Afrikaner Volksfront: Difference between revisions

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{{Use South African English|date=February 2017}}
{{Short description|South African separatist organization}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Multiple issues|
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{{Expand Afrikaans|date=September 2018}}
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{{Expand Dutch|date=September 2018}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2015}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2015}}
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{{Expand Afrikaans|topic=hist|date=September 2018}}
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{{Expand Dutch|topic=hist|date=September 2018}}
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{{Use South African English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox war faction
{{Infobox war faction
|war=the [[Negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa|transition to majority rule in South Africa]]
|war=the [[Negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa|transition to majority rule in South Africa]]
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| status = Defunct
| status = Defunct
| clans = [[Boerestaat Party]], [[Herstigte Nasionale Party]], and [[Oranjewerkers]]
| clans = [[Boerestaat Party]], [[Herstigte Nasionale Party]], and [[Oranjewerkers]]
|position=Right-wing
|position= [[Right-wing politics|Right-wing]]
| colours =Orange, blue, green, and white
| colours = {{colour box|Orange}}{{colour box|White}}{{colour box|Blue}}{{colour box|Green}}<br />Orange, white, blue, and green
|ideology=[[Afrikaner nationalism]]
|ideology=[[Afrikaner nationalism]]
|founder=[[Constand Viljoen]], Tienie Groenewald, Koos Bischoff, and Cobus Visser
|founder=[[Constand Viljoen]], Tienie Groenewald, Koos Bischoff, and Cobus Visser
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The AVF was formed by General [[Constand Viljoen]] and three other generals from the [[South African Defence Force]] (SADF), and launched on 7 May 1993.<ref>van Rooyen,Johnann ''Hard Right: The New White Power in South Africa'' I.B. Tauris (1994) p113</ref> The other three generals were Major General Tienie Groenewald, a former chief of military intelligence, Lieutenant General Koos Bischoff, former chief of operations of the SADF, and Lieutenant General Cobus Visser, a former head of investigations of the [[South African Police]].<ref name="NYT01">{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/05/06/world/south-african-rightists-rally-behind-ex-generals.html | title=South African Rightists Rally Behind Ex-Generals | work=The New York Times | date=6 May 1993 | access-date=31 July 2016 | author=Keller, Bill}}</ref> The AVF President was Dr [[Ferdi Hartzenberg]], leader of the [[Conservative Party (South Africa)|Conservative Party]], and the chief secretary was Colonel Piet Botha.
The AVF was formed by General [[Constand Viljoen]] and three other generals from the [[South African Defence Force]] (SADF), and launched on 7 May 1993.<ref>van Rooyen,Johnann ''Hard Right: The New White Power in South Africa'' I.B. Tauris (1994) p113</ref> The other three generals were Major General Tienie Groenewald, a former chief of military intelligence, Lieutenant General Koos Bischoff, former chief of operations of the SADF, and Lieutenant General Cobus Visser, a former head of investigations of the [[South African Police]].<ref name="NYT01">{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/05/06/world/south-african-rightists-rally-behind-ex-generals.html | title=South African Rightists Rally Behind Ex-Generals | work=The New York Times | date=6 May 1993 | access-date=31 July 2016 | author=Keller, Bill}}</ref> The AVF President was Dr [[Ferdi Hartzenberg]], leader of the [[Conservative Party (South Africa)|Conservative Party]], and the chief secretary was Colonel Piet Botha.


The AVF existed as an umbrella group for right wing groups rather than a party in itself. Other groups involved included the [[Boerestaat Party]], the [[Herstigte Nasionale Party]], and the [[Oranjewerkers]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.photius.com/countries/south_africa/government/south_africa_government_freedom_front.html|title=South Africa Freedom Front - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System|website=www.photius.com}}</ref> The AVF aimed to disrupt the [[South African general election, 1994|1994 elections]].
The AVF existed as an umbrella group for right wing groups rather than a party in itself. Other groups involved included the [[Boerestaat Party]], the [[Herstigte Nasionale Party]], and the [[Oranjewerkers]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.photius.com/countries/south_africa/government/south_africa_government_freedom_front.html|title=South Africa Freedom Front - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System|website=www.photius.com}}</ref> The AVF aimed to disrupt the [[South African general election, 1994|1994 elections]].


The AVF established a ''Volksrepubliek werkkomitee'' ("People's Republic working committee") to gather information and put the ideal of Afrikaner self-determination into practice. In September 1993 this committee recommended a ''[[Volkstaat]]'' solution incorporating [[Pretoria]], parts of the [[Transvaal Province|Transvaal]], and northern [[Kimberley, Northern Cape|Kimberley]] and Northern [[Natal Province|Natal]], which would exist as a state with the right to secede from a federal South Africa; in November 1994 a new proposal was suggested for a smaller state with just autonomy.<ref name="van Rooyen">van Rooyen, Johnann. ''Hard Right: The New White Power in South Africa'' I.B. Tauris (1994) pp114-115</ref> The negotiations held with the ANC displeased hardliners within the AVF, with Hartzenberg demanding nothing less than an independent Afrikaner homeland.<ref name="van Rooyen"/> After negotiations failed Viljoen's position in the AVF was undermined by the hardliners; Viljoen left and subsequently formed the [[Freedom Front]].<ref>Seddon, David with Seddon-Daines, Daniel. Entry on Viljoen in a ''A political and economic dictionary of Africa''. Routledge (2005) p556</ref> The AVF rejected the [[Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993|interim constitution]] of South Africa which was passed in November 1993.<ref>Noel, Sid (editor) ''From Power Sharing to Democracy: Post-Conflict Institutions in Ethnically Divided Societies'' McGill-Queen's University Press (2005) p151</ref>
The AVF established a ''Volksrepubliek werkkomitee'' ("People's Republic working committee") to gather information and put the ideal of Afrikaner self-determination into practice. In September 1993 this committee recommended a ''[[Volkstaat]]'' solution incorporating [[Pretoria]], parts of the [[Transvaal Province|Transvaal]], and northern [[Kimberley, Northern Cape|Kimberley]] and Northern [[Natal Province|Natal]], which would exist as a state with the right to secede from a federal South Africa; in November 1994 a new proposal was suggested for a smaller state with just autonomy.<ref name="van Rooyen">van Rooyen, Johnann. ''Hard Right: The New White Power in South Africa'' I.B. Tauris (1994) pp114-115</ref> The negotiations held with the ANC displeased hardliners within the AVF, with Hartzenberg demanding nothing less than an independent Afrikaner homeland.<ref name="van Rooyen"/> After negotiations failed Viljoen's position in the AVF was undermined by the hardliners; Viljoen left and subsequently formed the [[Freedom Front Plus|Freedom Front]].<ref>Seddon, David with Seddon-Daines, Daniel. Entry on Viljoen in a ''A political and economic dictionary of Africa''. Routledge (2005) p556</ref> The AVF rejected the [[Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993|interim constitution]] of South Africa which was passed in November 1993.<ref>Noel, Sid (editor) ''From Power Sharing to Democracy: Post-Conflict Institutions in Ethnically Divided Societies'' McGill-Queen's University Press (2005) p151</ref>


In 1994 the AVF sought to have the Boers recognised as an indigenous people by the [[United Nations]] but were unsuccessful after 82 other indigenous peoples signed a petition against the AVF's participation.<ref>Morgan, Bronwen (editor) ''The Intersection of Rights and Regulation: New Directions in Sociolegal Scholarship'' Ashgate Publishing (2007) p125</ref> The AVF also participated in the [[1994 Bophuthatswana crisis]] in which several members of the [[Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging]] were killed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PPvuAVO2-NI|title=Death of Apartheid: The Whites' Last Stand. 4/6|via=www.youtube.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2DBGVHZc30k|title=The Death Of Apartheid - The Whites Last Stand|last=ZeroEightyFour|date=27 September 2012|via=YouTube}}</ref>
In 1994 the AVF sought to have the Boers recognised as an indigenous people by the [[United Nations]] but were unsuccessful after 82 other indigenous peoples signed a petition against the AVF's participation.<ref>Morgan, Bronwen (editor) ''The Intersection of Rights and Regulation: New Directions in Sociolegal Scholarship'' Ashgate Publishing (2007) p125</ref> The AVF also participated in the [[1994 Bophuthatswana crisis]] in which several members of the [[Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging]] were killed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PPvuAVO2-NI |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211219/PPvuAVO2-NI |archive-date=2021-12-19 |url-status=live|title=Death of Apartheid: The Whites' Last Stand. 4/6|via=www.youtube.com}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2DBGVHZc30k |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211219/2DBGVHZc30k |archive-date=2021-12-19 |url-status=live|title=The Death Of Apartheid - The Whites Last Stand|last=ZeroEightyFour|date=27 September 2012|via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref>


The AVF was disbanded in November 1996.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-04 |title=This week in 1994: Democracy 25 |url=https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/this-week-in-1994-democracy-25-19/ |access-date=2023-06-14 |website=SABC News |language=en-US}}</ref>
The AVF was disbanded in November 1996.


== References ==
== References ==
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==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.boer.co.za/cyber/vfstudy.html First Report of the Volk's Republic Works Committee of the Afrikaner Volksfront]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/19980422212012/http://www.boer.co.za/cyber/vfstudy.html First Report of the Volk's Republic Works Committee of the Afrikaner Volksfront]
{{South African political parties}}
{{South African political parties}}
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{{Politics of South Africa navbox}}
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[[Category:Political parties established in 1993]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1993]]
[[Category:Political party alliances in South Africa]]
[[Category:Political party alliances in South Africa]]
[[Category:White nationalism in South Africa]]

Latest revision as of 06:24, 13 April 2024

Afrikaner People's Front
Afrikaner Volksfront
FounderConstand Viljoen, Tienie Groenewald, Koos Bischoff, and Cobus Visser
LeadersConstand Viljoen, Ferdi Hartzenberg, and Piet Botha
PresidentFerdi Hartzenberg
Chief secretaryPiet Botha
Dates of operation7 May 1993 (1993-05-07) – November 1996 (1996-11)
Group(s)Boerestaat Party, Herstigte Nasionale Party, and Oranjewerkers
MotivesEstablishment of a "Volkstaat"
IdeologyAfrikaner nationalism
Political positionRight-wing
StatusDefunct
AlliesAfrikaner Weerstandsbeweging
Battles and wars1994 Bophuthatswana crisis
Colours    
Orange, white, blue, and green

The Afrikaner Volksfront (AVF; English: Afrikaner People's Front) was a separatist umbrella organisation uniting a number of right-wing Afrikaner organisations in South Africa in the early 1990s.

History[edit]

The AVF was formed by General Constand Viljoen and three other generals from the South African Defence Force (SADF), and launched on 7 May 1993.[2] The other three generals were Major General Tienie Groenewald, a former chief of military intelligence, Lieutenant General Koos Bischoff, former chief of operations of the SADF, and Lieutenant General Cobus Visser, a former head of investigations of the South African Police.[3] The AVF President was Dr Ferdi Hartzenberg, leader of the Conservative Party, and the chief secretary was Colonel Piet Botha.

The AVF existed as an umbrella group for right wing groups rather than a party in itself. Other groups involved included the Boerestaat Party, the Herstigte Nasionale Party, and the Oranjewerkers.[4] The AVF aimed to disrupt the 1994 elections.

The AVF established a Volksrepubliek werkkomitee ("People's Republic working committee") to gather information and put the ideal of Afrikaner self-determination into practice. In September 1993 this committee recommended a Volkstaat solution incorporating Pretoria, parts of the Transvaal, and northern Kimberley and Northern Natal, which would exist as a state with the right to secede from a federal South Africa; in November 1994 a new proposal was suggested for a smaller state with just autonomy.[5] The negotiations held with the ANC displeased hardliners within the AVF, with Hartzenberg demanding nothing less than an independent Afrikaner homeland.[5] After negotiations failed Viljoen's position in the AVF was undermined by the hardliners; Viljoen left and subsequently formed the Freedom Front.[6] The AVF rejected the interim constitution of South Africa which was passed in November 1993.[7]

In 1994 the AVF sought to have the Boers recognised as an indigenous people by the United Nations but were unsuccessful after 82 other indigenous peoples signed a petition against the AVF's participation.[8] The AVF also participated in the 1994 Bophuthatswana crisis in which several members of the Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging were killed.[9][10]

The AVF was disbanded in November 1996.[11]

References[edit]

  1. ^ South African Bureau of Heraldry (1995) Afrikaner-Volksfront flag, retrieved 28 June 2006
  2. ^ van Rooyen,Johnann Hard Right: The New White Power in South Africa I.B. Tauris (1994) p113
  3. ^ Keller, Bill (6 May 1993). "South African Rightists Rally Behind Ex-Generals". The New York Times. Retrieved 31 July 2016.
  4. ^ "South Africa Freedom Front - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System". www.photius.com.
  5. ^ a b van Rooyen, Johnann. Hard Right: The New White Power in South Africa I.B. Tauris (1994) pp114-115
  6. ^ Seddon, David with Seddon-Daines, Daniel. Entry on Viljoen in a A political and economic dictionary of Africa. Routledge (2005) p556
  7. ^ Noel, Sid (editor) From Power Sharing to Democracy: Post-Conflict Institutions in Ethnically Divided Societies McGill-Queen's University Press (2005) p151
  8. ^ Morgan, Bronwen (editor) The Intersection of Rights and Regulation: New Directions in Sociolegal Scholarship Ashgate Publishing (2007) p125
  9. ^ "Death of Apartheid: The Whites' Last Stand. 4/6". Archived from the original on 19 December 2021 – via www.youtube.com.
  10. ^ ZeroEightyFour (27 September 2012). "The Death Of Apartheid - The Whites Last Stand". Archived from the original on 19 December 2021 – via YouTube.
  11. ^ "This week in 1994: Democracy 25". SABC News. 4 December 2019. Retrieved 14 June 2023.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Afrikaner_Volksfront&oldid=1218691642"