Uxbridge, Massachusetts

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Uxbridge
Town
Location in Worcester County in Massachusetts
Location in Worcester County in Massachusetts
[[File:.|250px]]
CountryUnited States
StateMassachusetts
CountyWorcester
Settled1662
Incorporated1727
Government
 • TypeRepresentative town meeting
 • Chairman, Board of SelectmenKevin Kuros
 • Vice Chairman, Board of SelectmenMichael Potaski
 • Clerk, Board of SelectmenPeter Baghdasarian
 • SelectmenBruce Desilets
 • SelectmenCarrie Kay Robertson
Area
 • Total30.4 sq mi (78.7 km2)
 • Land29.5 sq mi (76.5 km2)
 • Water0.8 sq mi (2.1 km2)
Elevation
270 ft (82 m)
Population
 (2000)
 • Total11,156
 • Density377.6/sq mi (145.8/km2)
Time zoneUTC-5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (Eastern)
ZIP code
01569, 01538, 01525
Area code508 / 774
FIPS code25-71620
GNIS feature ID0618387
Websitehttp://www.uxbridge-ma.gov/

Uxbridge was settled in 1662 and incorporated in 1727 at Suffolk, then Worcester Co., Mass. Named for an Earl, it claims America's first woman voter,[1] first woman soldier, and early industrialization. Today it is the geographic center of the Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor. The estimated population in 2007 was 12,634.

Early history

Algonquian couple, 18th-century, The Nipmuc are an Algonquin Nation

A first nation Native American tribe, known as the Nipmuc, which translated means "small pond people”[2], settled at Wacentug("tribe that fished rich waters), and "Shockalog", (burned fox place}"[3] Wacentug had about 50+ people living there by the mid 1600's. The Nipmuc were an Algonquian tribe who had a highly developed agriculture. The name Nipmuc is also translated as "people of the fresh waters". In this region of small lakes, and rivers, they grew corn(maize), beans and squash. They had a graphite mine, and had developed a written language. The tribe moved with the seasons, fishing and farming, in the gently rolling hills, woodlands, and streams of what would become the heart of southern New England. Nipmuc villages were typical of their Algonquian heritage. An example of this is a re-created Nipmuc village from Connecticut. The Nipmuc were also closely related to the Narragansett (tribe) from whom such words as pow wow and wigwam have worked their way into current language. 500 + Nipmuc today live in Central Massachusetts.

File:John Eliot.jpg
John Eliot, Puritan Missionary, circa 1646-1675, Apostle to the Indians, helped start Praying Indian villages such as "Waentug" (Uxbridge)

John Eliot (missionary), helped start praying Indians villages, such as "Wacentug". The Massachusetts Bay Colony General Court granted early pioneers the rights to purchase land in the Nipmuck territory in 1659. In 1662, settlers from Braintree and Weymouth, signed a deed with the Nipmuc Chief, "Great John", and bought Native land, "8 miles2(13km)2 15 miles (24 km) W. of Medfield"[4] “for 24 pound Ster”.[5] Squinshepauke plantation became Mendon(1667),[4] which burned in America's first war, the King Phillip's War (1675).[4] and the first Massachussetts Bay colonists were killed. With resettlement in 1680, significant numbers of families had moved westward and settled at Wacentug, to cultivate fertile land in the intervales between the three rivers. The Taft family and Seagraves settled here in 1680 and a bridge was bulit across the river. The western settlers became increasingly anxious to have their own separate town. Uxbridge (W. Mendon) incorporated in June of 1727, and Farnum House[1] held the first town meeting.[6] Reverend Nathan Webb's church, the first church in Uxbridge, was the Colony's first new Congregational church in the Great Awakening time period.[7] Lowell Mason wrote the hymn tune Uxbridge.[8] The pioneer town's future as an industrial center was secure, with good quality bog iron ore, and renewable energy from the Mumford, West, and Blackstone Rivers.

Quakers

Moses Brown. Quakers with ties to Moses Brown were among the first to resettle in Massachusetts at Uxbridge

Shortly before the Revolution, circa 1769, Smithfield, Rhode Island Quaker abolitionists, with ties to Moses Brown, who founded Brown University, settled in the southern outskirts of Uxbridge and changed the character of the town. They settled at Quaker City, building mills, railroads, houses, tools and Conestoga wagon wheels.[9][10][11] Southwick's store housed Uxbridge's "Social and Instructive Library". Friends Meetinghouse[2], built on Moses Farnum's farm, with bricks made from a local brickyard, [12] claimed "fiery abolitionist" Abby Kelley Foster[13]. Abby Kelley became a national figure in the radical wing of the abolitionist movement, leading Lucy Stone, and Susan B. Anthony into the cause. The second Great Awakening touched Quakers, women's suffrage, human rights, and changed local mortuary practices for the poor.[14] The "Uxbridge monthly meeting" later disowned Kelley because of her "radical views".[15] Historic Quaker homes were underground railroad sites. Agriculture was prominent at south Uxbridge, with fertile land, scenic rivers, country roads and cranberry bogs. The influential American Aldrich family got its start here, and the village of Aldrich was in proximity to the Friends Meetinghouse. The family's original cemetery here, is here where the original immigrant ancestor, George Aldrich, is buried. Other Quaker familes, such as the Southwick's, built Conestoga wagon wheels, and manufactured Kentucky Blue Jeans in the mid 1800's.

Revolutionary period

File:Deborah Sampson.jpg
Deborah Sampson, "America's First Woman Soldier", enlisted as Robert Shurtlieff of Uxbridge" portrait, circa 1780

Forefathers here fought in the French and Indian Wars. Captain Josiah Taft's widow, Lydia Chapin Taft, voted locally in October of 1756, to fund this war, in a first step for women's suffrage, legislated by the Uxbridge Town Meeting.[1] Debt from this war led to heavy taxes on the American Colonies by the British, and this led to the American Revolution. Local brothers, Seth and Joseph Read joined Committees of Correspondence(1774).[16] Dozens of local men fought at the Lexington alarm, and at Bunker Hill. General George Washington stopped at a tavern owned by Colonel Seth Read in June 1775 before assuming command of the Continental Army in Boston.[17] Colonels Seth Read[3], J. Read, Tyler, Chapin, Captains Green, Bezaleel Taft, Hall, Rawson, Lieutenants Wheelock, J. Taft, Farnum, and White, served with 46 local heros.[18] Baxter Hall(Lexington drummer), served at Bunker Hill and at West Point when General Benedict Arnold escaped."[19]

Deborah Sampson, America's first woman soldier, enlisted in the Continental Army at Bellingham as Robert Shurtlieff, of Uxbridge, by convincing the Uxbridge seargent that she was a teenage boy. [20] She was wounded in a battle at Tarrytown, New York. George Washington gave her an honorable discharge, some money and some advice. Deborah went on to become a women's rights hero.

Shays Rebellion, an uprising of farmers related to currency disarray, had its opening salvos in Uxbridge.[21] Governor John Hancock had to suppress local riots.[21] Lt. Simenon Wheelock, whose family became local textile pioneers, died at Springfield near the Armory when he was killed by a horse.[9] Shay's Rebellion so alarmed George Washington that he emerged from retirement in 1786 and 1787 to advocate a stronger National Government.[22] Dr. Samuel Willard fought in Shay's Rebellion and represented Uxbridge in Massachusetts's ratification of the U.S. Constitution.[23] In 1789, U.S. President, George Washington stopped overnight in Uxbridge on his inaugural tour. As a new, stronger, America began, Seth Read, whose father John had been an officer in the French and Indian War, was instrumental in adding E Pluribus Unum to U.S. coins, "from many, one".[24][25][16]

Transportation

Routes of the Boston Post Road, The Middle Post Road ran East to West through Uxbridge

Transportation evolved at this crossroads village. The Middle Post Road, set down by Ben Franklin as the 9th Massachusetts Turnpike,[26] began locally around "Colonel Crown's land" and meandered past rocky Yankee farms and woods, as it carried French and Indian War troops, 1812 War supplies, and passed a Civil War camp near "Stage Coach Hill".[9] Teamsters drove huge wagons on the "Great Road" to Worcester and Woonsocket. Erie Canal Irish laborers, built the 46-mile (74 km) Blackstone Canal[4] which carried thousands of tons of goods yearly from Worcester to Providence (1828).[4][27][28][5]The Providence and Worcester Railroad replaced the canal(1847). A second railroad ran here through Ironstone with connections to Hartford, Boston, and New York City. Route 146[6] provides freeway access to Worcester, I-290, I-190, the Massachusetts Turnpike, and I-95 in Providence. Route 16 connects with Connecticut via I-395 at Webster, and to Boston, and Cape Cod via I-495 at Milford .

Early Industrialization

Linwood Cotton Mill, built by James F. Whitin (1866). The Blackstone Valley is the birthplace of America's Industrial Revolution

The Blackstone Valley is the "birthplace" of the American Industrial Revolution. Richard Mowry, an Uxbridge farmer, built and marketed equipment to manufacture woolen, linen or cotton cloth, around the time of the Revolution.[29] Uxbridge, an early mill town, had industries, forges, distilleries, and 20 local mills.[9][30] In 1820, John Capron's first ever Power looms for woolens made "the first" cashmere satinets in America.[4][30][31][32] Benjamin Taft's 1734 Ironstone forge let Caleb Handy make tools, scythes and guns.[9] Wm. Arnold's 1815 mill worker housing remains.[9] In 1855, 561 local workers made 2.5 million yards of cloth.[9][30][32] "Hecla" had American Woolen, [9] Daniel Day's 1810 Woolen Mill,[1][4] and H. Lowell's shoe factory. Wheelockville's Waucantuck Mill, manufactured the first "wash and wear" fabrics.[9] Calumet's (Central Woolen) ran 24/7 making Civil War cloth.[9] Blanchard's quarry rebuilt Boston and provided NYC curbs.[9][30][33] Linwood's cotton mill and Robert Rogerson' Crown and Eagle Cotton Mill were near N. Uxbridge's Rivulet Mill.[9] Capron's original mill grew into a national textile complex, the Bachman Uxbridge Worsted Company, which was instrumental in the manufacture of military uniforms, clothing, and led the women's fashion industry. A 1953 Time Magazine[34] said Harold Walter's mill led New England's textile industry by research into blended fabrics and wool-nylon "serge". Civil War, WW I, WW II Army and nurse corps uniforms, the first Air Force uniform, "Uxbridge 1683 Blue",[35][9] and "latch hook kits" were made here. FDR personally wrote to thank management and workers for extraordinary efforts in the war effort. It was later known as America's third largest yarn mill. Today's industries include: high tech, services, hospitality, and a textile corporate base.

Public health

An 1896 Uxbridge malaria outbreak led public health authorities to recognize early mosquito-malaria links amd to advocate the first community prevention efforts for malaria.

Smallpox killed the Nipmuc, early settlers,[1][18] and men in physician and Colonel, Seth Reed's regiment.[16] Uxbridge voted against smallpox vaccine(1775).[1] Colonel Seth Read, (who was not "variolated"), became very ill in the Canadian campaign when his unit suffered from smallpox and starvation. Illness forced him to leave the Continental Army in 1776.[16] Soon afterward, and with the advice of Benjamin Rush, General Washington ordered that the Continental Army receive the crude vaccination method of that time known as "variolation".[7] Dr. Samuel Willard treated local smallpox victims.[36] The Uxbridge Vital Records are a source of public health history.[18] Local Selectman, Joseph Richardson, died of smallpox.[9] Sen. Bezaleel Taft, Jr, and woolen mill pioneer Daniel Day, both died of Tuberculosis(1840's).[18] Dr. Leonard White published some of the earliest reports of possible childhood vaccine related deaths (1885).[37] State pathologist, Theobald Smith, warned health officer Dr. White about possible links between mosquitoes to an outbreak of malaria at Uxbridge, asking White to have citizens add screens and drain collections of water, while urging White's son to collect mosquito specimens for further analysis.(1896)[38]. This preceded confirmation of mosquito-malaria links by Ronald Ross, MD in India, in 1898. The Board of Health advised a clean water supply in 1905.[39] Sen. Richard T. Moore of Uxbridge was a chief architect of the landmark Massachusetts health care reform legislation in 2006.[40]

Recent history

A typical summer view in the Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor, and Blackstone Canal State Park, looking south toward Uxbridge

Historic parks replaced a textile economy. Large mill fires signaled the end of local textiles. Mills closed, rivers were polluted,[41] and renewal followed. The Great Gatsby('74) and Oliver's Story were filmed here. The New York Times called the local school district's reforms "a little revolution, ...started in this tiny town".[42] The National Heritage Corridor[43] has a 1,000-acre (4.0 km2) Heritage State Park,[44] 9 miles (14 km) of the River Bikeway,[45] the Trunkline Trail, and West Hill Army Corps wildlife refuge.[46] 60 Federalist homes [9] add to 54 National, and 375 state sites including: Georgian Elmshade, and other styles.[9] A 2007 fire, of epic proportions, destroyed the [8] 400,000 square feet (37,000 m2) Bernat Mill, 500 jobs, and 65 businesses.[47] This fire is considered the largest single fire disaster in Massachusetts. The local fire department, located one block away, responded immediately and effectively at 4:30 AM on July 21, 2007. The 10 alarm fire quickly overhwhelmed local resources, requiring a fire fighting response from two states and 66 local fire departments. The fire burned for days. The original historic mill of John Capron was preserved by extraordinary fire fighting, incident command and execution. The EPA monitored local air quality and declining local water supplies. The Uxbridge public works director, Larry Bombara, was asked to lead his national assocation that same year. It was the first test of disaster management for Massachusetts Governor Deval Patrick, the state's first and nation's second, African American Governor. The town's economy has suffered greatly from these losses. Senator John Kerry led efforts from the Small Business Administration and committee that he chairs to provide loans for the Uxbridge business losses. The state Fire Marshall traced the fire to a welding company and failed sprinklers. Added steps to protect historic structures are now being examined. Mill owners plan to rebuild.

Notable families and people

Ezra Taft Benson, "Mormon Apostle", Quorum of Twelve, Missionary to Hawaii, and Utah legislator", Born in Mendon, grew up in Uxbridge 1817-1835, and ran the hotel at Uxbridge Center
Hon. Arthur MacArthur, Sr. immigrated as a boy to Uxbridge, from Glasgow, served as Wisconsin Governor, was a chief justice in Wisconsin and DC. His grandson was General Douglas MacArthur
Peggy Shippen and daughter, by Sir Thomas Lawrence. Peggy Shippen died in Uxbridge, as "Sara Arnold, widow of Benedict Arnold", on Valentine's Day, 1836, according to local vital records (she may have returned fron England incognito, since it was also believed that she died in London circa 1804).

Immigrants, like Robert Taft I, who settled here in 1680, had descendents who became national leaders. Taft's grandson's widow, Lydia Chapin Taft, was "America's first woman voter"(1756).[1] Samuel Taft hosted Washington's inaugural tour.[9] [1][48] Ezra Taft Benson was a Mormon Apostle(1846) and Utah Legislator. His great grandson was the U.S. Secretary of Agriculture and Mormon Church President. Peter Rawson Taft I's son, United States Secretary of War Alphonso Taft(1874) delivered an impassioned speech in Uxbridge on his family's history at a famous 1874 family reunion at Elmshade.[49] Young William Howard Taft, Alfonso's son, and William's brother Charles Phelps Taft, (who founded the Chicago Cubs), both likely heard it. Peter's grandson, U.S. President William Howard Taft, visited and stayed here(1910).[50] A local immigrant boy, Arthur MacArthur, Sr. became Lt. Governor and Supreme Court Justice in Wisconsin, and Washington, D.C. Arthur's grandson, Douglas MacArthur, was a famous American General. Seth Read[10] added E Pluribus Unum to U.S. coins and founded Erie, PA.[24][25][16] Seth's son was a Great Lakes ship captain, and grandson, a Whig Congressmen. Phineas Bruce and Benjamin Adams were Congressmen. Benedict Arnold's widow died here(1836).[11] The American Aldrich family started in Mendon and Uxbridge. "Great Uncle", Nelson Aldrich, started the Federal Reserve, and the U.S. Income Tax. Nelson's grandson, was Vice President Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller. Joshua Macomber and William Augustus Mowry, were educators. Ed. Sullivan won a Medal of Honor(1898). Alice Bridges won a medal at the 1936 Berlin Olympics and the town honored her in 2006.[12] Tim Fortugno, pitched for the Angels, White Sox and Reds(1990's). Richard T. Moore was a FEMA executive (1994-1996), and is now in line to lead the National Association of State Legislators in 2009.[40] Brian Skerry, is a photojournalist with National Geographic and a passionate advocate "sounding the alarm" for the preservation of global fisheries.

Government

Template:Infobox Mass Town Govt The Representative town meeting government, has a Board of Selectmen:[51] Kevin J. Kuros, Chairman, Michael Potaski, Vice Chairman, Carrie Kay Robertson, Clerk, Peter Baghdasarian and Bruce Desilets and a Town Manager. Local government made history by: 1) granting the first woman in America the right to vote in 1756[1], 2) ruling against Smallpox variolation for citizens in 1775[1], and 3) defying the Massachusetts Secretary of State's office by approving the right of women to serve on juries in 1922.[13]

Geography

The town's total area is 30.4 square miles (78.7 km²) {with 0.8 square miles (2.1 km²) (2.73%) of water}, located 38 miles (61 km) SW of Boston, 16 miles (26 km) SE of Worcester, 175 miles (282 km) NE of New York City, and 24 miles (39 km) NW of Providence, (Greater Boston CSA).[14] Elevations are 200 feet (61 m) to 577 feet (176 m). It borders Douglas, Mendon, Millville, Northbridge, Sutton, Burrillville, and North Smithfield.

Demographics

2000's census,Template:GR showed 11,156 people, 3,988 households, and 3,034 families. 98.04% were White, 0.95% Hispanic, 0.15% African American, 0.13% Native American, 0.61% Asian, and 0.07% Pacific Islander. Density was 377.6 people/ mile2 (145.8/km²). 9.5% of households had a 65 + person living alone, 29.2% were under 18, 5.8%, 40.9% from 18 to 44, 20.0% from 45 to 64. Median income was $61,855 and Per capita income was $24,540. 4.7% fell below the poverty line.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Chapin, Judge Henry (1881). "Address Delivered at the Unitarian Church in Uxbridge, 1864". Worcester, MA. pp. p.172. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Unknown parameter |publishe= ignored (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  2. ^ "Nipmuc History". Lee Sultzman. Retrieved 2007-09-28.
  3. ^ ""Nipmuc place names of New England". native tech.org. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Marvin, Rev. Abijah Perkins (1879). History of Worcester County, Massachusetts, Embracing a Comprehensive History of the County from its earliest beginnings to the present time; Vol. lI. Boston, MA: CF Jewitt and Company. pp. 421–436. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  5. ^ Connole, Dennis A. (2001). The Indians of the Nipmuck Country in Southern New England, 1630-1750: A Historical Geography. McFarland and Company (Accessed by Google Books). pp. p. 146. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  6. ^ "John Farnum, Jr". Doug Sinclair's Archives. Retrieved 2007-10-04.
  7. ^ Clarke, D.D., Joseph S. (1858). A Historical Sketch of the Congregational Churches in Massachusetts, from 1620 to 1858. Boston (Digitized by Google books): Congregational Board of Publication. pp. p. 148. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  8. ^ "The Heavens Declare Thy Glory (Watts)". www.cyberhymnal.com. Retrieved 2007-09-23.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p ""walking tours-Uxbridge"". Blackstone Daily. Retrieved 2007-09-23. Cite error: The named reference "walking" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  10. ^ "Uxbridge, Worcester County". Department of Housing and Community Development. Retrieved 2008-05-24.
  11. ^ "The Conestoga Wagon". The Conestoga Area Historical Society. Retrieved 2007-09-23.
  12. ^ "The Uxbridge Meeting House". Blackstone Daily. Retrieved 2007-09-23.
  13. ^ "Uxbridge, Friends Meetinghouse". NPS. Retrieved 2007-09-29.
  14. ^ ""The Historical Archeology of Mortuary Behavior: Coffin Hardware from Uxbridge, Massachusetts; Abstract: Edward Bell"" (PDF). University of Florida. 1992. Retrieved 2007-11-01. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  15. ^ Buffum, Lucille. "Elizabeth Buffum Chase- Her Life and its Environment. Google books.
  16. ^ a b c d e Buford, Mary Hunter (1895). "Seth Read, Lieut.-Col.Continental Army; Pioneer at Geneva, New York, 1787, and at Erie, Penn., June, 1795. His Ancestors and Descendants.". Boston, Mass. pp. 167 Pages on CD in PDF Format. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthor= (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) Cite error: The named reference "Seth" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  17. ^ Collections of the Worcester Society of Antiquity. Volume XIV. Worcester, Massachusetts: googlebooks. 1897. p. 34. Retrieved 2007-09-07.
  18. ^ a b c d Baldwin, Thomas Williams (1916). "Vital Records of Uxbridge, Massachusetts to the Year 1850. Boston: Wright and Potter Printing. pp. p. 2-450. Retrieved 2007-11-02. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help)
  19. ^ "Martial Musick in Uxbridge Massachusetts 1727-Present". www.anglefire.com. Retrieved 2007-09-23.
  20. ^ ""DEBORAH SAMPSON.; How She Served as a Soldier in the Revolution -- Her Sex Unknown to the Army.*"". New York Times. 1898-10-08. Retrieved 2007-10-31. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  21. ^ a b ""Quelling the opening salvos of Shay's rebellion"". alexautographs.com. Retrieved 2007-11-10.
  22. ^ Richards, Leonard L. (2002). Shays's Rebellion: The American Revolution's Final Battle. Philadelphia: U. of Pennsylvania Press. p. pp. 1–4, 129–30. {{cite book}}: |page= has extra text (help)
  23. ^ [url=http://wisconsinhistory.org/ratification/digital/resource/supplements/mass.supp.0305.htm. ""Masschusetts supplements""]. wisconisinhistory.org. Retrieved 2007-10-20. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help); Missing pipe in: |url= (help)
  24. ^ a b ""e pluribus unum"". www.treas.gov. Retrieved 2007-09-29.
  25. ^ a b Preble, George (1879). Origin and History of the American Flag and of the Naval and Yacht club Signals, Seals and Arms, and of the Principal National Songs of the United States; Volume II. Philadelphia: Brown. pp. p. 695-696. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Unknown parameter |middle= ignored (help)
  26. ^ Holbrook, Stewart H (1962), The Old Post Road: The Story of the Boston Post Road, New York: McGraw Hill, pp. p. {{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Text "book" ignored (help)
  27. ^ "History of the Canal, The Blackstone Canal: A Brief Overview of Its Historical Significance". Worcester Historical Museum. Retrieved 2007-09-23.
  28. ^ "Stone Arch Bridge across Blackstone Canal in Blackstone River and Canal Heritage State Park. Uxbridge, Massachusetts, October 10, 2004". Asgreev Photos. Retrieved 2007-09-25.
  29. ^ ""Blackstone River Valley, New England's Historic National Park area; Navigator/Uxbridge"". Blackstonevalley.com. Retrieved 2007-12-06.
  30. ^ a b c d ""MHC Reconnaissance Survey Town Report: Uxbridge; Report Date: 1984 Associated Regional Report: Central Massachusetts;"" (PDF). Massachusetts Historical Commission;. 1984. Retrieved 2007-11-20.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  31. ^ "Blackstone River Watershed". Executive Office of Environmental Affairs, Mass Gov. Retrieved 2007-09-23.
  32. ^ a b ""Uxbridge, MA-Description of Uxbridge"". mass.info. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
  33. ^ Crane, Ellery Bicknell (1907). Historic Homes and Institutions and Genealogical and Personal Memories of Worcester County, Massachusetts with a history of Worcester Society of Antiquity;. Lewis. p. 385. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |1= and |coauthors= (help); Unknown parameter |Location= ignored (|location= suggested) (help)
  34. ^ "The Pride of Uxbridge (August 24, 1953)". Retrieved 2007-09-24.
  35. ^ "Getting the Blues, by Tech. Sgt. Pat McKenna". Air Force Link. Retrieved 2007-09-24.
  36. ^ Backofen, Walter A (2001). Elias Frost, M.D., and his strategy for being remembered. pp. p. 6. OCLC: 58438763. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  37. ^ Shrady, George F, Editor (1885). "Medical Record, A Weekly Journal of Medicine and Surgery", Vol 28, No 24, December 12, 1885. New York City: William Wood & Company. p. p.651. {{cite book}}: |first= has generic name (help); |page= has extra text (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  38. ^ ""A History of Mosquitoes in Massachusetts, by Curtis R. Best"". Northeast mosquito control association. Retrieved 2008-03-31.
  39. ^ ‘Annual Report of the State Board of Health of Massachusetts”. Public Documents of Massachusetts; Google Books. 1905. p. p. 52. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); |page= has extra text (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |authorlist= (help)
  40. ^ a b "The rock stars of universal coverage, by J. Kaisser (December 5, 2006)". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 2007-09-23.
  41. ^ ""Cleaning up the Blackstone"". National Park Serivce. Retrieved 2007-11-16.
  42. ^ ""The ramparts of a little revolution in education"". New York Times. Retrieved 2008-04-04.
  43. ^ "John H. Chaffee Blackstone Valley National Heritage Corridor; Massachusetts/Rhode Island; Birthplace of the Industrial Revolution". National Park Service; US Department of the Interior. Retrieved 2007-09-23.
  44. ^ "Blackstone River and Canal Heritage State Park". Mass.gov; Department of Conservation and Recreation. Retrieved 2007-09-23.
  45. ^ ""About the Bikeway"". Blackstone Valley Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved 2007-09-23.
  46. ^ "West Hill Dam, Uxbridge Massachusetts". US Army Corps of engineers. Retrieved 2007-09-23.
  47. ^ "Fire ravages old Uxbridge mill, by John Guilfoil (July 22, 2007)". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 2007-09-24.
  48. ^ ""Stanton River Tour"". oldhalifax.com. Retrieved 2008-05-01.
  49. ^ Leonard, Lewis recounted Alexander. "The Life of Alphonso Taft" by Google Books.Leonard, Lewis Alexander. "The Life of Alphonso Taft" by Google Books.dq=%22the+life+of+alphonso+taft%22+by+lewis+alexander+leonard&source=web&ots=oPnSgqCCBA&sig=ItrjVR1tAeXtoOKUMZX4KXjKiy4#PPA230,M1 ""Life of Alphonso Taft"". Google Books. Retrieved 2007-11-25. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  50. ^ ""Taft visits Home of His Ancestors"". New York Times. Retrieved 2007-11-27.
  51. ^ Uxbridge Massachusetts Website - Board of Selectmen (1.00.00)

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uxbridge,_Massachusetts&oldid=244862021"