Rock roses

Rock roses
	Sage-leaved rockrose ( Cistus salviifolius )
Systematics
	Nuclear eudicotyledons
	Rosids
	Eurosiden II
Order :	Mallow-like (Malvales)
Family :	Rockrose family (Cistaceae)
Genre :	Rock roses
Scientific name
	Cistus
	L.

The rock roses ( Cistus ) form a genus of plants in the family of rock rose plants (Cistaceae).

description

Vegetative characteristics

The cistus species are highly branched, bushy shrubs or dwarf shrubs with aromatic resin, the labdanum . The opposite leaves are sessile or stalked. The leaf blades are simple. Stipules are missing.

Generative characteristics

The terminal or lateral inflorescences are zymose , trugdoldig or coil-like, occasionally also reduced to a flower.

The hermaphrodite flowers are radially symmetrical and five-fold. The two outer sepals are at least as large as the three inner ones or are absent. The short-lived petals are already wrinkled in the bud . The petals are white, pink to purple in color; in some species they are spotted yellow or dark red at the base. The 50 to 200 stamens are arranged in several rows and all fertile. Most five, often six to twelve carpels , are seldom to form a five- to six- zwölffächerigen ovary grown. The ovules are orthotropic.

The woody capsule fruits almost completely open up along the fan walls. The numerous seeds are polygonal.

Sets of chromosomes

The basic chromosome number is n = 9.

Occurrence

The genus is distributed throughout the Mediterranean and the Canary Islands . The greatest biodiversity is found in the western Mediterranean region ( France , Spain , Portugal , Morocco , Algeria ). The rock roses form a main component of the garigue . They grow on dry, stony surfaces, often on soils that are poor in lime and nutrients.

Systematics

Whitish rockrose ( Cistus albidus )

Clusius rockrose ( Cistus clusii )

Cretan rockrose ( Cistus creticus )

Curly rockrose ( Cistus crispus )

Lacquer rockrose ( Cistus ladanifer )

Montpellier rockrose ( Cistus monspeliensis )

The genus Cistus was 1753 Linnaeus in Species Plantarum , vol 1, page 523 established . Type species is Cistus crispus L. A synonym for Cistus L. is Rhodocistus Spach .

species

Excluding the species of the genus Halimium , which are included by some authors in Cistus , there are about 24 species in the genus of rock roses ( Cistus ):

Whitish rockrose ( Cistus albidus L. ), is common in the western Mediterranean.
Cistus asper Demoly & R.Mesa , is endemic to the Canary Island El Hierro .
Cistus chinamadensis Bañares & P.Romero : The three subspecies occur on the Canary Islands Tenerife , La Gomera and El Hierro .
Clusius rockrose ( Cistus clusii Dunal ): The two subspecies occur in the western Mediterranean .
Cretan rockrose , gray-haired rockrose ( Cistus creticus L. , Syn .: Cistus incanus auct. Non L. , Cistus villosus L. ): It is widespread in the Mediterranean region, but is absent on the Iberian Peninsula and France.
Curled rockrose ( Cistus crispus L. ): It is widespread in the western Mediterranean region.
Cistus grancanariae Marrero-Rodr., Almeida & C.Ríos : This endemic occurs only on the Canary island of Gran Canaria .
Different-leaved rockrose ( Cistus heterophyllus Desf. ), Occurs in Morocco, Algeria and Spain.
Cistus horrens Demoly : This endemic only occurs on the Canary Island of Gran Canaria.
Cistus inflatus Pourr. ex Demoly (Syn .: Cistus psilosepalus Sweet ): It occurs only in France.
Lacquer rockrose ( Cistus ladanifer L. , Syn .: Cistus palhinhae Ingram ): The three subspecies occur in France, on the Iberian Peninsula, in Morocco and Algeria .
Bay-leaved rockrose ( Cistus laurifolius L. ): It occurs in the northern Mediterranean from the Iberian Peninsula to Anatolia , and also in Morocco.
Cistus libanotis L .: It occurs in Spain and Portugal .
Montpellier rock rose ( Cistus monspeliensis L. ): It occurs on the Canary Islands and in the Mediterranean region eastwards to Cyprus .
Cistus munbyi Pomel : It occurs in Morocco and Algeria.
Cistus ocreatus Chr.Sm. ex book : This endemic occurs only on the Canary Island Gran Canaria.
Cistus osbeckiifolius Webb : This endemic only occurs on the Canary Island of Tenerife .
Cistus palmensis Bañares & Demoly : This endemic only occurs on the Canary Island of La Palma .
Small-flowered rockrose ( Cistus parviflorus Lam. ): It occurs in the central to eastern Mediterranean region.
Poplar-leaved rockrose ( Cistus populifolius L. ): The two subspecies occur in France, on the Iberian Peninsula and in Morocco.
Cistus pouzolzii Delile (Syn .: Cistus varius auct.): It occurs in France, Morocco and Algeria.
Sage-leaved rockrose ( Cistus salviifolius L. ): It occurs throughout the Mediterranean.
Cistus sintenisii litard. (Syn .: Cistus albanicus E.F.Warburg ex Heywood ): It occurs in Albania and Greece .
Comfrey-leaved rockrose ( Cistus symphytifolius Lam. ): It occurs in the Canary Islands.

There are a variety of hybrids , including three or four species, including:

Cistus × florentinus Lam. (= Cistus monspeliensis × Cistus salviifolius )
Cistus × incanus L. (= Cistus albidus × Cistus crispus ). This name has long been in use for Cistus creticus .
Cistus × laxus Aiton (= Cistus inflatus × Cistus populifolius )
Cistus × ledon Lam. (= Cistus laurifolius × Cistus monspeliensis )
Cistus × purpureus Lam. (= Cistus creticus × Cistus ladanifer )

use

Some cultivated forms are used as ornamental plants in Mediterranean parks and gardens .

The resin labdanum can be obtained from the branches and leaves of some species (such as Cistus salviifolius or Cistus ladanifer ) . For this purpose, goats were herded through Cistus stocks on some Greek islands . The sticky secretion stuck to the goatskin. The cut hair was placed in boiling water. After cooling, the resin could be separated off.

Extracts from the gray-haired rock rose ( Cistus creticus ) are used health-related; in Greece it is drunk as a herbal tea .

Carl von Linné took the view that the biblical " Rose of Sharon " was a type of rock rose.

swell

literature

Jean-Pierre Demoly, Pedro Montserrat Recoder: Cistus . In: Santiago Castroviejo, Carlos Aedo, S. Cirujano, M. Laínz, P. Montserrat, R. Morales, F. Muñoz Garmendia, C. Navarro, J. Paiva, C. Soriano (eds.): Flora Ibérica. Plantas vasculares de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares, Vol. 3: Plumbaginaceae (partim) - Capparaceae. Consejo de Investigaciones Cientifícas, Madrid 1993, ISBN 84-00-07375-4 , pp. 319-337, PDF file .
Dankwart Seidel: Flowers on the Mediterranean. Determine accurately with the 3-check . BLV, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-405-16294-7 .
Werner Greuter , Hervé-Maurice Burdet , Guy Long (eds.): Med-Checklist. A critical inventory of vascular plants of the circum-Mediterranean countries . Vol. 1: Pteridophyta (ed. 2), Gymnospermae, Dicotyledones (Acanthaceae - Cneoraceae) . Conservatoire et Jardin Botanique, Genève 1984, ISBN 2-8277-0151-0 , p. 315-317 ( online ). (Distribution information).
M. Arechavaleta, S. Rodríguez, N. Zurita, A. García (eds.): Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias. Hongos, plantas y animales terrestres. 2009. Gobierno de Canarias 2010, ISBN 978-84-89729-21-6 , pp. 142-143, PDF file; 12.5 MB (distribution information).

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h B. Guzmán, P. Vargas: Historical biogeography and character evolution of Cistaceae (Malvales) based on analysis of plastid rbcL and trnL-trnF sequences. In: Organisms Diversity & Evolution , Volume 9, Issue 2, 2009, pp. 83-99. doi : 10.1016 / j.ode.2009.01.001
↑ Katrin Thefeld: Investigation of the essential oils of Cistus ladaniferus L. (Labdanum oil), Tanacetum fruticulosum Ledeb. and Hedychium gardnerianum Sheppard , dissertation 1997, TU Berlin, entry in the catalog of the German National Library.
↑ Beatriz Guzmán, Pablo Vargas: Systematics, character evolution, and biogeography of Cistus L. (Cistaceae) based on ITS, trnL-trnF, and matK sequences. In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. Volume 37, No. 3, 2005, pp. 644-660, doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2005.04.026 .
↑ Carl von Linné : Species Plantarum. Volume 1, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 523, digitized .
↑ ^a ^b ^c Jean-Pierre Demoly: Notes taxonomiques, chorologiques et nouveautés nomenclaturales pour le genre Cistus L. élargi, including Halimium (Dunal) Spach ( Cistaceae ). In: Acta Botanica Gallica. Volume 153, No. 3, 2006, pp. 309-323.
^ Cistus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
^ ^A ^b Robert G. Page: Cistus pages ( memento of November 12, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), based on the work of Jean-Pierre Demoly, accessed on January 22, 2012.
↑ Jean-Pierre Demoly: Une nouvelle espèce et une nouvelle sous-espèce du genre Cistus L. (Cistaceae) endémique de El Hierro (Îles Canaries). In: Biocosme Mésogéen. Volume 22, No. 3, 2005, pp. 117-120.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ E. von Raab-Straube (2017+): Cistaceae. Data sheet Cistus. In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
↑ Águedo Marrero Rodríguez, Rafael Almeida, Carlos Ríos: Cistus grancanariae sp. nov. (Cistaceae), una nueva especie para Gran Canaria (Islas Canarias). In: Botanica Macaronesica. Volume 27, 2008, pp. 73-88, (online) .
↑ Jean-Pierre Demoly: Une nouvelle espèce du genre Cistus L. ( Cistaceae ) endémique de i'île de Grande Canarie (Espagne). In: Acta Botanica Gallica. Volume 151, No. 2, 2004, pp. 231-232.
^ ^A ^b Jean-Pierre Demoly, Manuel V. Marrero, Ángel Bañares Baudet: Contribution à la connaissance des cistes de la section Macrostylia Willk. (Cistus L., Cistaceae). In: Journal de Botanique de la Société Botanique de France. Volume 36, 2006, pp. 13-38.
^ Mythological Associations of the Rose of Sharon on Paghat.com

Web links

Commons : rockrose ( Cistus ) - album with pictures, videos and audio files

The Cistus & Halimium website

[Guzmán2009-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h B. Guzmán, P. Vargas: Historical biogeography and character evolution of Cistaceae (Malvales) based on analysis of plastid rbcL and trnL-trnF sequences. In: Organisms Diversity & Evolution , Volume 9, Issue 2, 2009, pp. 83-99. doi : 10.1016 / j.ode.2009.01.001

[Thefeld1997-2] Katrin Thefeld: Investigation of the essential oils of Cistus ladaniferus L. (Labdanum oil), Tanacetum fruticulosum Ledeb. and Hedychium gardnerianum Sheppard , dissertation 1997, TU Berlin, entry in the catalog of the German National Library.

[Guzman2005-3] Beatriz Guzmán, Pablo Vargas: Systematics, character evolution, and biogeography of Cistus L. (Cistaceae) based on ITS, trnL-trnF, and matK sequences. In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. Volume 37, No. 3, 2005, pp. 644-660, doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2005.04.026 .

[SpeciesPlantarum-4] Carl von Linné : Species Plantarum. Volume 1, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 523, digitized .

[Demoly2006-5] Jean-Pierre Demoly: Notes taxonomiques, chorologiques et nouveautés nomenclaturales pour le genre Cistus L. élargi, including Halimium (Dunal) Spach ( Cistaceae ). In: Acta Botanica Gallica. Volume 153, No. 3, 2006, pp. 309-323.

[GRIN-6] Cistus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

[CistusPages-7] A ^b Robert G. Page: Cistus pages ( memento of November 12, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), based on the work of Jean-Pierre Demoly, accessed on January 22, 2012.

[Demoly2005-8] Jean-Pierre Demoly: Une nouvelle espèce et une nouvelle sous-espèce du genre Cistus L. (Cistaceae) endémique de El Hierro (Îles Canaries). In: Biocosme Mésogéen. Volume 22, No. 3, 2005, pp. 117-120.

[Euro+Med-9] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ E. von Raab-Straube (2017+): Cistaceae. Data sheet Cistus. In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.

[Marrero2008-10] Águedo Marrero Rodríguez, Rafael Almeida, Carlos Ríos: Cistus grancanariae sp. nov. (Cistaceae), una nueva especie para Gran Canaria (Islas Canarias). In: Botanica Macaronesica. Volume 27, 2008, pp. 73-88, (online) .

[Demoly2004-11] Jean-Pierre Demoly: Une nouvelle espèce du genre Cistus L. ( Cistaceae ) endémique de i'île de Grande Canarie (Espagne). In: Acta Botanica Gallica. Volume 151, No. 2, 2004, pp. 231-232.

[Demoly+al2006-12] A ^b Jean-Pierre Demoly, Manuel V. Marrero, Ángel Bañares Baudet: Contribution à la connaissance des cistes de la section Macrostylia Willk. (Cistus L., Cistaceae). In: Journal de Botanique de la Société Botanique de France. Volume 36, 2006, pp. 13-38.

[13] Mythological Associations of the Rose of Sharon on Paghat.com