Julia colliery

Julia colliery
	General information about the mine
	Julia colliery, remainder of shaft 2
other names	Barillon colliery
Mining technology	Underground mining
Funding / total	Max. = 815,000 t
	Information about the mining company
Operating company	Société civile des Charbonnages de Herne-Bochum / SA Belge des Charbonnages d 'Herne-Bochum / Harpener Bergbau AG
Employees	up to 2274
Start of operation	1869
End of operation	1966
Successor use	Wholesale market, trade
	Funded raw materials
Degradation of	Hard coal
	Geographical location
Coordinates	51 ° 32 '33.1 " N , 7 ° 11' 34" E Coordinates: 51 ° 32 '33.1 " N , 7 ° 11' 34" E
	Location Julia Colliery
Location	Baukau
local community	Herne
District ( NUTS3 )	Herne
country	State of North Rhine-Westphalia
Country	Germany
District	Ruhr area

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The Julia Zeche was a hard coal mine in the area of the city of Herne in the Baukau district . From 1869 to 1889 it was run under the name Barillon Colliery . After the mine was closed, the Herner wholesale market was set up on the mine site in 1964.

history

The beginnings

In the middle of the 19th century, the merchant Wilhelm Endemann and the farmers Abendroth and Sandforth put forward an idea for the fields Julia, Julia I and Bibania I. The ceremony for the fields Julia, Julia and I Bibania I was carried out in 1857. Already in 1858 was Muter end man on the right conferred on mine fields to find any. On March 1, 1867, the Societe civile belge des Carbonnages de Herne-Bochum acquired the mine ownership . The sinking work for shaft 1 began in the same year . The following year, the shaft reached the coal mountains at a depth of 180 meters . In the same year, the first level to the south was set at a depth of 203 meters (−153 m above sea level ). However, this sole remained insignificant and was later no longer mentioned in the documents. The first level to the north was then set at a depth of 213 meters (−163 m above sea level). This level was later also referred to as the 210-meter level. In 1869 the name was changed to Zeche Barillon . The name of the barillon comes from the French and means " large barrel " in German .

Operation as Barillon colliery

In 1869, Shaft 1 was renamed Shaft Barillon. After the shaft had been sunk to a depth of 133 puddles , the sinking work for the last 17 puddles was postponed in order to be able to install the dewatering pumps first . In the same year, the 2nd level was initially set at a depth of 122 Lachter (255 meters), then the 1st level. The second level was at −204 meters above sea level. For dewatering in the same year a suction set with a diameter of eleven were inches and a height of 30 Lachter, along with a print pack with a diameter of 17 inches and a height of 100 Lachter installed. The shaft was equipped with a steel head frame. The Barillon shaft was the first shaft in the Ruhr area to be fitted with a steel head frame . In addition, a coking plant with 50 Smet ovens was completed over several days . Promotion began in the same year. At that time the mine was part of the Bochum mining area . In 1870 the sinking work on the Barillon shaft was continued. In the same year the shaft reached a depth of 329 meters. At that time the mine belonged to the Recklinghausen mining area. On March 7, a firedamp explosion occurred in which five miners were killed. In 1872 the third level was set at a depth of 308 meters (−257 m above sea level).

On May 4, 1872, a fire broke out on the Zechenplatz, which grew very quickly and endangered the miners working underground due to the fire gases produced . The fire also spread to the hoisting ropes and burned them through, so that both hoisting cages fell into the sump . The headframe and all buildings adjacent to the shaft were also destroyed. 16 miners who were trapped underground were able to flee to the bottom of the weather and were later rescued from there. Due to the consequences of the fire, production was stopped until the beginning of 1873. The repair of the fire damage continued until 1875. Processing was started in 1875 . In January 1877 there was a major defect in the drainage system , so that the mine flooded over the 2nd level . In December of the same year the shaft was swamped . In 1879 the mine had its own coking plant . In 1880 the breakthrough to the Providence colliery ( Von der Heydt colliery ) took place. On August 27, another firedamp explosion occurred, in which seven miners were killed. In 1884 the breakthrough to the Clerget colliery ( Recklinghausen colliery ) took place. In 1886 work began on digging a weather shaft, later shaft 3, next to the Barillon shaft. From 1888 the weather shaft was in operation up to the 2nd level. From May 8th to May 28th, 1889, there was a strike at the mine . The reason was the poor wages. Because of the strike, the military moved into Herne. At the end of the strike, the miners were able to enforce their demands. On November 9th of the same year, Harpener Bergbau AG acquired the Barillon colliery.

The other years

In 1889 the mine was renamed to Zeche Julia . At this point in time, the weather shaft was in operation up to the second level. In the same year, the sinking work in shaft 1 was resumed and the shaft was sunk deeper. The fourth level was set at a depth of 399 meters (−348 m above sea level). The coking plant was also put into operation. In 1892 the mine with the Von der Heydt colliery broke through . In the same year, a blind shaft was sunk from the 4th level and the 5th level was added over the blind shaft at a depth of 464 meters (−348 m above sea level). In 1897 the coking plant was rebuilt. In the same year, another blind shaft was sunk underground. The blind shaft was planned as an auxiliary shaft for the main shaft. After 53 meters, the President seam was cut through with the blind shaft. The mine was now part of the Herne mining district. In 1898, were on the bill Julia six seams in Verhieb , the thickness of these seams was 0.9 to 2.2 meters. Four of the seams under construction were made of pure coal, the remaining two seams had a mining portion of 0.2 to 0.5 meters. In 1903, the sinking work for the Julia 2 shaft began. The shaft was beside pit one set . In the following year, shaft 2 reached the Carboniferous at a depth of 180 meters. In the same year, the sinking work in shaft 1 was resumed and the shaft was sunk down to the 5th level. In 1905, shaft 2 was penetrated by the fourth level.

From the year 1905 were presented at the mine in the track promotion gasoline-powered mining locomotives used. The first locomotives were used on the 4th level, they had an output of twelve hp and could be used up to a gradient of 1: 250. In 1906, shaft 2 was penetrated with the 5th level. In 1907 the excavation work on shaft 2 was finished. In the same year, mining began in shaft 2 . In addition, extensive repairs were carried out in shaft 1 this year. In the following year, shaft 1 went into production again. At this time, changes to the trams were introduced in line funding . In order to reduce the distance between cars in the individual train sets, smaller connecting toggles were used on the trams. In 1912, vibrating slides were used for trackless conveyance for the first time . In 1914, with the opening of the Rhine-Herne Canal, the port of Julia was built on its north side ( 51 ° 33 ′ 5 ″ N , 7 ° 10 ′ 55 ″ E ). The colliery was initially connected by a cable car. In 1915, production in shaft 1 was stopped. In 1918 the Julia mine took over the promotion of the Von der Heydt mine. During the revolution on November 9th of the same year, there were only a few disruptions at the Julia mine. In 1925, shaft 3 to the third level was put into operation. In 1928 the Julia and Von der Heydt mines were merged. The daily operation of Von der Heydt was shut down, shafts 1 and 2 of the Von der Heydt colliery remained in operation for ventilation . On October 1st of the same year the coking plant was shut down. 51.5515 7.182

The last few years

In 1931 a joint central processing plant was set up with the Recklinghausen II colliery at the Julia port. In 1933, excavation work on shaft 2 was resumed and the shaft was sunk deeper. In 1935, the 6th level was set at a depth of 566 meters (−515 m above sea level). In November 1937 the coking plant was put back into operation. In 1940, shaft 1 to level 6 was put into operation. During the Second World War , the Julia colliery was badly damaged by air raids in 1944. After the Second World War, the Julia colliery was confiscated by the Allied occupying powers in 1945. In the period that followed, the National Socialist shop stewards were replaced by freely elected works councils at all Ruhr mines . At the Julia colliery, a National Socialist trust council kept the minutes of the constituent meeting of the newly elected works council. From the following works council meeting, the trust council was excluded from the meeting. In January 1947 the coking plant was shut down again. In 1950 the name of the mine was changed to Zeche Julia / Von der Heydt . In March 1951, there was a serious accident on the line conveyor. When moving empty wagons, the reel rope broke and fatally injured a conveyor man . In 1952, parts of the mine field were leased to the Wisoka union. In 1954 a breakthrough was made on the 5th level with the Recklinghausen colliery . Towards the end of the 1950s there were the first sales difficulties for the coals produced on Julia. For this reason, the plant management decided to merge the Julia plant with other mines to form a large shaft. On January 1, 1957, there was an association with the Recklinghausen colliery as the Julia-Recklinghausen colliery . On June 15, 1961, Julia's daytime facilities were shut down. From June 30 of the same year, the production on the Julia part of the operation was shut down, the coal was mined underground to the Recklinghausen colliery. Subsequently, the entire extraction took place at the Julia-Recklinghausen II mine. Shafts 2 and 3 of the Julia colliery in Herne were abandoned in 1965 and later filled . Shaft 1 was abandoned and backfilled in 1966.

Promotion and workforce

The first workforce at the mine dates back to 1869. In that year the mine had a workforce of 220, and 6928 tons of hard coal were extracted. In 1870 production rose to 51,441 tons. The workforce was 424 employees. In 1875 annual production increased again to 99,464 tons of coal. This funding was provided with 567 employees. In 1880 there was another increase in production, with 421 employees producing 163,553 tonnes of hard coal. Good forge coals and fairly good fat coals were produced in the mine. Five years later, 775 miners were employed at the mine, and production rose to 283,553 tons. In 1888 the production rose again to 285,637 tons of hard coal. This funding was provided with 759 employees. In 1890, 1,000 employees produced around 303,000 tons of hard coal. In 1895, 264,479 tons of hard coal were extracted; the workforce in that year was 982 employees. In 1900, more than 413,000 tons of hard coal were extracted and the workforce was 1,186.

In 1905 the production sank to 364,866 tons, the workforce was 1355 employees. In 1910 production rose to 451,351 tons of hard coal. This funding was provided with 1542 employees. In 1913, production passed the 500,000 ton mark for the first time. This year, 539,822 tons of hard coal were extracted; the workforce was 1777 this year. In 1920 the production sank to 460,774 tons, the workforce was 2274 employees. In 1925, 471,355 tons of hard coal were extracted and the workforce was 1,719. In 1930 around 564,000 tons of hard coal were mined with 1,855 employees. In 1935, 571,763 tons of hard coal were extracted and the workforce was 1236. The highest funding was provided in 1939. In this year 815,000 tons of hard coal were mined, the workforce was 1996 employees. In 1945 the production sank to 173,160 tons, the workforce was 1397 employees. In 1949, the production rose to around 577,000 tons of hard coal. The workforce was 2294 employees. These are the last known sponsorship and workforce figures.

Shaft coordinates

Map with all coordinates of the shafts: OSM

Map with all coordinates of the item: OSM | WikiMap

Bay 1: 51 ° 32 ′ 33.1 ″ N , 7 ° 11 ′ 34 ″ E51.542533333333 7.1927666666667
Bay 2: 51 ° 32 ′ 28.3 " N , 7 ° 11 ′ 30" E51.541203 7.191661
Weather well 3: 51 ° 32 ′ 34.9 ″ N , 7 ° 11 ′ 36.2 ″ E51.543029 7.193398

Current condition

The former colliery site is on Juliastrasse. There is (as of 2008) a part of the colliery wall, somewhat rebuilt but still recognizable, the machine house ( 51 ° 32 ′ 33.7 ″ N , 7 ° 11 ′ 34.8 ″ E ) from shaft 1, in which there is a Auto repair shop is located. Behind it is the cover of the weather shaft 3 and the gym ( 51 ° 32 ′ 34.8 ″ N , 7 ° 11 ′ 38.4 ″ E ). To the right of the machine house is a hall for the ammonia factory. In front of the machine house, the covered shaft 1 and the electrical center can be seen. At the parking lot of a department store next to the wholesale market, shaft 2 with a sign can be seen. In 1964, the Herner wholesale market was opened on the former south-eastern part of the colliery site ( 51 ° 32 ′ 26.2 ″ N , 7 ° 11 ′ 37 ″ E ). The Julia port, originally laid out for the removal of coal, is now used to deliver hard coal to the Herne Baukau power station . 51.5427 7.19351,543 7,19451.5406 7.1936

literature

Joachim Huske: The coal mines in the Ruhr area. Data and facts from the beginning to 2005 . Deutsches Bergbau-Museum, Bochum, 3rd, revised and expanded edition. 1998, ISBN 3-937203-24-9 , pp. 555–556.
Norbert Meier: The Recklinghausen, Julia and von der Heydt mines. Coal mining in Recklinghausen-Süd and Herne . Friends of Mining Historic Sites Ruhrrevier eV, Recklinghausen 2016, ISBN 978-3-00-053149-1 .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad Joachim Huske : The coal mines in the Ruhr area. Data and facts from the beginning until 2005 (= publications from the German Mining Museum Bochum. 144). 3rd revised and expanded edition. Self-published by the German Mining Museum, Bochum 2006, ISBN 3-937203-24-9 .
↑ ^a ^b Julia. In: Cultural Office of the City of Herne. (Ed.): SchachtZeichen in Herne and Wanne-Eickel. City of Herne, City Marketing Herne, Herne 2010, p. 24.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Wolfgang Viehweger: Trace of coal: Europe in Herne and Wanne-Eickel. Frischtexte Verlag, Herne 2000, ISBN 3-933059-03-8 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q Wilhelm Hermann, Gertrude Hermann: The old collieries on the Ruhr. 4th edition. Publishing house Karl Robert Langewiesche, successor Hans Köster, Königstein i. Taunus 1994, ISBN 3-7845-6992-7 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Gerhard Gebhardt: Ruhr mining. History, structure and interdependence of its societies and organizations. Glückauf Verlag, Essen 1957.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Ministry of Trade and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and salt works in the Prussian state. Volume 18, published by Ernst & Korn, Berlin 1870.
↑ ^a ^b Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. 19th volume, published by Ernst & Korn, Berlin 1871.
↑ Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Volume 46, published by Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn, Berlin 1898.
^ Association for Mining Interests in the Upper Mining District Dortmund: The development of the Lower Rhine-Westphalian hard coal mining in the second half of the 19th century . Julius Springer's publishing bookstore, Berlin 1902.
↑ F. Schulte: The mine railways. With special consideration of the locomotive operation . 2nd, improved and increased edition. Publishing house bookstore GD Baedeker, Essen 1915, p. 81.
↑ Oskar Schulz: The devices used in the mines of the Rhenish-Westphalian industrial district to connect the trolleys. In: Association for mining interests in the upper mining district Dortmund. (Ed.): Glückauf, Berg- und Hüttenmännische magazine. 46th year, No. 43, Essen 1910, pp. 1687–1693.
^ Klaus Dieter Henke: The American occupation of Germany. 2nd Edition. R. Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich 1995, ISBN 3-486-56175-8 , p. 623.
↑ Ralf Piorr (ed.): On site - history and importance of mining in Herne and Wanne-Eickel. adhoc Verlag, Herne 2010, ISBN 978-3-9814087-0-6 , p. 211.
↑ The coal of the Ruhr area . Compilation of the most important mines in the Ruhr coal mining area, specifying the quality of the coal mined, the rail connections, as well as the mining and freight rates. 2nd, completely revised and completed edition. Publishing bookstore of the M. DuMont-Schauberg'schen Buchhandlung, Cologne 1874.

Web links

Commons : Zeche Julia - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Information on the website of the city of Herne (last accessed on July 8, 2014)
Fördergerüst.de Barillon (last accessed on July 8, 2014)
Fördergerüst.de Julia (last accessed on July 8, 2014)

[Quelle_1-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad Joachim Huske : The coal mines in the Ruhr area. Data and facts from the beginning until 2005 (= publications from the German Mining Museum Bochum. 144). 3rd revised and expanded edition. Self-published by the German Mining Museum, Bochum 2006, ISBN 3-937203-24-9 .

[Quelle_8-2] Julia. In: Cultural Office of the City of Herne. (Ed.): SchachtZeichen in Herne and Wanne-Eickel. City of Herne, City Marketing Herne, Herne 2010, p. 24.

[Quelle_4-3] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Wolfgang Viehweger: Trace of coal: Europe in Herne and Wanne-Eickel. Frischtexte Verlag, Herne 2000, ISBN 3-933059-03-8 .

[Quelle_2-4] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q Wilhelm Hermann, Gertrude Hermann: The old collieries on the Ruhr. 4th edition. Publishing house Karl Robert Langewiesche, successor Hans Köster, Königstein i. Taunus 1994, ISBN 3-7845-6992-7 .

[Quelle_3-5] Gerhard Gebhardt: Ruhr mining. History, structure and interdependence of its societies and organizations. Glückauf Verlag, Essen 1957.

[Quelle_6-6] Ministry of Trade and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and salt works in the Prussian state. Volume 18, published by Ernst & Korn, Berlin 1870.

[Quelle_7-7] Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. 19th volume, published by Ernst & Korn, Berlin 1871.

[Quelle_9-8] Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Volume 46, published by Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn, Berlin 1898.

[Quelle_10-9] Association for Mining Interests in the Upper Mining District Dortmund: The development of the Lower Rhine-Westphalian hard coal mining in the second half of the 19th century . Julius Springer's publishing bookstore, Berlin 1902.

[Quelle_11-10] F. Schulte: The mine railways. With special consideration of the locomotive operation . 2nd, improved and increased edition. Publishing house bookstore GD Baedeker, Essen 1915, p. 81.

[Quelle_12-11] Oskar Schulz: The devices used in the mines of the Rhenish-Westphalian industrial district to connect the trolleys. In: Association for mining interests in the upper mining district Dortmund. (Ed.): Glückauf, Berg- und Hüttenmännische magazine. 46th year, No. 43, Essen 1910, pp. 1687–1693.

[Quelle_13-12] Klaus Dieter Henke: The American occupation of Germany. 2nd Edition. R. Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich 1995, ISBN 3-486-56175-8 , p. 623.

[Quelle_5-13] Ralf Piorr (ed.): On site - history and importance of mining in Herne and Wanne-Eickel. adhoc Verlag, Herne 2010, ISBN 978-3-9814087-0-6 , p. 211.

[Quelle_14-14] The coal of the Ruhr area . Compilation of the most important mines in the Ruhr coal mining area, specifying the quality of the coal mined, the rail connections, as well as the mining and freight rates. 2nd, completely revised and completed edition. Publishing bookstore of the M. DuMont-Schauberg'schen Buchhandlung, Cologne 1874.