget. CBC News, January 15, 2016, accessed July 12, 2017 .
- ^ Toronto-York Spadina Subway Extension officially opens to public. CP24, December 17, 2017, accessed December 18, 2017 .
- ^ New subway in sight at last. Toronto Star , July 25, 2008, accessed May 10, 2010 .
- ^ The Unsung Changes to the Yonge Subway. Transit Toronto, 2010, accessed May 10, 2010 .
- ^ Yonge Subway Extension. Toronto Transit Commission, accessed May 10, 2010 .
Yonge University Line |
Bloor Danforth Line |
Scarborough Line |
Sheppard line
Under construction: Eglinton Line | Finch West Line
Unfinished: Eglinton West Subway