Hibernia colliery

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Hibernia colliery
General information about the mine
Hibernia colliery 1911.jpg
historical postcard view from 1911
Mining technology Underground mining
Funding / total Max. 493,072 tons
Information about the mining company
Operating company Hibernia AG
Employees up to 1643
Start of operation 1858
End of operation 1925
Successor use Hibernia experimental pit
Funded raw materials
Degradation of Hard coal
Geographical location
Coordinates 51 ° 30 '16.5 "  N , 7 ° 5' 53.8"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 30 '16.5 "  N , 7 ° 5' 53.8"  E
Hibernia Colliery (Ruhr Regional Association)
Hibernia colliery
Location Hibernia colliery
Location Gelsenkirchen
local community Gelsenkirchen
Independent city ( NUTS3 ) Gelsenkirchen
country State of North Rhine-Westphalia
Country Germany
District Ruhr area

The Hibernia colliery was a hard coal mine in Gelsenkirchen . The Latin term for Ireland was used for the name of the mine. The Hibernia colliery was one of the founding members of the Association for Mining Interests. In addition, the mining company Hibernia was one of the founding members of the Rhenish-Westphalian Coal Syndicate . In the second half of the 19th century, the mine was one of the most important collieries in the Arnsberg administrative district .

history

planning

In the middle of the 19th century there was a considerable expansion of the Ruhr mining industry . Mining was expanded further north of the Ruhr valley. A prerequisite for this economic development was the construction of the Cologne-Minden Railway . In 1846, prospecting licenses were issued for the Christianenglück and Ludwigsglück fields south of Gelsenkirchen. The two prospecting licenses were in the name of the mine accountant a. D. Franz Hilgenstock from Mülheim exhibited. Hilgenstock acted on behalf of the landowner Ludwig van Oven from Huckingen when applying for the two prospecting tickets. However, problems arose when exploring the deposit , because the coal was lying at a depth at which the German engineers had not yet carried out any mining activities. On July 6, 1854, the Geviertfeld Ludwigsglück was awarded . An Irish group of investors dispatched engineer William Thomas Mulvany . The Hibernia trade union was founded in Gelsenkirchen in 1854 . In the middle of the 19th century, mining companies were increasingly founded in the Ruhr area by foreign investors and so the trades of this newly founded union were mostly Irish. William Thomas Mulvany was elected to represent the union. In the same year the Hibernia union took over the two fields Christianenglück and Ludwigsglück. It was decided to build a mine in the Ludwigsglück field. In order for the union to develop the mine field , the problems that arose due to the geology of the deposit had to be solved. Mulvany was able to win the British mining engineer William Coulson from the Durham coalfield for this purpose. The miners required for the practical activities also came from this mining area.

The beginnings

After the union farmers Feldhove and drink one for the construction of surface installations had bought required field, took place on 7 March of 1855 the first sod for the low Bausch night . A few days later, on March 17th, the sinking work of shaft 1 began. The shaft was at the station Gelsenkirchen stated . Because the shaft was geteuft through aquifers, which occurred shaft lining in this bay with cast iron lining segments . This method of shaft construction was unknown to the German mining engineers, as the shaft walls were bricked up here at that time. The construction of the shaft, in particular the method from England using the Küvelage , aroused great interest among German experts. In 1857, next to shaft 1, the sinking work for shaft 2, which was planned as a weather shaft, began. The shaft was set up north of shaft 1 at a distance of 24 laughs . Well 2 was round in cross-section, 10 feet in diameter . In the same year, shaft 1 reached the Carboniferous at a depth of 111 meters . During the sinking work, four viable seams were drilled through at the beginning . These seams belonged to the hanging fat coal section and had a dip to the south of 16.5 to 21.6 gons . On June 20 of the same year, the Ludwigsglück field was consolidated with the Neu-Christiansglück Geviertfeld to form Hibernia . At that time, the rights holders covered an area of ​​2.1 km 2 . At that time, the mine belonged to the Oberbergamtsiertel Dortmund and there to the Altendorf mining area . In 1858, the first level was set in shaft 1 at a depth of 162 meters (−112 m above sea ​​level ) and the second level at a depth of 195 meters (−145 m above sea level). The sinking work on shaft 2 was initially deferred . In order for the miners to have an apartment near the mine, Mulvany had the Balaklava settlement built. The settlement was in today's Neustadt in the area of ​​Schwanenstrasse.

The first years of operation

As late as 1858, the shaft 1 has in promoting go. In order to further align the field , a midsole was excavated above and below the 1st level in the seams . Because of the good storage conditions, the miners were able to achieve very good extraction results at this point in time. However, it was already becoming apparent that the mine would soon have to penetrate into greater depths due to the high production. Since there was strong inflow of mine water underground, it was imperative to further sink the second shaft. In 1860, the sinking work on shaft 2 was resumed. Cable travel was introduced in shaft 1 in the same year . The Hibernia colliery was thus one of the first mines to be used for cable travel using a cage . In the following year, shaft 2 started mining from the 2nd level. The mine was now part of the Steele mining district. At this point in time, the weather stretches in the individual seams were driven further. The pit field was further aligned. Coals were extracted on both levels and new mining operations were set up . In 1862 the mining operations ran smoothly and the coal was mined regularly. Extraction work had to be accelerated in seams no. 4 and no. 5, the reason for this being the higher rock pressure prevailing in this area . In 1863, the third level was set at a depth of 212 meters (−162 m above sea level). In 1868, the 4th level was set via blind shafts at a depth of 238 meters (−188 m above sea level). Just two years later, the 5th level was set at a depth of 260 meters (−210 m above sea level).

In 1872 there was a mine fire , the effects of which were so severe that production had to be stopped. Subsequently, the drained pits had to be swamped again on the 4th level. Funding could be resumed at the end of the year. In the same year, the sinking work on shaft 1 was resumed and the shaft was sunk deeper. In 1873, shaft 1 was penetrated with the 5th level . Due to the economic crisis that followed the upswing after the Franco-Prussian War, the Hibernia company got into financial difficulties. For this reason, the two mines Shamrock and Hibernia were sold to two Berlin banks. The two banks set up a new company to take over. In the same year the original union went into the newly formed Hibernia and Shamrock mining company . The new stock corporation was founded with a share capital of 5,600,000 thalers and took over the mining assets of the two trade unions Shamrock and Hibernia. William Thomas Mulvany was elected as chairman of the supervisory board of the new company. In 1875, shaft 2 was sunk down to the fifth level. The hearth for the weather stove was lowered to the third level in the same year. In 1876, the sinking work on shaft 1 was resumed and the shaft was sunk deeper. The 6th level was set at a depth of 305 meters (−255 m above sea level). In the following year, the 7th level was set in shaft 1 at a depth of 350 meters (−300 m above sea level). In addition, this year shaft 2 was sunk deeper to the 6th level. In 1880, shaft 2 was equipped with a steel headframe .

The further expansion and operation of the mine

In 1882, the 8th level was set using a die . This level was aligned at a depth of 430 meters (−380 m above sea level) . In 1884, shaft 2 was sunk down to the 7th level. In the following year a die was sunk from the 8th level and the 9th level was set at a depth of 520 meters (−470 m above sea level). In 1887, shaft 2 (weather shaft) was sunk deeper to the 9th level. In the same year there was a firedamp explosion in shaft 2 , killing 52 miners. In the following year, shaft 1 to the 8th level was sunk. In 1890, the 10th level was set in shaft 2 at a depth of 610 meters (−560 m above sea level). In order to get another shaft for ventilation , the sinking work for shaft 3 was started in 1891. On January 23rd of this year there was a coal dust explosion , in which 57 miners were killed. The ninth level was set in shaft 1 this year. A coking plant went into operation on October 15th . In 1893, shaft 1 was sunk to the 10th level. In the same year, the 9th level became the main extraction level. In 1894, shaft 3 was put into operation as a weather shaft. The shaft was in operation up to the 10th level. On January 5th there was another firedamp explosion, in which three miners were killed. In 1898, mining began on the 10th level . In 1903, the sinking work on shaft 2 was resumed and the shaft was sunk deeper. In the same year, the eleventh level was set at a depth of 710 meters (−660 m above sea level). In 1907, the sinking work on shaft 3 was resumed and the shaft was sunk deeper. In 1910, shaft 3 was penetrated with the 11th level. The coking plant was shut down on July 24th of the same year. In 1913, shaft 1 to level 11 was put into operation.

The last few years until the shutdown

During the First World War, the Prussian state parliament passed a law by which the state government was authorized to acquire the remaining free shares in the mining company Hibernia. Through this measure the mining company Hibernia was nationalized. The Supervisory Board then resigned from its mandate. In 1920, the 12th level was set in shaft 1 at a depth of 880 meters (−911 m above sea level). As part of the rationalization measures of the 1920s, Hibernia AG decided to shut down the Hibernia colliery. After the coal reserves were largely depleted, the Hibernia colliery was shut down on July 31, 1925 for economic reasons. The mines remained open for maintenance work. In the years 1926 and 1927, small amounts of coal were mined again as a deputate.

Promotion and workforce

High-quality, very lumpy flame coal and very good gas coal were extracted from the mine. The first known production and workforce figures come from the year 1858, when 195 miners were employed in the mine, who produced 18,371 tons of hard coal . In 1860, 583 employees produced 148,853 tonnes of hard coal. In 1862 a production of 849,714 Prussian tons of hard coal was achieved. This promotion was provided by 527 miners. In 1866, 602,845 Prussian tons of hard coal were mined, the workforce was 602 employees. In 1870, 722 employees produced 168,270 tons of hard coal. In 1875, 865 employees produced almost 196,000 tons of hard coal. In 1880 the production rose to 316,682 tons of hard coal, the workforce was 1174 employees. The maximum production of the mine was achieved in 1884. This year 493,072 tons of hard coal were mined. In 1885, with 1,556 employees, 486,618 tons of hard coal were mined. In 1890, 443,783 tons of hard coal were extracted. This funding was provided by 1464 miners. In 1895, 1,169 employees produced 295,162 tons of hard coal. In 1900, 1111 employees produced 329,000 tonnes of hard coal. In 1905 a production of 239,598 tons of hard coal was achieved. This promotion was provided by 1043 miners. In 1913, 1215 employees produced 337,000 tons of hard coal. In 1924 there were still 1643 employees on the mine, 303,060 tons of hard coal were extracted. These are the last known production and workforce figures for the Hibernia colliery as a mining mine.

Subsequent use

The buildings and shafts were leased to the Versuchsgrubengesellschaft mbH (GBAG) in 1927. This company, founded on October 7, 1927, operated the Hibernia experimental pit for several years. The purpose of this pit was to mine coal for experimental purposes and to provide the deputate. Between 1928 and 1942, the Hibernia experimental pit was operated with up to 109 miners. Up to 9028 tons of hard coal were mined. In 1941 it was planned to restart the mine for regular extraction, but this plan was not implemented. In the same year, the mine field of the former Hibernia colliery was divided up and leased between the neighboring Dahlbusch collieries , Consolidation and GBAG. In 1942 the mine field was leased to the Consolidation and Dahlbusch collieries. At the end of 1943, the Hibernia experimental pit was closed. The two mines Consolidation and Dahlbusch continued to use the rights. Shaft 1 came to the Dahlbusch colliery as an external shaft system , was in operation until 1961 and was backfilled in the same year . Shaft 3 was operated by the Consolidation colliery as an external shaft until 1964 and dropped and filled in the same year .

Current condition

After the final abandonment of the Hibernia mine field, the remaining daytime facilities were demolished. Only the ventilation pipes on the former shafts have been preserved. Hiberniastraße in the center of Gelsenkirchen is still reminiscent of the name of the Hibernia colliery. In the Protestant cemetery on Kirchstrasse, the tombstones of the former Irish miners still remind of the first "guest workers in the mining industry". The Gelsenkirchen Hygiene Institute is located on the site of the former colliery; the terrain is no longer recognizable as a mining area. About 100 meters south of the railway line, Wiehagen street marks the edge of the district of the same name .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Joachim Huske : The coal mines in the Ruhr area. Data and facts from the beginning to 2005 (= publications from the German Mining Museum Bochum 144) 3rd revised and expanded edition. Self-published by the German Mining Museum, Bochum 2006, ISBN 3-937203-24-9 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Wilhelm Hermann, Gertrude Hermann: The old collieries on the Ruhr. 4th edition. Publishing house Karl Robert Langewiesche, successor Hans Köster, Königstein i. Taunus 1994, ISBN 3-7845-6992-7 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Gerhard Gebhardt: Ruhr mining. History, structure and interdependence of its societies and organizations. Verlag Glückauf GmbH, Essen 1957
  4. ↑ a b H. Fleck, E. Hartwig: History, statistics and technology of coal in Germany and other countries in Europe . R. Oldenbourg, Munich 1865
  5. ↑ a b c d e f Hermann Kellenbenz (ed.): William Thomas Mulvany - an Irish entrepreneur in the Ruhr area 1806-1885 . Self-published research institute for social and economic history at the University of Cologne, Cologne 1970
  6. ↑ a b Thomas Parent: The Ruhr area; From the golden middle ages to industrial culture. 5th edition. DuMont Reiseverlag, Ostfildern 2011, ISBN 978-3-7701-3159-4 .
  7. ↑ a b c Jan Totzek: The Prussian state as a colliery founder . In: E.ON Kraftwerke GmbH, Regional Center West Public Relations (Ed.): Next door, newspaper for the neighbors of the E.On Scholven power plant. Special edition, NL Medienservive GmbH & Ko KG, Gelsenkirchen August 2008, pp. 4–5
  8. ^ A b c Hubert Kurowski: Time leaps, Gelsenkirchen. 1st edition. Sutton Verlag GmbH, Erfurt 2011, ISBN 978-3-86680-795-2 .
  9. ↑ a b R. v. Carnall (Hrsg.): Journal for the mountain, hut and saltworks in the Prussian state. Fifth volume, published by Wilhelm Hertz , Berlin 1858
  10. ↑ a b Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Sixth volume, published by the royal and secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1858
  11. ↑ Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Eighth volume, published by the royal and secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1860
  12. ↑ Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Tenth volume, published by the royal and secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1862
  13. ↑ Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Eleventh volume, published by the royal and secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1863
  14. ↑ The coal of the Ruhr area . Compilation of the most important mines in the Ruhr coal mining area, specifying the quality of the coal mined, the rail connections, as well as the mining and freight rates. Second, completely revised and completed edition, published by the M. DuMont-Schauberg'schen Buchhandlung, Cologne 1874
  15. ^ Royal Statistical Bureau in Berlin (ed.): Prussian Statistics XIII . Comparative overview of the course of industry, trade and traffic in the Prussian state 1866. Verlag Ernst Kuehn's statistical Separat-Conto, Berlin 1868