Ypsilandra

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Ypsilandra
Ypsilandra thibetica

Ypsilandra thibetica

Systematics
Class : Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
Monocots
Order : Lily-like (Liliales)
Family : Germer family (Melanthiaceae)
Tribe : Heloniadeae
Genre : Ypsilandra
Scientific name
Ypsilandra
Franch.

The plant genus Ypsilandra belongs to the Germer family (Melanthiaceae). The six or so species are common in Asia .

description

Appearance and leaves

Ypsilandra species grow as perennial herbaceous plants . These geophytes form underground, short, thickened, somewhat fleshy rhizomes as survival organs . All parts of the plant are bare.

The leaves are arranged in a basal rosette. The simple leaf blades are linear to lanceolate, obscure-lanceolate or spatulate and gradually narrowed in the lower part like a stalk. There is a parallel nerve.

Inflorescences and flowers

In the axils of the outer leaves are more or less long, upright, unbranched inflorescence shafts that have a few to many scale-shaped leaves. The racemose inflorescences contain 2 to 30 mostly pendulous flowers. There are usually no bracts available.

The hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and threefold. The six identical, durable bracts are free and stand together like a funnel. The colors of the bracts range from white to yellow and from pink to purple, depending on the species. There are nectaries at the base of the bracts . There are two circles with three stamens each; they usually tower over the bracts. Of the very long stamens that are free from one another , the inner ones are fused with the base of the ovary, but never with the bloom cladding. The basifixen anthers are kidney-shaped. Three carpels are fused to form an upper, three-lobed, three- chamber ovary. Each ovary compartment contains many ovules . The stylus , which is short to long, depending on the species, ends in a heady to three-columnar scar .

Fruits and seeds

The ascending capsule fruits are loculicidal, triangular, three-lobed in the upper area and contain many seeds. The narrow spindle-shaped seeds are tailed at both ends.

Chromosome numbers

The chromosome numbers are 2n = 34 only for Ypsilandra thibetica .

Systematics and distribution

The genus Ypsilandra was established in 1888 by Adrien René Franchet in Nouvelles archives du muséum d'histoire naturelle , Série 2, 10, p. 93. Type species is Ypsilandra thibetica Franch. The generic name Ypsilandra is derived from the Greek words ypsilo for Y-shaped and andra for stamen; This refers to the fact that in some species the anthers are split into three lobes like a peace sign.

The genus Ypsilandra in the tribe Heloniadeae within the family Melanthiaceae . The tribe Heloniadeae previously had the rank of a family Heloniadaceae or was classified in the family of the Liliaceae . The tribe Heloniadeae contains three genera, which are all elements of the Arcto-Tertiary Geoflora. Helonias occurs in eastern North America and Ypsilandra (Vietnam via western China to the Himalayas ) and Heloniopsis (Sakhalin, Korea, Taiwan and Japan) occur in eastern Asia (N. Tanaka 1997).

The genus Ypsilandra occurs in Bhutan (one species), Nepal (one species), Myanmar (two species), Vietnam (one species) Taiwan (one species) and the People's Republic of China (all six species, two of them only there).

There are about six types of Ypsilandra :

use

Ypsilandra thibetica (蕊花Ya rui hua) is a hemostatic drug in traditional Chinese medicine used, particularly in the provinces of Sichuan and Yunnan .

swell

  • Chen Xinqi (陈心启) & Minoru N. Tamura: Ypsilandra , p. 86 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi & Peter H. Raven (eds.): Flora of China , Volume 24 - Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2000. ISBN 0-915279-83-5 (Description and Distribution Sections)
  • Noriyuki Tanaka: Phylogenetic and taxonomic studies on Helonias, Ypsilandra and Heloniopsis : 1. Comparison of character states , In: Journal of Japanese Botany , Volume 72, Issue 4, 1997, pp. 221-228, 2. Evolution and geographical distribution , In : Journal of Japanese Botany , Volume 72, Issue 5, 1997, pp. 286-292 and 3. Taxonomic revision , In: Journal of Japanese Botany , Volume 73, Issue 2, 1998, pp. 102-115.
  • Tsai-Wen Hsu, Yoshiko Kono, Tzen-Yuh Chiang & Ching-I Peng: Ypsilandra (Melanthiaceae; Liliaceae sensu lato), a new generic record for Taiwan , In: Botanical Studies , Volume 52, 2011, pp. 99-104. : Full text PDF.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Ypsilandra. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved June 26, 2018.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Chen Xinqi (陈心启), Minoru N. Tamura: Ypsilandra , p. 86 - same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (ed.): Flora of China , Volume 24 - Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2000. ISBN 0-915279-83-5
  3. ^ Ypsilandra at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed April 8, 2013.
  4. ^ A b Ypsilandra in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved April 8, 2013.
  5. ↑ Bai-Bo Xie, Hai-Yang Liu, Wei Ni, Chang-Xiang Chen, Yang Lü, Li Wu & Qi-Tai Zheng: Five new steroidal compounds from Ypsilandra thibetica , In: Chemistry and Biodiversity , Volume 3, Issue 11, 2006, pp. 1211-1218. doi: 10.1002 / cbdv.200690122
  6. ↑ Hong-Tao Li, Hong Wang, Jun-Bo Yang & De-Zhu Li: Genetic diversity of the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Ypsilandra thibetica (Melanthiaceae): Applications for conservation , In: Biochemical Systematics and Ecology , 2011, Volume 39, Issue 4-6, pp. 425-433. doi: 10.1016 / j.bse.2011.06.004

Web links

Commons : Ypsilandra  - collection of images, videos and audio files