Von der Heydt colliery

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Von der Heydt colliery
General information about the mine
Heydt colliery 1907.jpg
old postcard view from 1907
other names Herne
colliery Providence colliery
Mining technology Underground mining
Funding / year Max. 471,987 t
Information about the mining company
Operating company Société civile des Charbonnages de Herne-Bochum / SA Belge des Charbonnages d 'Herne-Bochum / Harpener Bergbau AG / Reichswerke AG for ore mining and ironworks “Hermann Göring” / AG for mining and smelting operations
Employees up to 1424
Start of operation 1866
End of operation 1928
Successor use Kleinzeche Von der Heydt, later residential development
Funded raw materials
Degradation of Hard coal
Geographical location
Coordinates 51 ° 32 '33.4 "  N , 7 ° 12' 33.4"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 32 '33.4 "  N , 7 ° 12' 33.4"  E
Von der Heydt Colliery (Ruhr Regional Association)
Von der Heydt colliery
Location Von der Heydt colliery
Location Baukau
local community Herne
Independent city ( NUTS3 ) Herne
country State of North Rhine-Westphalia
Country Germany
District Ruhr area

The Von der Heydt colliery is a former hard coal mine in Herne - Baukau . The mine was also at times under the name Zeche Herne or Zeche Providence . The Von der Heydt colliery is one of the oldest collieries in the old town of Herne.

history

The beginnings

In the middle of the 19th century, under the direction of the engineer John Coghlen, the first exploratory drilling was carried out in Herne-Baukau. On April 7, 1855, a drilling team stumbled upon coal at a depth of 162 meters on a farmland south of today's Rottbruchstrasse . On November 15 of the same year the merchant Wilhelm Endemann gave up the courage . The mother Wilhelm Endemann named the mine field after the Prussian finance minister " Von der Heydt ". On June 13, 1857, the Von der Heydt square and on July 2 of the same year the Von der Heydt IV square was awarded . On May 13, 1858, the Von der Heydt I quarter field was awarded. On December 22nd, 1859, the Von der Heydt III square was awarded. This square had been muted under the name of Karpus. On February 3, 1860, the Von der Heydt II square was awarded. In 1864, the Société civile des Charbonnages de Herne - Bochum , German: Bürgerliche Bergwerks-Gesellschaft Herne and Bochum , acquired the coal field from mother Wilhelm Endemann. Representative of the company was the engineer Pierre Monin. In the same year, the sinking work for the first shaft began. The shaft Providence (French: Providence ) was on the road to Crange , about 500 m west of the train station Herne , in the immediate vicinity of the Cologne-Minden railway set . During the sinking work there were initially stronger water inflows. For this reason, the first 18 were Lachter with tubbing expanded. After the marl layer was encountered, the water inflows decreased significantly. Up to a depth of 49 Lachtern, the expansion was initially continued using tubbing. After that, the other shaft was with a masonry expanded . At that time the mine was part of the Bochum mining area . In 1865, the shaft reached at a depth of 159 meters carbon . The following year, the marl bottom was set at a depth of 177 meters (−120 m above sea ​​level ). In the same year, the first level was set at a depth of 196 meters (−139 m above sea level) and the second level at a depth of 226 meters (−169 m above sea level).

The first years of operation

The colliery began to produce coal in 1866. In 1867 the sinking work for shaft 2 began. The shaft was placed next to shaft 1. In the same year was above-ground a rail connection to Cologne-Minden railway made. In 1868 the Herne colliery was renamed the Von der Heydt colliery. The Berechtsame included at this time two square fields. The shaft 1 continued up to the 2nd floor in the promotion . The sinking work in shaft 2 was stopped due to strong water inflows. As a result, the mine workings were only ventilated through one shaft. On February 10, 1869, there was a firedamp explosion at the mine , killing three miners . To improve ventilation, a Guibal type pit ventilator was put into operation above ground. In addition, a coal washing machine and 36 coke ovens were installed. Underground in the south was weather crosscut a water dam to relieve the drainage was built, over which the mine water retained and then depending on the workload of the dewatering equipment could be removed. In the same year the name was changed to Zeche Providence.

From 1871, improved safety lights were introduced at the mine . In 1874, the third level was set in shaft 1 at a depth of 269 meters (−212 m above sea level). In 1878 the 4th level was set at a depth of 345 meters (−288 m above sea level). In the following year the coking plant was put into operation. In 1880 a breakthrough was made on the third level with the Barillon colliery . In 1881 a carbon copy was made with the Clerget colliery . From 1884 the 4th level was aligned . In 1888, at a depth of 415 meters (−358 m above sea level), the 5th level was set using a substructure . In December of that year, the mine was taken over by Harpener Bergbau AG . With the takeover, the mine was renamed to Zeche Von der Heydt . Providence Bay continued to exist under this name. At this point in time, the authorized person comprised five square fields. In 1891, the sinking work on shaft 1 was resumed and the shaft was sunk deeper to the 5th level. In 1894, the sinking work on shaft 2 was resumed.

The other years

In 1895, shaft 2 reached the Carboniferous. In the following year, shaft 2 started mining from the 4th level. In 1897 the sinking work on shaft 2 was resumed and the shaft was sunk down to the 5th level. In the same year, the shaft was equipped with a second hanging bench and four-tier conveyor baskets . A cable car was put into operation to transport the coals to the coke ovens. The mine was now part of the Herne mining district. In 1898, the 6th level was set in shaft 2 at a depth of 475 meters (−418 m above sea level). At that time in the mine a total of three seams in Verhieb , it was a seam with mountains means , the other two seams were made of pure carbon. The thickness of the seams was between 0.7 and 3.5 meters, in the case of the seam with recovery means the thickness of the recovery means was between 0.2 and 1.2 meters. In 1899, shaft 1 was sunk down to the 6th level. After the renovation of the Hern train station and the elevation of the tracks, the colliery's sidings could only be used to a limited extent for coal transport due to the steep incline. In 1902, the sinking work on shaft 1 was continued and the shaft was sunk deeper. In 1903, the 7th level was set in shaft 1 at a depth of 575 meters (−518 m above sea level). In the same year, the sinking work on shaft 2 was continued and the shaft was sunk deeper. In 1905, shaft 2 was penetrated by the 7th level. In 1906 the 8th level was set in shaft 2 at a depth of 675 meters (−618 m above sea level) and the 9th level in the same year at a depth of 773 meters (−716 m above sea level).

In the following years, the Von der Heydt colliery was supposed to supply electrical energy to the neighboring mines of Harpener Bergbau AG. However, the mine’s existing power plants were not efficient enough for this. For this reason the construction of a new coal mine power plant became necessary. In 1910 the 7th level was abandoned. The reason for this measure was that only lean coal was present in the area of ​​the 7th level. In the same year the construction of a new coal mine power plant began. The power plant was equipped with a three-phase generator with an electrical output of 1250 KVA . A three-stage steam turbine was installed to drive the generator. On October 1st of the same year a briquette factory went into operation. On June 21, 1911, the parts of the coal mine power plant were subjected to an acceptance test. The coking plant was shut down in July of the same year. In 1912, vibratory chutes were used for underground extraction at the mine for the first time . From 1915 the city of Herne began to expand the station. A few years later, this measure had an extremely unfavorable effect on the mine’s sales.

The last few years

In March 1916 the briquette factory was shut down. During the expansion of the Hern train station, which began in 1915, the track systems of the train station were raised. After the expansion of the track system was completed in 1918, the colliery's sidings were too steep. As a result, the sales situation on Von der Heydt deteriorated considerably. As of July 1 of the same year, the promotion to Von der Heydt was therefore discontinued and the promotion was taken over by the Julia mine . The coal mined on Von der Heydt was conveyed underground to the Julia mine, where it was conveyed to the surface. Shafts 1 and 2 of the Von der Heydt colliery remained in operation as a cable car and material shafts as well as for ventilation . On April 1, 1928, the Von der Heydt colliery was completely taken over by the Julia colliery. In 1940, Harpener Bergbau AG, headed by Friedrich Flick , exchanged its Herne colliery group, including the Von der Heydt and Julia collieries, and the Reichswerke AG for ore mining and ironworks "Hermann Göring" for shares in other mining companies. The ownership of the Reichswerke finally went to the stock corporation for mining and smelting operations in 1945.

Promotion and workforce

The first workforce at the mine dates back to 1864, in that year 43 people were employed at the mine. The first production figures of the mine come from the year 1867, in that year with 646 employees a production of 18,318 tons of hard coal was produced. In 1869 the production rose to around 165,000 tons of hard coal, the workforce was 545 employees. In 1875, 182,569 tons of hard coal were mined with 613 employees. Good fat coals and forged coals were extracted from the mine. The coals were mainly used to produce coke . In 1880 the workforce was 476, the production amounted to 216,796 tons of hard coal. In 1885, 322,645 tons of hard coal were extracted; the workforce in that year was 608 employees.

In 1890, around 346,000 tons of hard coal were extracted and the workforce was 750. In 1895, 361,992 tonnes of hard coal were extracted; the workforce in that year was 831 employees. The maximum production of the mine was achieved in 1900. This year, 471,987 tons of hard coal were mined with 1239 employees. In 1905, 361,992 tonnes of hard coal were extracted; the workforce in that year was 831 employees. In 1910, 1424 employees produced 334,242 tonnes of hard coal. In 1915 the production fell to 288,873 tons, the workforce was 980 employees. In 1920, 287,115 tons of hard coal were extracted and the workforce was 1207. In 1927, 872 people were still employed at the mine; around 287,039 tons of hard coal were extracted. These are the last known sponsorship and workforce figures.

Subsequent use

In 1952, parts of the mine field were leased to the Wisoka union. This union operated a small mine from 1952 to 1964 under the name of Zeche Von der Heydt and dismantled remaining coal piers. After the closure of the Von der Heydt colliery , the construction department and mining department of the Von der Heydt colliery on Harpener Weg continued to be used for the Recklinghausen colliery . The day facilities were finally completely eliminated in the 1970s. Part of the old colliery wall south of Bismarckstrasse is the only structural relic that has been preserved. Residential developments were built on the site, including a senior citizens' center.

location

Georeferencing Map with all coordinates of the shafts: OSM

literature

  • Joachim Huske: The coal mines in the Ruhr area. Data and facts from the beginning to 2005 . Deutsches Bergbau-Museum, Bochum, 3rd, revised and expanded edition. 1998, ISBN 3-937203-24-9 , pp. 1001–1002.
  • Norbert Meier: The Recklinghausen, Julia and von der Heydt mines. Coal mining in Recklinghausen-Süd and Herne . Friends of Mining Historic Sites Ruhrrevier eV, Recklinghausen 2016, ISBN 978-3-00-053149-1 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Joachim Huske : The coal mines in the Ruhr area. Data and facts from the beginning to 2005 (= publications from the German Mining Museum Bochum 144) 3rd revised and expanded edition. Self-published by the German Mining Museum, Bochum 2006, ISBN 3-937203-24-9 .
  2. ↑ Von der Heydt . In: Cultural Office of the City of Herne. (Ed.): SchachtZeichen in Herne and Wanne-Eickel, City of Herne, City Marketing Herne, Herne 2010, pp. 11–28
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Wolfgang Viehweger: Trace of coal: Europe in Herne and Wanne-Eickel. Frischtexte Verlag, Herne 2000, ISBN 3-933059-03-8 .
  4. ↑ a b Gerhard Gebhardt: Ruhr mining. History, structure and interdependence of its societies and organizations. Verlag Glückauf GmbH, Essen 1957
  5. ↑ Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Volume fourteenth, published by the royal and secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1866.
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g h Wilhelm Hermann, Gertrude Hermann: The old collieries on the Ruhr. 4th edition. Publishing house Karl Robert Langewiesche, successor Hans Köster, Königstein i. Taunus 1994, ISBN 3-7845-6992-7 .
  7. ↑ Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Sixteenth volume, published by Ernst & Korn, Berlin 1868
  8. ↑ Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Eighteenth volume, published by Ernst & Korn, Berlin 1870
  9. ^ Verlag GD Baedeker (ed.): Directory of the coal fields in the Westphalian Oberbergamts district with details of the location on the field map, addition to the coal field map . GD Baedeker, Essen 1895.
  10. ↑ Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Volume forty-sixth, published by Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn, Berlin 1898
  11. ^ A b Association for Mining Interests in the Upper Mining District Dortmund: The Development of Lower Rhine-Westphalian Hard Coal Mining in the Second Half of the 19th Century. Julius Springer's publishing bookstore, Berlin 1902
  12. ^ Section on the history of the Von der Heydt colliery in The Neweling restaurant in Baukau (1898–1997), On the trail of a founding family. Wolfgang Viehweger, accessed on July 4, 2010 .
  13. ↑ a b c Chief Engineer Schulte: Investigation of an exhaust steam turbine system at the Von der Heydt colliery near Herne. In: Association for mining interests in the upper mining district Dortmund. (Ed.): Glückauf, Berg- und Hüttenmännische magazine. No. 35, Volume 47, self-published, Essen September 2, 1911, pp. 1371–1376
  14. ↑ The coal of the Ruhr area . Compilation of the most important mines in the Ruhr coal mining area, specifying the quality of the coal mined, the rail connections, as well as the mining and freight rates. Second completely revised and completed edition, publishing bookstore of the M. DuMont-Schauberg'schen Buchhandlung, Cologne 1874

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