Chattanooga, Tennessee and Clifton, New Jersey: Difference between pages

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{{redirect|Chattanooga}}
{{Infobox Settlement
{{Infobox Settlement
|official_name = Chattanooga, Tennessee
|official_name = Clifton, New Jersey, NJ
|settlement_type = [[City]]
|settlement_type = [[City (New Jersey)|City]]
|nickname = Scenic City (official), River City| ChattTown, ChattVegas
|nickname =
|image_skyline = ChattanoogaTN.jpg
|motto =

<!-- Images -->
|image_skyline =
|imagesize =
|imagesize =
|image_caption = Chattanooga from Lookout Mountain
|image_caption =
|image_flag = Chattanooga Flag.svg
|image_flag =
|image_seal = Chattanooga City Seal.jpg
|image_seal =

|image_map = TNMap-doton-Chattanooga.PNG
<!-- Maps -->
|image_map = Clifton nj.png
|mapsize = 250x200px
|mapsize = 250x200px
|map_caption = Location within the [[U.S. State]] of [[Tennessee]]
|map_caption = Map of Clifton in Passaic County. Inset: Location of Passaic County highlighted in the State of New Jersey.
|image_map1 =
|image_map1 = Census Bureau map of Clifton, New Jersey.gif
|mapsize1 =
|mapsize1 = 250x200px
|map_caption1 =
|map_caption1 = Census Bureau map of Clifton, New Jersey

<!-- Location -->
|subdivision_type = [[List of countries|Country]]
|subdivision_type = [[List of countries|Country]]
|subdivision_name = [[United States]]
|subdivision_name = {{flagicon|USA}} [[United States]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Political divisions of the United States|State]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Political divisions of the United States|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Tennessee]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Image:Flag of New Jersey.svg|border|22x15px]] [[New Jersey]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Tennessee|Counties]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in New Jersey|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Hamilton County, Tennessee|Hamilton]], [[Marion County, Tennessee|Marion]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Passaic County, New Jersey|Passaic]]
|government_type =
|government_footnotes =
|government_type = [[1923 Municipal Manager Law]]
|leader_title = [[Mayor]]
|leader_title = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name = [[Ron Littlefield]] (D)
|leader_name = James Anzaldi
|established_date =
|leader_title1 = Manager
|area_magnitude = 1 E8
|leader_name1 = Albert Greco<ref name=Govt/>
|established_title = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
|area_total_km2 = 370.8
|area_land_km2 = 352.2
|established_date = [[April 26]], [[1917]]

|area_water_km2 = 20.6
<!-- Area -->
|area_total_sq_mi = 143.2
|area_land_sq_mi = 135.2
|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_water_sq_mi = 8.0
|area_footnotes =
|elevation_m = 206
|area_magnitude =
|elevation_ft = 676
|area_total_km2 = 29.5
|latd = 35 |latm = 2 |lats = 44 |latNS = N
|area_land_km2 = 29.3
|longd = 85 |longm = 16 |longs = 2 |longEW = W
|area_water_km2 = 0.3
|population_as_of = 2006
|area_total_sq_mi = 11.4
|population_note =
|area_land_sq_mi = 11.3
|population_metro = 496,704
|area_water_sq_mi = 0.1

|population_total = 168293 (city proper)
<!-- Population -->
|timezone = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|EST]]
|population_as_of = 2007
|population_footnotes = <ref name=CensusEst/>
|population_total = 78573
|population_density_km2 = 2689.3
|population_density_sq_mi = 6965.2

<!-- General information -->
|timezone = [[Eastern Time Zone|Eastern (EST)]]
|utc_offset = -5
|utc_offset = -5
|timezone_DST = [[Eastern Daylight Time|EDT]]
|timezone_DST = EDT
|utc_offset_DST = -4 |
|utc_offset_DST = -4
|elevation_footnotes = <ref>{{Gnis|885188|City of Clifton}}, [[Geographic Names Information System]], accessed [[November 12]], [[2007]].</ref>
latitude = 35°4' N |
|elevation_m = 37
longitude = 85°15' W
|website = http://www.chattanooga.gov
|elevation_ft = 121
|postal_code_type =
|latd = 40 |latm = 52 |lats = 4 |latNS = N
|postal_code =
|longd = 74 |longm = 9 |longs = 16 |longEW = W

|area_code = [[Area code 423|423]]
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -->
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]s
|postal_code = 07011-07015
|area_code = [[Area code 973|973]]
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info = 34-13690{{GR|2}}<ref>[http://mcdc2.missouri.edu/webrepts/commoncodes/ccc_nj.html A Cure for the Common Codes: New Jersey], Missouri Census Data Center. Accessed [[July 14]], [[2008]].</ref>
|blank_info = 47-14000{{GR|2}}
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info = 1307240{{GR|3}}
|blank1_info = 0885188{{GR|3}}
|footnotes = |
|website = http://www.cliftonnj.org
|footnotes =
}}
}}
'''Clifton''' is a [[City (New Jersey)|city]] in [[Passaic County, New Jersey|Passaic County]], [[New Jersey]], [[United States]]. As of the [[United States 2000 Census]], the city had a total population of 78,672.
'''Chattanooga''', "the Scenic City", is the fourth-largest city in [[Tennessee]] (after [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]], [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville]], and [[Knoxville, Tennessee|Knoxville]]), and the [[county seat|seat]] of [[Hamilton County, Tennessee|Hamilton County]]{{GR|6}}, in the [[United States|United States of America]]. It is located in southeast Tennessee on [[Chickamauga Lake|Chickamauga]] and [[Nickajack Lake]], which are both part of the [[Tennessee River]], near the border of [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], and at the junction of three [[interstate highway]]s, [[Interstate 24|I-24]], [[Interstate 75|I-75]], and [[Interstate 59|I-59]].


Clifton was incorporated as a city by an Act of the [[New Jersey Legislature]] on [[April 26]], [[1917]], replacing [[Acquackanonk Township, New Jersey|Acquackanonk Township]], based on the results of a referendum held two days earlier.<ref name=Story>"The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968", John P. Snyder, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 209.</ref> Clifton is listed under five different zip codes (07011, 07012, 07013, 07014, 07015).<ref>[http://www.state.nj.us/nj/about/facts/njzips.html The Official Web Site for The State of New Jersey | Zip Codes:]</ref>
The city (downtown elevation approximately 685 feet), which lies at the transition between the [[Ridge-and-valley Appalachians|ridge-and-valley]] portion of the [[Appalachian Mountains]] and the [[Cumberland Plateau]], is surrounded by mountains and ridges.


==History==
==Geography==
Clifton is located at {{coor dms|40|52|4|N|74|9|16|W|city}} (40.867899, -74.154520){{GR|1}}.
The first inhabitants of the Chattanooga area were Native American Indians with sites dating back to the [[Upper Paleolithic]] period, showing continuous occupation through the [[Archaic period in the Americas|Archaic]], [[Woodland period|Woodland]], [[Mississippian culture|Mississippian]] (900-1650 AD), [[Muskogean]] and [[Cherokee]] (1776 - 1838 AD) periods.


According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of 11.4&nbsp;[[square mile]]s (29.5&nbsp;[[km²]]), of which, 11.3&nbsp;square miles (29.3&nbsp;km²) of it is land and 0.1&nbsp;square miles (0.3&nbsp;km²) of it (0.88%) is water.
Chief John Ross has been quoted as stating that Chattanooga was Cherokee for 'The Big Catch' because of the fishing on the river. In the 1875 publication 'History of the Army of the Cumberland' by Thomas Budd Van Horne and Edward Ruger on page 407 this is related:"Historians have made effort to transmit to the future the significance of the names which distinguish the natural features around Chattanooga. It is no pleasant task to leave groundless the many pretty conceits which have so long passed for facts; but he who would write the truth, must not hesitate to dissipate a myth or disclose a false hypothesis. With only occasional allusion to the various interpretations of Cherokee names, which have so long been accepted as true, their actual meaning, as derived from John Ross, the celebrated Cherokee chief, and from Lewis Ross, his brother, are here
given. "Chattanooga," originally was the name of a small Indian hamlet, situated near the base of Lookout Mountain, on the
bank of Chattanooga creek. It means, in the Cherokee language, " to draw fish out of water," and hence was applied to the collection of huts, which were occupied by Indian fishermen. The humble hamlet disappeared, and its name, at first suggestive
and appropriate, was inherited by the town of the white man, with meaningless application. A somewhat similar name was applied
by the Cherokees to the cliffs, rising boldly from the river above the town, which was derived from "Clanoowah," the name of a
warlike but diminutive hawk, which was supposed to embody the spirit of the tribe. These cliffs were the favorite nesting-
place of the bird, and hence a name was given which expressed this fact, and which, perhaps, has suggested the myth, that 'Chattanooga' means 'eagle's nest.'"


Clifton is located 10 miles west of [[New York City]] off both [[New Jersey Route 3|Route 3]] and [[U.S. Highway 46|Route 46]]. The city is also served by the [[Garden State Parkway]], [[New Jersey Route 19|Route 19]] and [[New Jersey Route 21|Route 21]].
The earliest Cherokee occupation dates from [[Dragging Canoe]], who in 1776 separated himself and moved downriver from the main tribe to establish Native American resistance (see [[Chickamauga Wars]]) to European settlement in the southeastern United States. Occupation of the area by members of the Cherokee Nation dates from 1816 with the establishment of [[Ross's Landing]] by later tribal chief [[John Ross (Cherokee chief)|John Ross]] and ended with the [[Trail of Tears|forced relocation]] of Native American Indians from southeastern U.S. states to [[Oklahoma]] in 1838. [[Ross's Landing]] was one of three large internment camps, or "emigration depots," along the [[Trail of Tears]], the other two being [[Fort Payne, Alabama]] and the largest at [[Fort Cass]], Tennessee.{{Fact|date=May 2008}}


==Demographics==
[[Image:chattanooga 1864.jpg|thumb|Chattanooga in time of the civil war. Soldiers' tents and supply wagons beside the city building, 1864. [[Lookout Mountain]] is visible in the background.]]
{{USCensusPop
During the [[American Civil War]] on [[November 23]], [[1863]], the [[Third Battle of Chattanooga]] began when [[Union Army|Union]] forces led by General [[Ulysses S. Grant]] reinforced troops at Chattanooga and [[counterattack]]ed [[Confederate States Army|Confederate]] troops. The next day, the [[Battle of Lookout Mountain]] was fought near the town. These were followed the next spring by the [[Atlanta Campaign]], beginning just over the nearby state line in [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] and moving southeastward.
| 1930=46875

| 1940=48827
After the war ended, the city became a major [[railroad]] [[transportation hub|hub]] and [[heavy industry|industrial]] and manufacturing center.{{Fact|date=May 2008}} By the 1930s it was known as the "Dynamo of Dixie," and even inspired the 1941 [[Glenn Miller]] [[big-band]] [[swing music|swing]] song "[[Chattanooga Choo Choo]]." But the same mountains that provided Chattanooga's scenic backdrop became shrouded by the industrial pollutants that they trapped and held over the community. In 1969, the federal government declared that Chattanooga's air was the dirtiest in the nation. But environmental crises were not the only problems plaguing the city. Chattanooga entered the 1980s with serious socioeconomic challenges including job layoffs, a deteriorating city infrastructure, racial tensions and social division.
| 1950=64511

| 1960=82084
In recent years, private and governmental resources have been invested in transforming the city's tarnished image and to gain recognition for a metamorphosis of its downtown and riverfront areas.{{Fact|date=May 2008}} An early cornerstone of this project was the restoration of the historic [[Walnut Street Bridge (Tennessee)|Walnut Street Bridge]]. The Walnut Street Bridge is the oldest surviving bridge of its kind in the Southeastern United States.{{Fact|date=May 2008}} Efforts to improve the city include the "21st Century Waterfront Plan" - a $120 million redevelopment of the Chattanooga waterfront and downtown area.<ref>
| 1970=82437
{{cite web
| 1980=74388
|url=http://www.rivercitycompany.com/pdfs/media/waterfront_exec_summary.pdf
| 1990=71742
|title=waterfront_exec_summary.pdf (application/pdf Object)
| 2000=78672
|publisher=www.rivercitycompany.com
| estimate= 78573
|accessdate=2008-10-02
| estyear=2007
|last=
| estref=<ref name=CensusEst>[http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/SAFFPopulation?_event=Search&geo_id=06000US3403931980&_geoContext=01000US%7C04000US34%7C05000US34039%7C06000US3403931980&_street=&_county=clifton&_cityTown=clifton&_state=04000US34&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=geoSelect&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=060&_submenuId=population_0&ds_name=null&_ci_nbr=null&qr_name=null&reg=null%3Anull&_keyword=&_industry= Census data for Clifton city], [[United States Census Bureau]], accessed [[September 10]], [[2008]].</ref>
|first=
| footnote=Population 1930 - 1990.<ref>[http://www.wnjpin.net/OneStopCareerCenter/LaborMarketInformation/lmi01/poptrd6.htm Jersey Resident Population by Municipality: 1930 - 1990], Workforce New Jersey Public Information Network. Accessed [[March 1]], [[2007]].</ref>
}}
}}
As of the [[census]]{{GR|2}} of 2000, there were 78,672 people, 30,244 households, and 20,354 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was 6,965.2 people per square mile (2,688.1/km²). There were 31,060 housing units at an average density of 2,749.9/sq&nbsp;mi (1,061.3/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 76.22% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 2.89% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.24% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 6.44% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.03% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 9.60% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 4.57% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 19.84% of the population.
</ref>


There were 30,244 households out of which 28.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.3% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.7% were non-families. 27.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.20.
In 1935, as well as from 1993 to 1995, Chattanooga hosted the [[National Folk Festival (USA)|National Folk Festival]].


In the city the population was 21.6% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 30.7% from 25 to 44, 22.5% from 45 to 64, and 17.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 91.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.1 males.
==Economy==
[[Image:Chattanooga, Tennessee.jpg|thumb|Downtown Chattanooga]]


The median income for a household in the city was $50,619, and the median income for a family was $60,688. Males had a median income of $40,143 versus $32,090 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $23,638. About 4.3% of families and 6.3% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 8.6% of those under age 18 and 5.2% of those age 65 or over.
The local economy includes a diversified mix of manufacturing and service industries.


The largest ancestry groups in Clifton are [[Italian American]] (17%), [[Polish American]] (13%), [[Irish American]] (9%) and [[German American]] (8%).<ref>[http://www.epodunk.com/cgi-bin/genealogyInfo.php?locIndex=18633 Clifton, NJ Ancestry & Family History], [[Epodunk]], accessed [[April 21]], [[2007]].</ref> Many [[Turkish Americans|Turkish]], [[Albanian Americans|Albanian]], and [[Ukrainian Americans|Ukrainian]] immigrants also live in Clifton. There are substantial numbers of various types of [[Hispanics in the United States|Hispanics]], [[Arab Americans|Arabs]], [[Filipino Americans|Filipinos]], [[Chinese Americans|Chinese]], and [[Indian Americans|Asian Indians]] as well. Recent demographic changes include a substantial influx of [[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox Jews]] in the areas bordering [[Passaic, New Jersey|Passaic]], a major orthodox enclave.
Notable Chattanooga businesses include [[BlueCross BlueShield of Tennessee]], [[CBL & Associates Properties|CBL & Associates]], [[Chattanooga Bakery, inc.|The Chattanooga Bakery]], [[Chattem]], the world's first [[Coca-Cola]] bottling plant, [[Coker Tire]], [[Coptix]], [[Covenant Transport]], [[Double Cola]], [[Gordon Biersch Brewing Company|Gordon Biersch Brewery Restaurant Group]], [[Krystal (restaurant)|Krystal]], [[Litespeed]], [[Miller & Martin]], [[National Model Railroad Association]], [[Olan Mills, Inc.]], [[Republic Parking System]], [[Rock/Creek]], [[Tennessee Valley Authority]] (TVA), [[Tricycle Inc.]], and [[Unum]]. The city also hosts large branch offices of [[Cigna]], [[AT&T]] and [[UBS AG|UBS]].


== Government ==
Companies that have manufacturing or distribution facilities in the city include [[DuPont]], [[Rock-Tenn]], [[Plantronics]], [[Domtar]] Corp., [[Norfolk Southern]], [[Akzo Nobel|Alco Chemical]], [[Colonial Pipeline]] and [[Buzzi Unicem]]. There is also a [[Vulcan Materials]] quarry in the city.
=== Local government ===
The City of Clifton is governed under the [[1923 Municipal Manager Law]]. The government consists of a City Council comprising seven council members, with all positions elected at large in [[nonpartisan]] elections to four-terms of office on a concurrent basis.<ref>''2005 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book'', [[Rutgers University]] [[Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy]], April 2005, p. 165.</ref>


The [[Mayor]] of Clifton is James Anzaldi. Members of the Town Council are Joseph Cupoli, [[Peter C. Eagler]], Frank C. Fusco, Steven Hatala Jr., Gloria J. Kolodziej, and Matt Ward.<ref name=Govt>[http://www.cliftonnj.org/html/Council.aspx City Council], City of Clifton. Accessed [[May 28]], [[2008]].</ref>
On [[July 15]] [[2008]], [[Volkswagen Group]] announced plans to build its new production facility in Chattanooga.<ref>[http://www.ausmotive.com/2008/07/16/volkswagen-wants-slice-of-american-pie.html Volkswagen wants slice of American pie] AUSmotive.com</ref> The new facility is due to open in 2011.


=== Federal, state and county representation ===
In addition to corporate business interests, there are many retail shops in Chattanooga, including two shopping malls: [[Northgate Mall (Hixson)|Northgate Mall]] in Hixson and [[Hamilton Place Mall]] in East Brainerd.
Clifton is in the Eighth Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 34th Legislative District.<ref>[http://www.lwvnj.org/pubs/CG06.pdf 2006 New Jersey Citizen's Guide to Government], New Jersey [[League of Women Voters]], p. 56. Accessed [[August 30]], [[2006]].</ref>


{{NJ Congress 08}} {{NJ Senate}}
===Utilities===
[[Image:USACE Chickamauga Lock and Dam.jpg|thumb|[[Chickamauga Dam|Chickamauga Lock and Dam]] on the Tennessee River at Chattanooga]]
[[Electricity|Electric]] power for most of the city and surrounding area is provided by the city-run Electric Power Board (EPB), which also provides [[telephone]] and [[Broadband Internet access|high-speed internet]] service to businesses in the downtown area. The [[Tennessee Valley Authority|TVA]] operates the nearby [[Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant]], [[Chickamauga Dam]] and the [[Raccoon Mountain Pumped-Storage Plant]] all of which provide electricity to the greater Chattanooga area.


{{NJ Legislative 34}} {{NJ Governor}}
[[Natural gas]] and [[water]] are provided by the privately run [[AGL Resources| Chattanooga Gas Company]] and [[Tennessee-American Water Company]], respectively. In 2005 Mayor [[Ron Littlefield]] stated his desire for the city to purchase the Tennessee-American Water Company,<ref>{{cite web | last = | first =| authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Littlefield: "We Want Local Control" Of The Water Company | work = | publisher = The Chattanoogan | date = 2005-12-19 | url = http://www.chattanoogan.com/articles/article_77517.asp | format = | doi = | accessdate = 2007-03-24 }}</ref>, which is being sold in a public offering in 2007.<ref>{{cite web | last = | first =| authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Parent Company Of Tennessee-American Water To Be Sold In Public Offering | work = | publisher = The Chattanoogan | date = 2006-03-25 | url = http://www.chattanoogan.com/articles/article_82620.asp | format = | doi = | accessdate = 2007-03-24 }}</ref> Former Mayor [[Jon Kinsey]] attempts to have the city buy control were defeated in court.


{{NJ Passaic County Freeholders}}
[[Comcast]] is the [[Cable Television|cable]] provider for most areas of the city. The [[Incumbent local exchange carrier|incumbent telephone company]] is [[AT&T]]. However, [[CLEC|competing phone companies]], [[cellular phone]]s and [[VoIP]] are beginning to make inroads. A major interstate [[fiber optics]] line operated by [[AT&T]] traverses the city, making its way from [[Atlanta, Georgia|Atlanta]] to [[Cincinnati, Ohio|Cincinnati]].

==Politics, government and law==
The current [[mayor]] is [[Ron Littlefield]] (R), a long-time [[city council]]man, who was elected in a run-off election in April 2005.

The city operates under a charter granted by the [[Tennessee General Assembly|state legislature]] in 1852, as amended. As of 2005, the city operates with a [[strong mayor]] system.

The city's legislative branch is split up into nine districts, with a council member for each district selected in partisan elections. The current council members are Linda Bennett (District 1), Sally Robinson (District 2), Dan Page (District 3), Jack Benson (District 4), John "Duke" Franklin (District 5), Carol Berz (District 6), Manuel "Manny" Rico (District 7), Leamon Pierce (District 8) and Debbie Gaines (District 9).

Within the last ten years the city has won three national awards for outstanding "livability", and 9 Gunther Blue Ribbon Awards for excellence in housing and consolidated planning.<ref>[http://www.chattanooga.gov/General_Government/62_305.htm City of Chattanooga<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

See also [[List of Mayors of Chattanooga, Tennessee]].


==Education==
==Education==
The [[Clifton Public Schools]] serve nearly 11,000 students in kindergarten through twelfth grade. Schools in the district are fourteen elementary schools serving grades K-5, two middle schools serving grades 6-8 (Christopher Columbus Middle School and Woodrow Wilson Middle School) and [[Clifton High School (New Jersey)|Clifton High School]] for grades 9-12.
===Primary and secondary education===
Most of Chattanooga's primary and secondary education is funded by the government. The public schools in Chattanooga (and Hamilton County) fall under the purview of the [http://www.hcde.org/schools/default.htm Hamilton County School System].


Clifton High School's Marching Band, "The Showband of the Northeast", is well-known internationally. It was most recently honored as "Best in Parade" for the 2007 Columbus Day Parade.
In addition, the city is home to several well-known private and parochial secondary schools, including [[Baylor School]], [[McCallie School]] , [[Girls Preparatory School]], and [[Notre Dame High School (Chattanooga)|Notre Dame High School]]. Chattanooga is also home to [[Siskin Children's Institute]], as well as [[Chattanooga School for the Arts and Sciences]] [[magnet school]]. [[Howard School of Academics and Technology|Howard]] was the first public school in the area and was established in 1865.


With over 3,400 students enrolled at Clifton High School, it is the largest single facility high school in New Jersey; [[Elizabeth High School (New Jersey)|Elizabeth High School]] has more students, but they are spread over multiple campuses.<ref>[http://www.northjersey.com/page.php?qstr=eXJpcnk3ZjczN2Y3dnFlZUVFeXk3MTkmZmdiZWw3Zjd2cWVlRUV5eTcwMzI0NjcmeXJpcnk3ZjcxN2Y3dnFlZUVFeXk0 Clifton High's hallway gridlock], ''[[The Record (Bergen County)]]'', [[December 6]], [[2006]]. Accessed [[August 26]], [[2007]]. "Clifton High School, circa 1962, is the largest single high school in the state. Only Elizabeth High School has more students, but they are spread out over five campuses."</ref> The Board of Education of Clifton has an agreement with the Boys and Girls Club of Clifton which is located on Colfax Avenue as well to have students partake of gym class there. There is word of building onto the high school with a possible fifth wing, that would have construction onto the City Hall grounds.
===Higher education===
The Clifton High School Mustangs were the North I, Group IV Football State Champs 2006, defeating [[Eastside High School (Paterson, New Jersey)|Eastside High School (Paterson]] 26-0).<ref>[http://www.bracketmaker.com/tmenu.cfm?tid=188015&tclass=North%20I%2C%20Group%20IV 2006 Football Tournament - North I, Group IV], [[NJSIAA]]. Accessed [[December 4]], [[2006]].</ref>
[[Image:UTC Race Hall.jpg|thumb|University of Tennessee at Chattanooga's Race Hall]]
The [[University of Tennessee at Chattanooga]] is the second largest campus of the [[University of Tennessee System]] with a student population of over 9,558.{{Fact|date=March 2007}}. Other institutions of higher learning in the area include [[Chattanooga State Technical Community College]], [[Covenant College]], [[Lee University]], [[the University of the South]], [[Southern Adventist University]], [[Tennessee Temple University]] and [[Tennessee Wesleyan College]], along with local branches of [[Miller-Motte Technical College]] and [[Virginia College]]. Chattanooga is home to the Chattanooga branch of the [[University of Tennessee College of Medicine]], which provides medical education to medical students, residents, and other medical professionals in southeast Tennessee through an affiliation with Erlanger Health System.


== Popular culture references ==
===Public library===
{{Trivia|date=October 2007}}
As the name implies, the [http://www.lib.chattanooga.gov/ Chattanooga-Hamilton County Bicentennial Library system] has been jointly operated by the city and county governments since 1976. The city was gifted with a [[Carnegie library]] in 1904, and the two-story purpose-built marble structure survives to this day at Eighth Street and Georgia Avenue as commercial office space. In 1939, the library moved to Douglas Street and McCallie Avenue and shared the new building with the John Storrs Fletcher Library of the University of Chattanooga. This building is now called Fletcher Hall and houses classrooms and offices for the University. The city library was moved to its third and current location in 1976 at the corner of Tenth and Broad streets.
* The character of Rupert Pupkin in [[Martin Scorsese]]'s film ''[[The King of Comedy (1983 film)|The King of Comedy]]'' comes from Clifton.<ref>[http://www.script-o-rama.com/movie_scripts/k/king-of-comedy-script-transcript.html King Of Comedy Script - Dialogue Transcript], accessed [[December 1]], [[2006]].</ref>
* The movie ''[[Donnie Brasco]],'' which starred [[Johnny Depp]] and [[Al Pacino]], was filmed partially in Clifton in 1997.
*Many scenes from ''[[The Sopranos]]'' were filmed in town, including the parking lot of the Valley Regency on Valley Road, Main Memorial Park, and Clifton High School.
*New York Yankee Hall of Famers [[Yogi Berra]] and [[Phil Rizzuto]] owned and bowling alley in Clifton called "Rizzuto-Berra Bowling Lanes."<ref>Pezzano, Chuck. "Rizzuto enjoyed a big role in bowling; Sport attractive to baseball figures.", ''[[The Record (Bergen County)]]'', [[August 20]], [[2007]]. "Rizzuto-Berra Bowling Lanes in Clifton, originally owned by Rizzuto and fellow icon Yogi Berra, was a favorite bowling spot for more than 40 years before giving way to a bank of shopping center stores."</ref> It was located behind the Styretowne Shopping Center.
*The Upper Montclair Country Club was home to the NFL Golf Classic
*Baseball Hall of Famer Honus Wagner played his last two seasons (1896-97) of minor league baseball for the Paterson Silk Sox. While the team was named Paterson, their stadium was within the Clifton city limits. Doherty Field was located off of Main Avenue behind the Doherty Silk Mill.


==Health care==
== Commerce ==
* [[Linens 'n Things]], bedding and home furnishings retailer, is headquartered in Clifton
Chattanooga's health care sector has three hospital systems. [[Erlanger Hospital]] is the area's primary trauma center. Erlanger has been operated by the Chattanooga-Hamilton County Hospital Authority since 1976.<ref>[http://www.erlanger.org/about/trustees.asp Erlanger Board of Trustees<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>


== Notable residents ==
[[Parkridge Hospital]] is located east of downtown in the Glenwood District and is run by [[Tri-Star Healthcare]]. Tri-Star also operates [[East Ridge Medical Center]] in nearby East Ridge. Also located downtown is [[Memorial Hospital, Chattanooga|Memorial Hospital]], operated by [[Catholic Health Initiatives]]). In 2004, Memorial was named one of the Top 100 teaching hospitals by [[Solucient Top Hospitals]].<ref>{{cite web | last = | first =| authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Top 100 Hospitals 2004 | work = | publisher = Solucient | date = 2004 | url = http://www.100tophospitals.com/Winners/national04/benchmarks.asp | format = | doi = | accessdate = 2007-03-24 }}</ref>
Notable current and former residents of Clifton include:
* [[Michael Abrams]] (born 1953), psychologist and author of numerous works on Cognitive behavior therapy. Originator with renowned psychologist Albert Ellis of the Rational-Emotive theory of human personality.{{Fact|date=November 2007}}
*[[Jay Alford]] (born 1983), defensive lineman and long snapper for the [[Super Bowl XLII]] champion [[New York Giants]].{{Fact|date=February 2008}}
*[[David Chase]] (born 1945), creator of ''[[The Sopranos]]''.<ref>DeCaro, Frank. [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B02EFDC1239F937A35757C0A96F958260 "No Longer the Punch-Line State; Lauryn Hill, the Sopranos and others are unapologetic New Jerseyans."], ''[[The New York Times]]'', [[April 4]], [[1999]]."Growing up in Clifton and North Caldwell, Mr. Chase said, New Jersey seemed ''very exciting and very mysterious,'' not dull and predictable as many New Yorkers like to believe."</ref>
*[[Dow H. Drukker]] (1872-1963), represented {{ushr|New Jersey|6}} from 1914-1919.<ref>[http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=D000505 Dow Henry Drukker profile], [[United States Congress]]. Accessed [[July 16]], [[2007]].</ref>
*Father [[Mychal F. Judge]] (1933-2001), FDNY Chaplain, who was the first official death of the [[September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks]] on the [[World Trade Center]].{{Fact|date=September 2001))
*[[Chris Karcz]] (born 1983), midfielder/forward for [[Red Bull New York]].<ref>[http://www.northjersey.com/page.php?qstr=eXJpcnk3ZjczN2Y3dnFlZUVFeXkxMzgmZmdiZWw3Zjd2cWVlRUV5eTcxNjI0ODAmeXJpcnk3ZjcxN2Y3dnFlZUVFeXk2 "Clifton's Karcz joining Red Bulls"], ''[[The Record (Bergen County)]]'', [[July 3]], [[2007]]. Accessed [[July 28]], [[2007]]. "Clifton native Chris Karcz, who played at Rutgers, has been signed by the Red Bulls.... The midfielder/forward was a three-time All-Big East Conference selection at Rutgers and was a first-team All-American in his senior year at Clifton High School."</ref>
*[[Ernest Mario]] (born 1938), pharmaceutical executive.<ref>Ratish, Robert. [http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-49047971.html "PHARMACY GRADUATE PLEDGES $5M SHOT IN ARM FOR RUTGERS -- SCHOOL TO BE RENAMED FOR FORMER CLIFTON MAN], ''[[The Record (Bergen County)]]'', [[December 16]], [[2001]]. Accessed [[May 13]], [[2007]].</ref>
*[[Ronald F. Maxwell]] (born 1949), movie director.<ref>Spiewak, Anna. [http://www.northjersey.com/realestate/movingup/13295872.html "Convenience, location make Clifton the right spot"], ''[[The Record (Bergen County)]]'', [[January 6]], [[2008]]. Accessed [[May 28]], [[2008]]. "Several personalities also hail from Clifton, including psychologist and author of numerous works on cognitive behavior therapy Michael Adams, Italian-American soccer player Giuseppe Rossi, former New York Jets lineman Dave Szott, movie director Ronald F. Maxwell and David Chase, creator of ''The Sopranos.''"</ref>
*[[Chris Opperman]] (born 1978), modern composer who performed on [[Steve Vai]]'s Grammy-nominated composition "Lotus Feet" grew up in Clifton and attended CHS.<ref>[http://www.oppymusic.com/bio.html Chris Opperman: Present-Day Composer], Oppymusic.com 4.2. Accessed [[July 23]], [[2007]]. "Pianist/composer Chris Opperman grew up in Clifton, New Jersey and attended Berklee."</ref>
*[[Giuseppe Rossi]] (born 1987), [[Italian American]] [[football (soccer)|soccer]] player.<ref>[http://soccernet.espn.go.com/columns/story?id=350666&root=us&cc=5901 My Country, 'Tis of Thee], [[ESPN]], [[November 30]], [[2005]]. "Flying under the radar of most is 18-year-old Giuseppe Rossi, a striker born in New Jersey, whose parents are from Italy. Rossi was brought up in the soccer hotbed of Clifton, N.J., where his father coached soccer."</ref>
*[[Steve Smith (New York Giants)|Steve Smith]] (born 1985), wide receiver for the [[New York Giants]].{{Fact|date=May 2008}}
*[[Dave Szott]] (born 1967), former [[NFL]] offensive lineman for the [[New York Jets]].<ref>[http://www.nfl.com/teams/story/NYJ/5381909 Szott tears ACL in non-contact drill], [[New York Jets]] press release dated [[May 29]], [[2002]].</ref><ref>[http://www.trinityfsem.com/docs/release-szott.pdf 15-Year NFL Veteran Dave Szott Joins Local Advisory Board], press release dated [[October 8]], [[2004]].</ref>
*[[Lawrence Tynes]] (born 1978), kicker for the [[New York Giants]].<ref>Pedulla, Tom. [http://www.usatoday.com/sports/football/nfl/giants/2008-01-29-tynes-nfl_N.htm "Tynes never lost confidence in his kicking or his family"], ''[[USA Today]]'', [[January 29]], [[2008]]. Accessed [[February 7]], [[2008]]. "Tynes' wife, watching by herself at their Clifton, N.J., home after putting the twins to bed, held a muted celebration."</ref>


==References==
==Culture and tourism==
{{reflist|2}}
=== Museums ===
[[Image:Hunter Museum of American Art.jpg|thumb|Modern extension of the [[Hunter Museum of American Art]]]]
Chattanooga is the home to the [[Hunter Museum of American Art]], a well known art museum. As birthplace of the [[tow truck]], Chattanooga is now home to the International Towing and Recovery Hall of Fame and Museum,<ref>[http://www.internationaltowingmuseum.org The International Towing and Recovery Hall of Fame and Museum<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> as well as another transportation icon at the [[Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum]], the largest operating historic railroad in the south. Other notable museums include the Chattanooga Regional History Museum,<ref>[http://www.chattanoogahistory.com Chattanooga Regional History Museum<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> the National Medal of Honor Museum,<ref>[http://www.mohm.org National Medal of Honor Museum, Chattanooga, Tennessee<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> the Houston Museum,<ref>[http://www.thehoustonmuseum.com index.html<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> and the Chattanooga African American Museum.<ref>[http://www.caamhistory.com Chattanooga African American Museum<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

=== Arts and literature ===
Chattanooga's historic Tivoli Theatre is home to the [[Chattanooga Symphony and Opera]] under the direction of [[Robert Bernhardt]]<ref>[http://chattanoogasymphony.org Chattanooga Symphony and Opera: Welcome!<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>.
The Chattanooga Theatre Centre offers 15 productions each year in three separate theater programs: the Mainstage, the Circle Theater, and the Youth Theater.<ref>[http://www.theatrecentre.com Chattanooga Theatre Centre<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Another popular performance venue is [[Memorial Auditorium (Chattanooga)|Memorial Auditorium]]. Chattanooga is host to several writing conferences, including the Conference on Southern Literature the Festival of Writers, both sponsored by the Arts & Education Council of Chattanooga<ref>[http://artsedcouncil.org The Arts & Education Council of Chattanooga<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>.

=== Tourist attractions ===
[[Image:Tennesseeaquarium.JPG|right|thumb|Tennessee Aquarium]]
Chattanooga touts its many tourist attractions, including the [[Tennessee Aquarium]], [[cavern]]s, and heavy development along and across the [[Tennessee River]]. In the downtown area are the [[Chattanooga Choo Choo]] [[Holiday Inn]] Hotel that is a renovated train station with the largest HO model train layout in the United States, the [[Creative Discovery Museum]] (a hands-on children's museum dedicated to science, art, and music), an IMAX 3D Theatre, and the newly expanded [[Hunter Museum of American Art]]. Along the river itself is the [[Tennessee Riverwalk]], a {{convert|10|mi|km|sing=on}} [http://www.tpl.org/tier3_cd.cfm?content_item_id=1179&folder_id=670 handicapped accessible greenway trail]. Not far from the downtown area is the [[Chattanooga Zoo at Warner Park]].

The red-and-black painted "[[See Rock City]]" [[barn]]s along [[highway]]s in the [[U.S. Southern states|Southeast]] are remnants of a now classic [[Americana]] [[tourism]] campaign to attract visitors to the [[Rock City]] [[tourist attraction]] in nearby [[Lookout Mountain, Georgia]]. The mountain is also home to [[Ruby Falls]], Craven's House and the [[Lookout Mountain Incline Railway]], a steep [[funicular railway]] which rises from [[St. Elmo Historic District|historic St. Elmo]] to the top of the mountain to drop passengers off at the [[National Park Service]]'s Point Park and The Battles for Chattanooga Museum (formerly known as Confederama), a diorama that details the [[Battle of Chattanooga]]. From the military park, visitors can enjoy the panoramic views of [[Moccasin Bend]] and the Chattanooga skyline from the mountain's famous "point" or from vantage points along the well-designated trail system.

Near Chattanooga, the [[Raccoon Mountain Pumped Storage Plant|Raccoon Mountain Reservoir]], [[Raccoon Mountain Caverns]] and [[Reflection Riding Arboretum and Botanical Garden]] boast a number of outdoor and family fun opportunities. Other arboretums include [[Bonny Oaks Arboretum]], [[Cherokee Arboretum at Audubon Acres]] and [[Cherokee Trail Arboretum]]. The [[Ocoee River]], host to a number of events from the 1996 [[Atlanta Olympics]], features rafting, kayaking, camping and hiking. Also just outside Chattanooga is the [[Lake Winnepesaukah]] amusement park. The [[Cumberland Trail]] begins in Signal Mountain, just outside of Chattanooga.

=== Festivals and events ===
Chattanooga hosts the [[Riverbend Festival]], an annual nine-day music festival held in June in the downtown area. One of the most popular events of the festival is the Bessie Smith Strut, a one night showcase of blues and jazz music named for the city's most noted blues singer. The annual "Southern Brewer's Festival" and the "River Roast" festival celebrate such traditional Southern staples as beer and barbecue, while new events, such as GoFest!<ref>[http://www.gofest.info GoFest!]</ref>, "Between the Bridges" wakeboard competition and Talespin<ref>[http://www.downtownchattanooga.org/talespin/index.php Talespin]</ref> seek new audiences. Nightfall<ref>[http://www.downtownchattanooga.org]</ref> is the free weekly concert series in Miller Plaza on Friday nights that continues to bring an eclectic mix of rock, blues, jazz, reggae, zydeco, funk, bluegrass, and folk to downtown Chattanooga from Memorial Day until the end of September. The Chattanooga Market features events all year round as part of the Sunday at the Southside calendar of events including an Oktoberfest in mid October. Back Row Films is a city-wide celebration of film co-sponsored by the Hunter Museum of American Art, the Arts & Education Council and UTC.<ref>[http://backrowfilms.com The Back Row Film Series]</ref>

The Chattanooga Dulcimer Festival is held each June. The festival includes two and a half days of workshops for mountain dulcimer, hammered dulcimer, auto harp, and a few other instruments. The Friday and Saturday night concerts feature champion performers from across the nation. A large vending area offers visitors an opportunity to meet instrument builders and musicians. More information can be found on the website [http://www.chattanoogadulcimerfestival.com].

=== Sports ===
Chattanooga is the home of [[NCAA Division I AA Football Championship]] game, held at [[Finley Stadium|Max Finley Stadium]], south of downtown.

The [[Chattanooga Lookouts]], a Class [[minor league baseball|AA]] [[Southern League (baseball)|Southern League]] baseball team affiliated with the [[Los Angeles Dodgers]], boast a loyal following and respectable participation in season-end playoffs. Games take center stage at the downtown [[AT&T Field]] with tickets starting at only $4.

===Outdoor sports===
Due to its location at the junction of the [[Cumberland Plateau]] and the southern [[Appalachian Mountains|Appalachians]], Chattanooga has become a haven for outdoor sports such as [[hunting]], [[fishing]], [[trail running]], [[road running]], adventure racing, rock climbing, mountain biking and road biking. The city boasts a number of outdoor clubs: Scenic City Velo, [[SORBA]]-Chattanooga, The Wilderness Trail Running Association, and The Chattanooga Track Club. The city also funds Outdoor Chattanooga, an organization focused on promoting outdoor recreation. The city recently hired its first-ever bicycle coordinator to promote bicycling for transportation, recreation and active living.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bikechattanooga.org/ | author=bikechattanooga.org | title=Bike Chattanooga | accessdate=2008-01-11}}</ref>

==Demographics==
As of the [[census]]{{GR|2}} of 2000, there were 155,554 people, 65,499 households, and 39,626 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was 1,150.5 people per square mile (444.2/km²). There were 72,108 housing units at an average density of 533.3/sq&nbsp;mi (205.9/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 59.71% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 36.06% [[African American (U.S. Census)|Black]], or [[Race (United States Census)|African American]], 0.29% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.54% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.11% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 1.01% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.30% from two or more races. 2.11% of the population were [[Hispanics in the United States|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race. The 2006 revised estimated population was 168,293 which is an 8.4% percent increase over the original 2006 estimate.

There were 65,499 households out of which 25.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.2% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 17.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.5% were non-families. 33.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.92.

In the city the population was spread out with 22.4% under the age of 18, 10.8% from 18 to 24, 28.8% from 25 to 44, 22.8% from 45 to 64, and 15.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 89.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $32,006, and the median income for a family was $41,318. Males had a median income of $31,375 versus $23,267 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $19,689. About 14.0% of families and 17.9% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 27.0% of those under age 18 and 13.8% of those age 65 or over.

Chattanooga's [[Chattanooga metropolitan area|Metropolitan Statistical Area]], which includes Hamilton, Marion, and Sequatchie counties in Tennessee and Catoosa, Dade, and Walker counties in Georgia, had an estimated population of 496,704 in 2006. The [[Chattanooga-Cleveland-Athens Combined Statistical Area]] which also includes Bradley, Polk, and McMinn Counties in Tennessee had an estimated population of 658,201 in 2006.<ref>{{cite web | last = | first =| authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2006| work = | publisher = U.S. Census Bureau| date = 2006| url = http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/CBSA-est2006-annual.html| format = | doi = | accessdate = 05/02/2007 }}</ref>

==Geography and climate==
[[Image:TNMap-doton-Chattanooga.PNG|right|Location of Chattanooga, Tennessee]]
The city is located at latitude 35°4' North, longitude 85°15' West.

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of 143.2&nbsp;square miles (370.8&nbsp;km²), of which, 135.2&nbsp;square miles (350.2&nbsp;km²) of it is land and 8.0&nbsp;square miles (20.6&nbsp;km²) of it (5.56%) is water.

The most prominent natural features in and around Chattanooga are the [[Tennessee River]] and the surrounding highlands. The city is nestled between the southwestern [[Ridge-and-valley Appalachians]] and the foot of [[Walden's Ridge]]; the river separates the ridge from the western side of downtown. Several miles east, the city is bisected by [[Missionary Ridge]], which hosted an important battle of the [[American Civil War]].

The Tennessee River is impounded by the [[Tennessee Valley Authority|TVA's]] [[Chickamauga Dam]] north of the downtown area. Five [[automobile]] [[bridge]]s, one railroad [[trestle]], and one [[pedestrian]] bridge cross the river.

[[Transport]] is served by [[Interstate 75]] to [[Atlanta, Georgia|Atlanta]] and [[Knoxville, Tennessee|Knoxville]], [[Interstate 24]] to [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville]], and [[Interstate 59]] to [[Birmingham, Alabama|Birmingham]]. Chattanooga and the surrounding area is served by [[Chattanooga Metropolitan Airport]]. Rail freight is offered by [[CSX Transportation|CSX]] to Atlanta and Nashville, and [[Norfolk Southern]] to Atlanta, Birmingham, Cincinnati, Knoxville and Memphis.

===Neighborhoods of Chattanooga===
In addition to the restoration of downtown, many of Chattanooga's neighborhoods have experienced a rebirth of their own. Chattanooga has many buildings on the [[National Register of Historic Places]], including three neighborhoods: Fort Wood, Ferger Place, and St. Elmo.
{|
| valign="Top" |
*Alton Park
*Avondale
*Brainerd
*Bushtown
*Clifton Hills
*East Brainerd
*East Chattanooga
*East Lake
*East Ridge
*Eastdale
*Ferger Place
*[[Fort Wood National Historic District|Fort Wood]]
*Glenwood
| valign="Top" |
*Highland Park
*Jefferson Heights
*Lookout Valley also known as Tiftonia and Wauhatchie
*Lupton City
*Missionary Ridge
*North Chattanooga
*Orchard Knob
*Pineville
*Riverview
*Rossville (not to be confused with the nearby city of [[Rossville, Georgia]])
*[[St. Elmo Historic District|St. Elmo]]
|}

===Important suburbs===
{|
| valign="Top" |
*[[Collegedale, Tennessee]]
*[[East Brainerd, Tennessee]]
*[[East Ridge, Tennessee]]
*[[Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia]]
*[[Harrison, Tennessee]]
|valign="Top" |
*[[Hixson, Tennessee]]
*[[Lookout Mountain, Georgia]]
*[[Lookout Mountain, Tennessee]]
*[[Ooltewah, Tennessee]]
|valign="Top" |
*[[Red Bank, Tennessee]]
*[[Ridgeside, Tennessee]]
*[[Ringgold, Georgia]]
*[[Rossville, Georgia]]
|valign="Top" |
*[[Signal Mountain, Tennessee]]
*[[Soddy-Daisy, Tennessee]]
*[[Walden, Tennessee]]
|}

===Climate===
{| class="wikitable" "text-align:center;font-size:90%;"|
| colspan="13" style="text-align:center;font-size:120%;"|Monthly Normal and Record High and Low Temperatures
|-
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color: #000000" height="17" | Month
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Jan
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Feb
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Mar
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Apr
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | May
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Jun
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Jul
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Aug
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Sep
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Oct
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Nov
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Dec
|-
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" height="16;" | Rec High °F
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 78
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 79
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 87
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 93
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 99
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 104
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 109
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 105
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 102
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 94
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 84
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 78
|-
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" height="16;" | Norm High °F
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 49
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 54
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 62
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 72
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 79
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 86
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 90
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 89
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 83
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 72
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 61
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 52
|-
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" height="16;" | Norm Low °F
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 30
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 33
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 40
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 47
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 56
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 65
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 69
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 68
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 62
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 49
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 40
| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 33
|-
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" height="16;" | Rec Low °F
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | -10
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 1
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 8
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 25
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 34
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 41
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 51
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 50
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 36
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 22
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 4
| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | -2
|-
! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" height="16;" | Precip (in)
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 5.4
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 4.85
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 6.19
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 4.23
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 4.28
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 3.99
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 4.73
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 3.59
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 4.31
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 3.26
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 4.88
| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 4.81
|-
| colspan="13" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;"|''Source: USTravelWeather.com [http://www.ustravelweather.com/weather-tennessee/chattanooga-weather.asp]''
|}

==Transportation==
Considered to be a gateway to the [[Deep South]], Chattanooga's transportation infrastructure has developed into a complex and intricate system of railroads, streets, airports and waterways.

===Principal highways===
*[[Interstate 24|I-24]]
*[[Interstate 75|I-75]]
*[[U.S. Highway 27|US-27]] North (formerly [[Interstate 124|I-124]])
*[[State Route 153 (Tennessee)|State Route 153]]
See also [[List of Tennessee state highways]]

===Major surface routes===
* Brainerd Road/[[Lee Highway]] ([[U.S. Highway 11|U.S. 11]])/([[U.S. Highway 64|U.S. 64]])
* Broad Street
* Cummings Highway ([[U.S. Route 41|US 41]])/([[U.S. Route 72|US 72]])
* Dayton Blvd ([[U.S. Highway 27|U.S. 27]] North)
* East Brainerd Road
* Georgia Avenue
* Hixson Pike
* Main Street ([[U.S. Highway 76|U.S. 76]])
* McCallie Avenue
* Ringgold Road
* Rossville Boulevard (U.S. 27)
* Signal Mountain Boulevard ([[U.S. Highway 127|U.S. 127]]/[[Corridor J]])

===Tunnels===
*[[Bachmann Tubes]], which carry Ringgold Road into the neighboring city of [[East Ridge, Tennessee|East Ridge]].
*[[Missionary Ridge]] Tunnels (also unofficially known as McCallie Tunnels), which carry McCallie and Bailey Avenues through Missionary Ridge where the route continues as Brainerd Road.
*[[Stringer's Ridge Tunnel]], which carries Cherokee Boulevard through Stringer's Ridge where the route continues as Dayton Boulevard.
*[[Wilcox Tunnel]], which carries Wilcox Boulevard through Missionary Ridge and connects to Shallowford Road.

===Public transit===
The city is served by a publicly run bus company, the [[Chattanooga Area Regional Transportation Authority]]. CARTA operates 17 routes, including a free electric shuttle service in the downtown area and free [[wifi|wireless internet]] on certain "smartbuses".<ref>http://www.chattanoogan.com/articles/article_113678.asp ''[[Chattanoogan.com]]'', September 19, 2007.</ref>.

===Railroad lines===
[[Image:Chattanooga Choo-Choo train.jpg|thumb|[[Chattanooga Choo Choo]]]]
[[Image:Chattanooga Choo Choo.jpg|thumb|[[Chattanooga Choo Choo]]]]
Despite a new emphasis on the technology and service sectors, Chattanooga maintains ties to the past and still serves as a major [[freight]] hub with [[Norfolk Southern]] (NS) and [[CSX]] running trains on their own (and each other's) lines. The Norfolk Southern Railway's enormous [[DeButts Yard]] is just east of [[downtown]], [[Shipp's Yard]] and CSX's [[Wauhatchie Yard]] are southwest of the city. Indeed, the two railroad companies are among the largest individual landowners in the city (the [[United States Government|Federal Government]] is another). The [[Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum]], the largest historic operating railroad in the [[Southern United States|South]], and the [[Chattooga and Chickamauga Railway]] also provides railroad service in Chattanooga.

Since both NS and CSX both run through Chattanooga, here are the lines that run through the town (the [[Association of American Railroads|AAR]] codes are used for the following railroads: NS for [[Norfolk Southern]], CSXT for [[CSX Transportation]], TNVR for [[Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum]], and CCKY for [[Chattooga and Chickamauga Railway]]):
*CSXT - [[Western and Atlantic Railroad|Western & Atlantic Subdivision]] (Chattanooga to [[Atlanta, Georgia]])
**[[Chattanooga Subdivision]] (Chattanooga to [[Nashville, Tennessee]] on former NC&StL trackage)
*NS - [[Cincinnati, New Orleans and Texas Pacific]], aka the Queen and Crescent Route (Chattanooga to [[Cincinnati, Ohio]] via [[Lexington, Kentucky]])
**[[Alabama Great Southern Railroad|Alabama Great Southern]] (Chattanooga to [[New Orleans, Louisiana]] via [[Birmingham, Alabama]])
**Georgia Division (Chattanooga to Atlanta)
**Tennessee Division (Chattanooga to [[Knoxville, Tennessee]])
**[[Chattanooga Traction Company]]
***North Chattanooga to Signal Mountain
***Dry Valley Line (Red Bank to Lupton City)
*TNVR - East Chattanooga to Grand Junction (3 miles)
**[[East Chattanooga Belt Line Railroad]] (from Debutts Yard and 17th Street, across to Holtzclaw Avenue and East Chattanooga, used by TNVR)
*CCKY - formerly the [[Tennessee, Alabama and Georgia Railway|Tennessee Alabama & Georgia]] line (Chattanooga to [[Hedges, Georgia]])
**formerly the [[Central of Georgia Railway|Central of Georgia]] line (Chattanooga to [[Lyerly, Georgia]])
Also, the Incline Railway, as well as being a tourist attraction, is sometimes used for commuting by Lookout Mountain residents, particularly during wintry weather, when travelling up and down the mountain could be very dangerous.

Despite the relatively high level of freight rail activity, there is no passenger rail service in the city for either commuters or long-distance travelers.

===Bridges===
[[Image:Walnut street bridge.jpg|center|thumb|650px|Bridges in Chattanooga]]

Being bisected by a major waterway, Chattanooga has several large bridges over the [[Tennessee River]]. They are, from west to east:

* '''[[P.R. Olgiati Bridge]]''' – Named for a former mayor [[P.R. Olgiati]], this bridge carries [[U.S. Highway 27|"27"]] from downtown to [[Dayton, Tennessee]] and points northward.

* '''[[Market Street Bridge (Chattanooga)|Market Street Bridge]]''' - Officially called the [[John Ross (Cherokee chief)|John Ross]] Bridge. It is a [[bascule bridge|bascule]] span which is a type of drawbridge. The bridge was completed in 1917 for the then-astronomical sum of USD$1,000,000. Having stood for decades since its last major overhaul, the [[Tennessee Department of Transportation]] declared it unsafe in late 2004. The bridge was closed in 2005 for a long-overdue renovation and reopened on [[August 4]] [[2007]].<ref>[http://www.marketstbridge.com/happening.html Market Street Bridge Project // What's Happening<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

* '''[[Walnut Street Bridge (Tennessee)|Walnut Street Bridge]]''' – Also known as "The Walking Bridge", it is one of the centerpieces of Chattanooga's urban renewal, and is the second longest [[pedestrian bridge]] in the nation. Over 115 years old, the bridge was declared unsafe and closed to traffic in 1978. It was on the verge of being demolished in the late 1980s when public demand led to it being restored as a pedestrian-only span that opened in 1993.{{Fact|date=May 2007}}

* '''[[Veterans Memorial Bridge (Chattanooga)|Veterans Memorial Bridge]]''' – Installed in the mid 1980s, this structure has helped commuters from Hixson, Lupton City and other northern areas reach downtown quickly.

*'''[[C.B. Robinson Bridge]]''' – This route carries [[Dupont Parkway]] from Amnicola Highway to Hixson Pike and [[Tennessee Highway 153|Route 153]].

*'''[[Tennessee River Railroad Bridge]]''' – Also called "Tennbridge," this [[truss bridge]] with a vertical lift carries the [[Cincinnati, New Orleans and Texas Pacific Railway]] over the river and is a popular [[railfan]] area.

*'''[[Wilkes T. Thrasher Bridge]]''' – Carries Highway 153 over [[Chickamauga Dam]].

===Air Travel===
Chattanooga is served by [[Chattanooga Metropolitan Airport]] at Lovell Field. Located east of the city, Lovell Field is served by several regional and national airlines, offering non-stop service to various domestic destinations. Atlanta's [[Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport]] (ATL) is 125 miles southeast of Chattanooga, the [[Nashville International Airport]] (BNA) is 133 miles northwest of Chattanooga, and the [[Birmingham International Airport]] (BHM) is 145 miles southwest of the city. Certain flights to and from Chattanooga have been known to be cancelled due to a lack of passengers on a particular flight so it is important to know of other regional options.

==Media and communications==
The city of Chattanooga is served by numerous local, regional and national media outlets which reach approximately 1,000,000 people in four states: Tennessee, [[Alabama]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] and [[North Carolina]].

===Newspapers===
The ''[[Chattanooga Times Free Press]]'', the area's only daily newspaper, is published each morning. It was effectively formed in 1999 from two papers that had been bitter rivals for half a century. The ''Times'' was once owned by [[Adolph Ochs]], who then also bought the ''[[New York Times]]''. The ''Times'' had been the morning paper with a generally liberal editorial page. The ''News-Free Press'', whose name was the result of an earlier merger, was an afternoon daily and its editorials were more conservative than those in the ''Times''. In 1999, the Free Press was bought by an Arkansas company, [[WEHCO Media]], publisher of the ''[[Arkansas Democrat-Gazette]],'' which then bought The ''Times'' from the Ochs heirs. Though the two newspapers have merged, the new paper runs both editorial pages, a liberal page and a conservative page, the liberal page being on the left side and the conservative one on the right side, which is unique among all major newspapers in the [[United States]].

Free [[alternative weekly]] papers in the city include [http://www.chattanoogapulse.com The Chattanooga Pulse] and [http://www.enigmaonline.com/gbase/Expedite/index.html The Enigma].

===Radio===
[[Radio station]]s in Chattanooga include:

---'''AM'''---
*[[WUUS]] 980 [[AM broadcasting|AM]] - Oldies / U 97.3/99.3 (Simulcast with WUUS-FM 97.3) (Licensed to Rossville, GA)
*[[WFLI (AM)|WFLI]] 1070 [[AM broadcasting|AM]] - Southern gospel (Licensed to Lookout Mountain, TN)
*[[WGOW (AM)|WGOW]] 1150 [[AM broadcasting|AM]] - News/talk / NewsRadio 1150 [http://wgow.com/am]
*[[WNOO]] 1260 [[AM broadcasting|AM]] - Urban gospel and Motown
*[[WDOD (AM)|WDOD]] 1310 [[AM broadcasting|AM]] - Oldies / Ruby 1310
*[[WDEF-AM]] 1370 [[AM broadcasting|AM]] - Sports/talk/ 1370 ESPN Radio [http://espn.go.com] affiliate.

---'''FM'''---
*[[WUTC]] 88.1 [[FM]] - NPR [http://www.npr.org]/Mixed music / Music 88. Operated by UTC. First and only station in Chattanooga to be broadcasting in [[HD Radio]]. (Licensed to Chattanooga, TN)
*[[W203AZ]] 88.5 [[FM]] - Religious/CSN international [http://www.csnradio.com]
*[[WMBW]] 88.9 [[FM]] - Christian / Moody Radio For The Heart Of The Southeast. Owned and operated by [[Moody Bible Institute]]. (Licensed to Chattanooga, TN)
*[[WDYN]] 89.7 [[FM]] - Southern Gospel / WDYN Radio [http://www.wdyn.com] Operated By [[Tennessee Temple University]]. (Licensed to Chattanooga, TN)
*[[W211BG]] 90.1 [[FM]] - Religious [http://www.klove.com] (Licensed to Walden, TN)
*[[WSMC]] 90.5 [[FM]] - Classical/NPR/PRI[http://www.wsmc.org] Operated by Southern Adventist University. (Licensed to Collegedale, TN)
*[[WAWL]] 91.5 [[FM]] - College alternative / 91.5 The Wawl[http://www.wawl.org] Operated by Chattanooga State Technical Community College. (licensed to Red Bank, TN)
*[[WDEF-FM]] 92.3 [[FM]] - Adult contemporary / Sunny 92.3[http://www.sunny923.com] (Licensed to Chattanooga, TN)
*[[WMPZ]] 93.5 [[FM]] - Urban oldies / Groove 93[http://www.groove93.com] (Licensed to Harrison, TN)
*[[WJTT]] 94.3 [[FM]] - Urban contemporary / Power 94 [http://www.power94.com] (Licensed to Red Bank, TN)
*[[WAAK]] 94.7 [[FM]] - Variety [http://waak.catt.com/] (Low power station licensed to Boynton/Ringgold, GA)
*[[WHJK]] 95.3 [[FM]] - Variety / Jack FM [http://www.953jackfm.com] (Licensed to Cleveland, TN)
*[[WDOD-FM|WDOD]] 96.5 [[FM]] - Top 40 station[http://www.965themountain.com/] (Licensed to Chattanooga, TN)
*[[WUUS]] 97.3, & 99.3 [[FM]] - Classic Hits / You 97.3/99.3 (Licensed to South Pittsburg, TN)
*[[WLND]] 98.1 [[FM]] - Classic country / The Legend [http://www.thelegendonline.com] (Licensed to Signal Mountain, TN)
*[[WOOP]] 99.9 FM, Classic country, old-time gospel, bluegrass and mountain music. [http://www.woopfm.com/] Operated by the Traditional Music Resource Center, (Licensed to Cleveland, TN)
*[[WUSY]] 100.7 FM, Contemporary country / US101 [http://www.us101country.com] Multiple winner of the [[Country Music Association|CMA]] station of the year (Licensed to Cleveland, TN)
*[[WOCE]] 101.9 FM, Spanish (Licensed to Ringgold, GA)
*[[WGOW-FM|WGOW]] 102.3 FM, [http://www.wgow.com/fm] News/talk (Licensed to Soddy-Daisy, TN)
*[[WBDX]] 102.7 FM, [http://www.j103.com] Contemporary Christian (Licensed to Trenton, GA)
*[[WLLJ]] 103.1 FM, [http://www.j103.com] Contemporary Christian (Simulcast with WBDX 102.7) (Licensed to Etowah, TN)
*[[WURV]] 103.7 FM, (Licensed to Walden, TN)
*[[WALV-FM]] 104.9 FM, [http://www.alive105.com] Adult CHR (Licensed to Dayton, TN)
*[[WRXR]] 105.5 FM, [http://www.rock105.net] Active rock (Licensed to Rossville, GA)
*[[WSKZ]] 106.5 FM, [http://www.kz106.com] Classic rock
*[[WOGT]] 107.9 FM, [http://www.1079theduke.com] Contemporary country. (Licensed to East Ridge, TN)

===Television===
Chattanooga [[television station]]s, including:
*[[WRCB-TV|WRCB]] channel 3, [[National Broadcasting Company|NBC]] affiliate - [http://www.wrcbtv.com] (DT 13 / cable 4)
*[[WOOT-LP]] channel 6, independent (formerly UPN) (silent)
*[[WTVC-TV|WTVC]] channel 9, [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] affiliate - [http://www.newschannel9.com] (DT35 / cable 10)
*[[WDEF-TV|WDEF]] channel 12, [[Columbia Broadcasting System|CBS]] affiliate - [http://www.wdef.com] (DT47 / cable 13)
*[[WNGH-TV|WNGH]] channel 18, [[Georgia Public Broadcasting|GPB]] affiliate - [http://www.gpb.org] (DT 33 / cable 12)
*[[WELF-TV|WELF]] channel 23, [[Trinity Broadcasting Network|TBN]] affiliate - [http://www.tbn.org] (DT 16 / cable 9)
* 23.1 [[TBN]]
* 23.2 [[The Church Channel]]
* 23.3 [[JCTV]]
* 23.4 [[TBN Enlace USA]]
* 23.5 [[Smile of a Child]]
*[[W26BE]] channel 26, [[Three Angels Broadcasting Network|3ABN]] affiliate - [http://www.3abn.org] (Not on cable in Chattanooga)
*[[WYHB-CA]] channel 39, [[America One]] affiliate - [http://www.wyhbtv39.com] (Not on Cable in Chattanooga)
*[[WTCI-TV|WTCI]] channel 45, [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]] member station [http://www.wtci-tv45.com] (DT29 / cable 5)
*[[WFLI-TV]] channel 53, [[The CW Television Network]] affiliate [http://www.thecwchattanooga.com] (Formerly [[United Paramount Network|UPN]] and [[The WB Television Network|The WB]]) (DT 42 / cable 6)
*[[WDSI-TV|WDSI]] channel 61, [[Fox Broadcasting Company|FOX]] affiliate - [http://www.fox61tv.com] (DT 40 / cable 11)

See also ''[[List of television stations in Tennessee]], [[List of television stations in Georgia]]''

==Notable residents==
{{Refimprovesect|date=April 2008}}

The following people were born, live, or have lived in Chattanooga:
{|
| valign="top" |
*[[Grant Adcox]], [[race car driver]]
*[[Kay Arthur]], author, teacher and television host
*[[Hugh Beaumont]], [[actor]]<ref name="H. Beaumont">{{cite web | url = http://wdef.com/node/5017 | title = Chattanooga Timeline: 1907-1927 | accessdate = 2007-11-11 | year = 2007 | publisher = WDEF.com}}</ref>
*[[Charles K. Bell]], [[politician]]
*[[Jimmy Blanton]], [[bass player]]
*[[Rachel Boston]], [[Miss Tennessee Teen USA]] 1999, [[actress]]
*[[Adarius Bowman]], Current [[Canadian Football League|CFL]] Player
*[[Daniel Bullocks]], Current [[NFL]] player, [[Detroit Lions]]
*[[Josh Bullocks]], Current [[NFL]] player, [[New Orleans Saints]]
*[[Dixie Carter]], actress
*[[George S. Clinton]], [[film score]] composer for the [[Austin Powers series]]
*[[Will Marion Cook]], African-American composer <ref name="composer">{{cite web |url = http://lcweb2.loc.gov/diglib/ihas/loc.natlib.ihas.200038839/default.html | title=Will Marion Cook | publisher=Library Of Congress}}</ref>
*[[Charles Coolidge]], World War II [[Medal of Honor]] recipient
*[[Bob Corker]], former Chattanooga mayor and freshman [[US Senator| U.S. Senator]]<ref name="B. Corker">{{cite web | url = http://corker.senate.gov/About/index.html | title = Senator Bob Corker - Biography | accessdate = 2007-11-11 | year = 2007 | publisher = }}</ref>
*[[Bill Dedman]], [[Pulitzer Prize]]-winning [[journalist]]
*[[Cal Ermer]], former MLB manager for the [[Minnesota Twins]]
*[[James B. Frazier]], [[Governor of Tennessee]], 1903-1905
*[[Betty Lou Gerson]], [[actress]]
*[[Gibby Gilbert]], [[professional golfer]]
*[[Arthur Golden]], [[author]] of ''[[Memoirs of a Geisha]]''
*[[Terry Gordy]], [[professional wrestler]]
*[[Ray Gordy]], [[professional wrestler]] for the [[WWE]]
*[[Irvine W. Grote]], [[chemist]], inventor of [[Rolaids]]
*[[Dennis Haskins]], actor<ref name="D. Haskins">{{cite web | url = http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0368172/bio | title = Dennis Haskins - Biography | accessdate = 2007-11-11 | year = | publisher = IMDB}}</ref>
*[[Roland Hayes]], [[tenor]]
*[[Rick Honeycutt]], [[Los Angeles Dodgers|L.A. Dodgers]] pitching coach and former [[Major League Baseball|MLB]] player
*[[Henry H. Horton]], [[Governor of Tennessee]], 1927-1933
*[[Michael Houser]], lead guitarist, [[Widespread Panic]]
*[[George Hunter (Coca-Cola bottler)|George Hunter]], [[Coca-Cola Bottling Company| Coca-Cola Bottling]] [[Business magnate| magnate]], founder of the [[Benwood Foundation]] and the [[Hunter Museum of American Art]]
*[[Samuel L. Jackson]], actor<ref name="S. L. Jackson">{{cite web | url = http://movies.yahoo.com/movie/contributor/1800018848/bio | title = Samuel L. Jackson Biography | accessdate = 2007-11-11 | year = | publisher = Yahoo! Movies}}</ref>
*[[Leslie Jordan]], actor
*[[Estes Kefauver]], U.S. Senator
*[[Venus Lacy]], gold medalist in basketball, [[Basketball at the 1996 Summer Olympics|1996 Summer Olympics]]
*[[Yusef Lateef]], [[saxophonist]] and [[music education|music educator]]
*[[Cartter Lupton]], Coca-Cola Bottling magnate and founder of the [[Lyndhurst Foundation]]
| valign="Top" |
*[[Peyton Manning]], NFL football player
*[[Ralphie May]], stand-up comedian
*[[Lurlene McDaniel]], popular [[Young adult literature|YA author]]
*[[William Gibbs McAdoo]], [[Secretary of the Treasury]] under [[Woodrow Wilson]]
*[[Ralph McGill]], editor of [[Atlanta Constitution]]
*[[Ellis K. Meacham]], author of a nautical adventure trilogy
* [[Jon Meacham]], editor of Newsweek magazine
* [[Jackie Mitchell (baseball player)]], female pitcher who struck out [[Babe Ruth]] while playing for the Lookouts
*[[Grace Moore]], [[soprano]], actress
*[[Scrappy Moore (football)]], football coach <ref name="Scrappy">{{cite web |url=http://www.utc.edu/Administration/UniversityRelations/newsreleases/homenews/century.html |title=UC/UTC All Century Football Team |publisher=University of Chattanooga |accessdate=2008-02-25}}</ref>
*[[Adolph S. Ochs]], newspaper publisher of the [[Chattanooga Times]] and [[New York Times]]
*[[Terrell Owens]], current [[NFL]] player, [[Dallas Cowboys]]
*[[Lori Petty]], actress
*[[Ishmael Reed]], novelist
*[[Pat Robertson]], founder of the [[700 club]]
*[[Usher Raymond]], [[rhythm and blues]] singer
*[[Terdell Sands]], Howard graduate, currently in NFL as DT for the [[Oakland Raiders]]
*[[Danny Shirley]], lead singer of [[Confederate Railroad]]
*[[Bessie Smith]], [[blues]] singer
*[[Kurt Smith]], current NFL player, [[San Diego Chargers]]
*[[Lewis Smith]], actor<ref name="L. Smith">{{cite web | url = http://www.filmreference.com/film/52/Lewis-Smith.html | title = Lewis Smith Biography | accessdate = 2007-11-11 | year = 2007 | publisher = Film Reference}}</ref>
*[[Mary Q. Steele]], [[Newbery Honor]]-winning [[children's author]]
*[[William O. Steele]], Newbery Honor-winning children's author
*[[Roscoe Tanner]], tennis player
*[[Johnny Taylor (basketball)|Johnny Taylor]], professional basketball player
*[[Benjamin Thomas (Coca-Cola bottler)|Benjamin Thomas]], co-founder of the first Coca-Cola Bottling Company
*[[Ted Turner]], founder of [[Cable News Network|CNN]]
*[[Reggie White]], [[American football|football]] player
*[[Bart Whiteman]], writer and critic
*[[Leon Wagner| Leon "Daddy Wags" Wagner]], MLB player for the [[Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim| Los Angeles Angels]] and the [[Cleveland Indians| Cleveland Indians]], among others
|}

==Sister cities==
Chattanooga has five [[town twinning|sister cities]], as designated by [http://www.sister-cities.org/ Sister Cities International, Inc. (SCI)]:
*{{flagicon|Israel}} [[Giv'atayim]], [[Israel]]
*{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Hamm]], [[Germany]]
*{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Nizhny Tagil]], [[Russia]]
*{{flagicon|China}} [[Wuxi]], [[China]]
*{{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Gangneung]], [[South Korea]]

Chattanooga also has two twinning cities, including {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Ascoli Piceno]], [[Italy]] and {{flagicon|UK}} [[Swindon]], [[United Kingdom]]

==Other communities==
Other places named Chattanooga include [[Chattanooga, Oklahoma]] and a community named Chattanooga in [[Mercer County, Ohio]].

==See also==
*[[Chattanooga, Rome and Columbus Railroad]]
*[[Chattanooga Choo Choo]]
*[[Silverdale Detention Center]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.cliftonnj.org/ City of Clifton website]
{{Commonscat|Chattanooga, Tennessee}}
*[http://www.clifton.k12.nj.us Clifton Public Schools]
<!--===========================({{NoMoreLinks}})===============================
*{{NJReportCard|31|0900|0|Clifton Public Schools}}
| PLEASE BE CAUTIOUS IN ADDING MORE LINKS TO THIS ARTICLE. WIKIPEDIA IS |
*[http://nces.ed.gov/ccd/schoolsearch/school_list.asp?Search=1&DistrictID=3403300 Data for the Clifton Public Schools], [[National Center for Education Statistics]]
| NOT A COLLECTION OF LINKS NOR SHOULD IT BE USED FOR ADVERTISING. |
*[http://www.cliftonnorthern.org Clifton National Little League Website]
| |
{{Geolinks-US-cityscale|40.867899|-74.15452}}
| Excessive or inappropriate links WILL BE DELETED. |
{{Passaic County, New Jersey}}
| See [[Wikipedia:External links]] and [[Wikipedia:Spam]] for details. |
| |
| If there are already plentiful links, please propose additions or |
| replacements on this article's discussion page. Or submit your link |
| to the appropriate category at the Open Directory Project (www.dmoz.org)|
| and link back to that category using the {{dmoz}} template. |
===========================({{NoMoreLinks}})===============================-->
*[http://www.chattanooga.gov/ City of Chattanooga]
*[http://www.chattanoogachamber.com/ Chamber of Commerce]
*[http://www.chattanoogafun.com/ Convention and Visitor's Bureau]
*{{wikitravelpar|Chattanooga}}
*{{dmoz|Regional/North_America/United_States/Tennessee/Localities/C/Chattanooga/|Chattanooga}}
* [http://gis.hamiltontn.gov/imf5/imf.jsp?site=chattanooga Hamilton County Map Maker]
* [http://www.chattanoogan.com/ The Chattanoogan] - breaking news, opinion, restaurant reviews and community events
* [http://www.outdoorchattanooga.com Outdoor Chattanooga] City-run website with events, activities, educational opportunities and local links
* [http://www.nps.gov/history/NR/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/52chattanooga/52chattanooga.htm ''Chattanooga, Tennessee: Train Town,'' a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan]



{{New Jersey}}
{{Hamilton County, Tennessee}}
{{Tennessee}}


[[Category:Chattanooga, Tennessee| ]]
[[Category:Clifton, New Jersey| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Tennessee]]
[[Category:Cities in New Jersey]]
[[Category:Chattanooga metropolitan area]]
[[Category:Passaic County, New Jersey]]
[[Category:Hamilton County, Tennessee]]
[[Category:1923 Municipal Manager Law]]
[[Category:County seats in Tennessee]]
[[Category:Registered Historic Places in Tennessee]]
[[Category:Settlements established in 1816]]


[[de:Clifton (New Jersey)]]
[[cy:Chattanooga]]
[[ht:Clifton, New Jersey]]
[[da:Chattanooga]]
[[de:Chattanooga (Tennessee)]]
[[nl:Clifton (New Jersey)]]
[[pt:Clifton (Nova Jérsei)]]
[[et:Chattanooga]]
[[sv:Clifton, New Jersey]]
[[es:Chattanooga (Tennessee)]]
[[vo:Clifton (New Jersey)]]
[[fa:چاتانوگا]]
[[fr:Chattanooga]]
[[id:Chattanooga, Tennessee]]
[[ia:Chattanooga, Tennessee]]
[[it:Chattanooga]]
[[ht:Chattanooga, Tennessee]]
[[nl:Chattanooga (Tennessee)]]
[[ja:チャタヌーガ]]
[[pl:Chattanooga (Tennessee)]]
[[pt:Chattanooga]]
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[[zh:查塔努加 (田納西州)]]

Revision as of 21:13, 13 October 2008

Clifton, New Jersey, NJ
City
Map of Clifton in Passaic County. Inset: Location of Passaic County highlighted in the State of New Jersey.
Map of Clifton in Passaic County. Inset: Location of Passaic County highlighted in the State of New Jersey.
Census Bureau map of Clifton, New Jersey
Census Bureau map of Clifton, New Jersey
CountryUnited States United States
State New Jersey
CountyPassaic
IncorporatedApril 26, 1917
Government
 • Type1923 Municipal Manager Law
 • MayorJames Anzaldi
 • ManagerAlbert Greco[1]
Area
 • Total11.4 sq mi (29.5 km2)
 • Land11.3 sq mi (29.3 km2)
 • Water0.1 sq mi (0.3 km2)
Elevation
[2]
121 ft (37 m)
Population
 (2007)[3]
 • Total78,573
 • Density6,965.2/sq mi (2,689.3/km2)
Time zoneUTC-5 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (EDT)
ZIP codes
07011-07015
Area code973
FIPS code34-13690Template:GR[4]
GNIS feature ID0885188Template:GR
Websitehttp://www.cliftonnj.org

Clifton is a city in Passaic County, New Jersey, United States. As of the United States 2000 Census, the city had a total population of 78,672.

Clifton was incorporated as a city by an Act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 26, 1917, replacing Acquackanonk Township, based on the results of a referendum held two days earlier.[5] Clifton is listed under five different zip codes (07011, 07012, 07013, 07014, 07015).[6]

Geography

Clifton is located at 40°52′4″N 74°9′16″W / 40.86778°N 74.15444°W / 40.86778; -74.15444Invalid arguments have been passed to the {{#coordinates:}} function (40.867899, -74.154520)Template:GR.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 11.4 square miles (29.5 km²), of which, 11.3 square miles (29.3 km²) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.3 km²) of it (0.88%) is water.

Clifton is located 10 miles west of New York City off both Route 3 and Route 46. The city is also served by the Garden State Parkway, Route 19 and Route 21.

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
193046,875—
194048,8274.2%
195064,51132.1%
196082,08427.2%
197082,4370.4%
198074,388−9.8%
199071,742−3.6%
200078,6729.7%
2007 (est.)78,573[3]
Population 1930 - 1990.[7]

As of the censusTemplate:GR of 2000, there were 78,672 people, 30,244 households, and 20,354 families residing in the city. The population density was 6,965.2 people per square mile (2,688.1/km²). There were 31,060 housing units at an average density of 2,749.9/sq mi (1,061.3/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 76.22% White, 2.89% African American, 0.24% Native American, 6.44% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 9.60% from other races, and 4.57% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 19.84% of the population.

There were 30,244 households out of which 28.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.3% were married couples living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.7% were non-families. 27.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.20.

In the city the population was 21.6% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 30.7% from 25 to 44, 22.5% from 45 to 64, and 17.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 91.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $50,619, and the median income for a family was $60,688. Males had a median income of $40,143 versus $32,090 for females. The per capita income for the city was $23,638. About 4.3% of families and 6.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.6% of those under age 18 and 5.2% of those age 65 or over.

The largest ancestry groups in Clifton are Italian American (17%), Polish American (13%), Irish American (9%) and German American (8%).[8] Many Turkish, Albanian, and Ukrainian immigrants also live in Clifton. There are substantial numbers of various types of Hispanics, Arabs, Filipinos, Chinese, and Asian Indians as well. Recent demographic changes include a substantial influx of Orthodox Jews in the areas bordering Passaic, a major orthodox enclave.

Government

Local government

The City of Clifton is governed under the 1923 Municipal Manager Law. The government consists of a City Council comprising seven council members, with all positions elected at large in nonpartisan elections to four-terms of office on a concurrent basis.[9]

The Mayor of Clifton is James Anzaldi. Members of the Town Council are Joseph Cupoli, Peter C. Eagler, Frank C. Fusco, Steven Hatala Jr., Gloria J. Kolodziej, and Matt Ward.[1]

Federal, state and county representation

Clifton is in the Eighth Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 34th Legislative District.[10]

For the 118th United States Congress, New Jersey's 8th congressional district is represented by Rob Menendez (D, Jersey City).[11][12] New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker (Newark, term ends 2027)[13] and Bob Menendez (Englewood Cliffs, term ends 2025).[14][15]

For the 2024-2025 session, the 34th legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Britnee Timberlake (D, East Orange) and in the General Assembly by Carmen Morales (D, Belleville) and Michael Venezia (D, Bloomfield).[16] Template:NJ Governor

Template:NJ Passaic County Freeholders

Education

The Clifton Public Schools serve nearly 11,000 students in kindergarten through twelfth grade. Schools in the district are fourteen elementary schools serving grades K-5, two middle schools serving grades 6-8 (Christopher Columbus Middle School and Woodrow Wilson Middle School) and Clifton High School for grades 9-12.

Clifton High School's Marching Band, "The Showband of the Northeast", is well-known internationally. It was most recently honored as "Best in Parade" for the 2007 Columbus Day Parade.

With over 3,400 students enrolled at Clifton High School, it is the largest single facility high school in New Jersey; Elizabeth High School has more students, but they are spread over multiple campuses.[17] The Board of Education of Clifton has an agreement with the Boys and Girls Club of Clifton which is located on Colfax Avenue as well to have students partake of gym class there. There is word of building onto the high school with a possible fifth wing, that would have construction onto the City Hall grounds. The Clifton High School Mustangs were the North I, Group IV Football State Champs 2006, defeating Eastside High School (Paterson 26-0).[18]

Popular culture references

  • The character of Rupert Pupkin in Martin Scorsese's film The King of Comedy comes from Clifton.[19]
  • The movie Donnie Brasco, which starred Johnny Depp and Al Pacino, was filmed partially in Clifton in 1997.
  • Many scenes from The Sopranos were filmed in town, including the parking lot of the Valley Regency on Valley Road, Main Memorial Park, and Clifton High School.
  • New York Yankee Hall of Famers Yogi Berra and Phil Rizzuto owned and bowling alley in Clifton called "Rizzuto-Berra Bowling Lanes."[20] It was located behind the Styretowne Shopping Center.
  • The Upper Montclair Country Club was home to the NFL Golf Classic
  • Baseball Hall of Famer Honus Wagner played his last two seasons (1896-97) of minor league baseball for the Paterson Silk Sox. While the team was named Paterson, their stadium was within the Clifton city limits. Doherty Field was located off of Main Avenue behind the Doherty Silk Mill.

Commerce

  • Linens 'n Things, bedding and home furnishings retailer, is headquartered in Clifton

Notable residents

Notable current and former residents of Clifton include:

References

  1. ^ a b City Council, City of Clifton. Accessed May 28, 2008.
  2. ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: City of Clifton, Geographic Names Information System, accessed November 12, 2007.
  3. ^ a b Census data for Clifton city, United States Census Bureau, accessed September 10, 2008.
  4. ^ A Cure for the Common Codes: New Jersey, Missouri Census Data Center. Accessed July 14, 2008.
  5. ^ "The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968", John P. Snyder, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 209.
  6. ^ The Official Web Site for The State of New Jersey | Zip Codes:
  7. ^ Jersey Resident Population by Municipality: 1930 - 1990, Workforce New Jersey Public Information Network. Accessed March 1, 2007.
  8. ^ Clifton, NJ Ancestry & Family History, Epodunk, accessed April 21, 2007.
  9. ^ 2005 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book, Rutgers University Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, April 2005, p. 165.
  10. ^ 2006 New Jersey Citizen's Guide to Government, New Jersey League of Women Voters, p. 56. Accessed August 30, 2006.
  11. ^ Directory of Representatives: New Jersey, United States House of Representatives. Accessed January 3, 2019.
  12. ^ Biography, Congressman Albio Sires. Accessed January 3, 2019. "Congressman Sires resides in West New York with his wife, Adrienne."
  13. ^ U.S. Sen. Cory Booker cruises past Republican challenger Rik Mehta in New Jersey, PhillyVoice. Accessed April 30, 2021. "He now owns a home and lives in Newark's Central Ward community."
  14. ^ Biography of Bob Menendez, United States Senate, January 26, 2015. "Menendez, who started his political career in Union City, moved in September from Paramus to one of Harrison's new apartment buildings near the town's PATH station.."
  15. ^ Home, sweet home: Bob Menendez back in Hudson County. nj.com. Accessed April 30, 2021. "Booker, Cory A. - (D - NJ) Class II; Menendez, Robert - (D - NJ) Class I"
  16. ^ Legislative Roster for District 34, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 20, 2024.
  17. ^ Clifton High's hallway gridlock, The Record (Bergen County), December 6, 2006. Accessed August 26, 2007. "Clifton High School, circa 1962, is the largest single high school in the state. Only Elizabeth High School has more students, but they are spread out over five campuses."
  18. ^ 2006 Football Tournament - North I, Group IV, NJSIAA. Accessed December 4, 2006.
  19. ^ King Of Comedy Script - Dialogue Transcript, accessed December 1, 2006.
  20. ^ Pezzano, Chuck. "Rizzuto enjoyed a big role in bowling; Sport attractive to baseball figures.", The Record (Bergen County), August 20, 2007. "Rizzuto-Berra Bowling Lanes in Clifton, originally owned by Rizzuto and fellow icon Yogi Berra, was a favorite bowling spot for more than 40 years before giving way to a bank of shopping center stores."
  21. ^ DeCaro, Frank. "No Longer the Punch-Line State; Lauryn Hill, the Sopranos and others are unapologetic New Jerseyans.", The New York Times, April 4, 1999."Growing up in Clifton and North Caldwell, Mr. Chase said, New Jersey seemed very exciting and very mysterious, not dull and predictable as many New Yorkers like to believe."
  22. ^ Dow Henry Drukker profile, United States Congress. Accessed July 16, 2007.
  23. ^ "Clifton's Karcz joining Red Bulls", The Record (Bergen County), July 3, 2007. Accessed July 28, 2007. "Clifton native Chris Karcz, who played at Rutgers, has been signed by the Red Bulls.... The midfielder/forward was a three-time All-Big East Conference selection at Rutgers and was a first-team All-American in his senior year at Clifton High School."
  24. ^ Ratish, Robert. "PHARMACY GRADUATE PLEDGES $5M SHOT IN ARM FOR RUTGERS -- SCHOOL TO BE RENAMED FOR FORMER CLIFTON MAN, The Record (Bergen County), December 16, 2001. Accessed May 13, 2007.
  25. ^ Spiewak, Anna. "Convenience, location make Clifton the right spot", The Record (Bergen County), January 6, 2008. Accessed May 28, 2008. "Several personalities also hail from Clifton, including psychologist and author of numerous works on cognitive behavior therapy Michael Adams, Italian-American soccer player Giuseppe Rossi, former New York Jets lineman Dave Szott, movie director Ronald F. Maxwell and David Chase, creator of The Sopranos."
  26. ^ Chris Opperman: Present-Day Composer, Oppymusic.com 4.2. Accessed July 23, 2007. "Pianist/composer Chris Opperman grew up in Clifton, New Jersey and attended Berklee."
  27. ^ My Country, 'Tis of Thee, ESPN, November 30, 2005. "Flying under the radar of most is 18-year-old Giuseppe Rossi, a striker born in New Jersey, whose parents are from Italy. Rossi was brought up in the soccer hotbed of Clifton, N.J., where his father coached soccer."
  28. ^ Szott tears ACL in non-contact drill, New York Jets press release dated May 29, 2002.
  29. ^ 15-Year NFL Veteran Dave Szott Joins Local Advisory Board, press release dated October 8, 2004.
  30. ^ Pedulla, Tom. "Tynes never lost confidence in his kicking or his family", USA Today, January 29, 2008. Accessed February 7, 2008. "Tynes' wife, watching by herself at their Clifton, N.J., home after putting the twins to bed, held a muted celebration."

External links

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