Jobbik

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Jobbik Magyarországért Mozgalom
Movement for a better Hungary
Jobbiklogo2020.jpg
Party leader Péter Jakab and Márton Gyöngyösi
vice-chairman Balázs Ander
Róbert Dudás
Anita Potocskáné Kőrösi
László György Lukács
György Szilágyi
Dániel Z. Kárpát
founding October 24, 2003
Headquarters Villányi út 20 / A
XI. Budapest district
Youth organization Jobbik Ifjúsági Tagozat
newspaper Barikád (2009–2017)
Hazai Pálya (2011–)
Alignment Antigypsyism
Right-wing extremism
Nationalism
Populism
Irredentism
EU skepticism
Third way
Colours) Red-white-green
Parliament seats
17/199
MEPs
1/21
EP Group non-attached
Website www.jobbik.hu

www.jobbik.com

Jobbik Magyarországért Mozgalom ( German  Movement for a Better Hungary ), Jobbik for short (also an abbreviation for Jobb oldali I fjúsági K özösség, German  right youth community ) is a political party in Hungary .

In the 2014 European elections , Jobbik received 14.7% of the vote.

Originally a right-wing extremist party, which at that time saw itself in its founding manifesto as a “ value-oriented , conservative, but radically active, Christian and patriotic ” party, Jobbik has recently become more moderate and wants to become a people's party.

Since the 2018 elections, it has been the second largest party in the Hungarian parliament with 19.1% of the second votes and 26 seats.

Content profile

In 2014, party chairman Gábor Vona announced a new profile for the party. He intended to transform the originally right-wing extremist party into a national people's party. In 2018 Vona and the party leadership considered this process to be over. Despite this change, some critics persist in criticizing the party's past. There are also opinions that the party has simply changed its rhetoric. These are mainly formulated by the party's political opponents.

Jobbik sees itself today as a modern, conservative party that wants to represent all Hungarians. The central demands of the party are higher European wages for Hungarians, a corruption-free policy, an education system and health care system that is adequate for the 21st century, as well as a moderate foreign policy, in which Hungary maintains good contacts with both the western and eastern great powers and cooperate with them. In contrast to her previous position, Jobbik supports the country's membership in the European Union , and Vona has spoken out in favor of the introduction of the common European currency, the euro .

history

The party comes from a college community of anti-communist students that was particularly influential in the humanities faculties in Hungary. In 2003 the leaders of this student movement decided to found a party.

In the 2006 elections , the party ran together with the right-wing extremist party MIÉP of the writer István Csurka , but the electoral alliance did not succeed in entering the Hungarian parliament. After internal quarrels, many co-founders, such as the first chairman of the party, Dávid Kovács, left the party.

In the history of the party, the paramilitary unit Magyar Gárda (Hungarian Guard), which has since been banned by law and which was founded in 2007 after the anti-government demonstrations subsided, played an important role. After the final dissolution of the Hungarian Guard by the Budapest City Court on July 2, 2009, it was re-established as the New Hungarian Guard and since then has served the Jobbik as hall protection at events. Although the party chairman Gábor Vona previously supported the guard, he has recently been criticized by them, so that mutual support ended.

European elections 2009

The party took part in the elections to the European Parliament , its list was led by the anti-Semitic and anti-Israeli oriented Krisztina Morvai and received 14.77 percent with a total voter turnout of 36 percent and thus three seats in the European Parliament . The party became the third party nationwide when it participated in a national election for the first time, with only slightly fewer voters than its greatest political opponent, the Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP = Magyar Szocialista Párt).

After the European elections, representatives of the party openly announced their intention to repeal the Treaty of Trianon and the Beneš decrees . This demand corresponds to the demand for the restoration of Greater Hungary from the time before 1919. The politicians who announced this are no longer in the party.

In July 2012, MEP Csanád Szegedi resigned from all party offices. After he emerged through anti-Semitic statements, he learned that he himself was of Jewish descent and tried to bribe him to prevent publication.

Parliamentary election in Hungary 2010

On December 18, 2009, the party officially announced that it would send its founder and chairman Gábor Vona to the Hungarian parliamentary elections in the spring of 2010 as the top candidate and candidate for the office of prime minister. MEP Krisztina Morvai is to be nominated for the post of President. According to a party spokeswoman, the party's minimum goal was to outperform the socialists of the MSZP in the next elections because they are “unable to protect Hungarian interests”. In surveys, the socialists were traded between 18 and 22 percent, Jobbik with 10 to 15 percent (as of December 2009). In fact, the party received 16.67 percent of the vote in the first ballot on April 11, 2010, and after the second ballot on April 25, it received 12.18 percent of the parliamentary seats (47 of the 386).

In the party's election manifesto, its most important task is the “reunification of the Hungarian nation”. Hungarians abroad are to receive Hungarian citizenship as well as representation in the Hungarian parliament . In March 2010, Tamás Gaudi-Nagy - No. 5 on the party's list of candidates - said that the party demanded as a minimum “a safeguarding of the self-determination of the territories of Hungary abroad” and “if necessary, a border change can be made in each case Referendum to be held "; Without going into details, he added: "For this we also need a strong army". The party's election manifesto accordingly states that Hungary's armaments spending should be doubled and the size of the Hungarian army should be increased from 30,000 to 72,000. Gaudi-Nagy has not had any contact with Jobbik since 2014, and he belongs to the group of former Jobbik supporters who criticize the party.

Parliamentary election in Hungary 2014 and the present

Jobbik received 20.3 percent of the vote in the 2014 parliamentary elections and almost 15 percent in the European elections. The party has also won mayoral elections in several cities, including David Janiczak in Ózd, whose astonishing victory Gábor Vona described as the first victory in the 2018 parliamentary elections. In addition, Lajos Rig won the first direct mandate for parliament for the Jobbik party in the replacement election in Tapolca in 2015. This increased the number of MPs to 24. In January 2016, Gábor Vona emphasized the importance of building bridges in society. Since then, the party has focused much more on technical issues such as health policy, social policy and education policy in its election campaign and has increasingly taken a centralized, middle-right position in contrast to its earlier right-wing extremist orientation. In a 2017 interview, Gábor Vona even announced that he was ready to apologize to the Jews and Gypsies and that the Jobbik party was never anti-Semitic or anti-Roma.

Since the party became more moderate, there have been many former supporters and party members who have left the party and criticized the "new" Jobbik. Előd Novák, the former radical board member and MP of the party, banned Gábor Vona in 2016 from participating in the party's board election. After that, Novák resigned from parliament, but remained in the party as a simple party member. Krisztina Morvai, who used to play a leading role in the party and was twice elected to the European Parliament by the Jobbik list, recently criticized the Jobbik sharply. One of the most common criticisms is directed at board member László Toroczkai, who often acts radically.

criticism

The party is accused of anti-Semitism , anti-Zionism and anti- Gypsyism, but the party leadership constantly rejects these opinions. Jobbik also apologized to those who were previously insulted by Jobbik. In 2017, Gábor Vona sent a letter to Hanukkah to greet the country's Jewish community.

A frequent criticism of Jobbik claims that they wanted to annul the Trianon contract . The contract was raised in the party several times, but this statement was rejected. Jobbik demands autonomy for Hungarians living in closed areas. The party has the example of South Tyrol as a model.

There used to be strong homophobic rhetoric at Jobbik , there were demands that homosexual acts in public should be made punishable. Jobbik is no longer so critical of the homosexual communities, she has given up her previous program item of banning Budapest Pride.

In October 2013, various former Jobbik members founded the Magyar Hajnal (“Hungarian Dawn”) party because, in their opinion, Jobbik was not radical enough. Magyar Hajnal has the Greek neo-Nazi party Golden Dawn as a model and claims to want to cooperate with all nationalist organizations that are not considered to be Jobbik's allies. The party also announced that it would compete with Jobbik in the 2014 parliamentary elections.

The Hungarian Holocaust researcher Laszló Karsai describes Jobbik as a “neo-Nazi” party because it operates a cult around the openly anti-Jewish imperial administrator Miklós Horthy (1868–1957). A lawsuit by the party against this designation was dismissed on January 28, 2014 by the Budapest Table Court. According to the court, this statement was covered by freedom of expression because the terms " Nazi " and " neo-Nazi " are not synonymous and Karzai did not damage Jobbik's reputation with his statement. However, the court did not want to comment on the social and professional debate about the classification of the party. In contrast, the Holocaust survivor philosopher Ágnes Heller says that Jobbik was right-wing extremist, but was never a neo-Nazi party.

Observers note that Jobbik is striving for a more serious and less riotous public appearance while at the same time maintaining its radical right-wing program. The party feels strengthened by the results of “extensive, intensive local work”, which, according to SPIEGEL, “stealing ideas” by the Orbán government, as well as good survey results. According to Ralf Melzer , Jobbik has recently held back with verbal radicalism in order to be eligible for bourgeois-conservative circles. However, that has not changed anything about the right-wing extremist core.

Election results

Parliamentary elections

choice Share of the vote Parliament seats space position
2006 2.20%
0/386
 6th No entry into parliament
2010 16.67%
47/386
 3. opposition
2014 20.22%
23/199
 3. opposition
2018 19.35%
25/199
 2. opposition

European elections

choice Share of the vote be right Parliament seats
2009 14.77% 427 773
3/22
2014 14.67% 340 287
3/22

Local elections

Jobbik has twenty mayors and two independent mayors are supported by Jobbik. (As of February 27, 2018)

The list of Jobbikers and mayors supported by Jobbik:

Web links

literature

  • József Bayer: Is right-wing populism the same as right-wing extremism? The rise of the Hungarian Jobbik party. In Sir Peter Ustinov Institute: Populism. Challenge or danger to democracy. New academic press, Vienna 2013, pp. 127–140.
  • András Kovács: The Post-Communist Extreme Right: the Jobbik party in Hungary . In: Ruth Wodak , Majid KhosraviNik, Brigitte Mral (Eds.): Right-Wing Populism in Europe: Politics and Discourse . Bloomsbury, London a. a. 2013, ISBN 978-1-78093-343-6 , p. 223 ff.
  • Peter Krekö, Gregor Mayer: Transforming Hungary - together? An analysis of the Fidesz-Jobbik relationship . In: Michael Minkenberg (Ed.): Transforming the Transformation? the East European radical right in the political process . Routledge, New York et al. a. 2015, ISBN 978-1-138-83183-4 , p. 183 ff.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ https://www.welt.de/politik/ausland/article144524401/Buergermeister-28-schikaniert-Roma-in-seiner-Stadt.html
  2. ^ Extrême droite hongroise: "le FN est sioniste". June 26, 2014, accessed April 11, 2019 (French).
  3. ↑ Magyar Hírlap: "Jobboldal és baloldal túlhaladott dolgok". Retrieved April 11, 2019 (Hungarian).
  4. ↑ How Jobbik became Orbán's danger . In: The press . ( diepresse.com [accessed April 18, 2018]).
  5. ↑ Index - Belföld - Választás 2018 - Mandátumok. Retrieved April 18, 2018 (Hungarian).
  6. ↑ Hungary's radicals eat chalk . Die Welt, May 30, 2016
  7. ↑ ORIGO: Miért olyan kacskaringós Vona útja? In: http://www.origo.hu/ . ( origo.hu [accessed March 13, 2018]).
  8. ↑ Manifesto on the guidelines for a future Jobbik-led government . In: jobbik.com . October 4, 2017 ( jobbik.com [accessed March 13, 2018]).
  9. ^ Jobbik: A Wolf in Sheep's Clothing? - Center for Analysis of the Radical Right. Retrieved April 18, 2018 (UK English).
  10. ^ Peter Münch Budapest: Election campaign on a mined field . In: sueddeutsche.de . 2018, ISSN  0174-4917 ( sueddeutsche.de [accessed on March 13, 2018]).
  11. ↑ Vona Gábor: Bebizonyítjuk, hogy mi vagyunk a Jobbik . In: MNO.hu . February 20, 2018 ( mno.hu [accessed March 13, 2018]).
  12. ↑ HVG Kiadó Zrt .: A Jobbik eurót akar . In: hvg.hu . November 22, 2017 ( hvg.hu [accessed March 13, 2018]).
  13. ↑ Vona economic vonult a Magyar Gárda | Local. Retrieved March 13, 2018 (Hungarian).
  14. ↑ Thomas Roser: "Hungary must leave the EU if necessary". In: welt.de. April 12, 2010, accessed February 8, 2014 .
  15. ↑ Results of the European elections 2009 ( Memento from June 11, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  16. ↑ "Végeredmény: Fidesz 14, MSZP 4, Jobbik 3, MDF 1 mandátum" ( Memento from June 9, 2009 in the Internet Archive ), hirado.hu, June 7, 2009.
  17. ↑ http://www.sme.sk/c/4889016/jobbik-chce-zrusit-trianon-aj-benesove-dekrety.html
  18. ^ Hungarian right-wing extremists: How a Jobbik cadre found its Jewish roots. In: Spiegel-Online . August 16, 2012. Retrieved August 16, 2012.
  19. ↑ Hungary: Gábor Vona is Jobbik's top candidate ( Memento from May 13, 2010 in the Internet Archive ), Europex Watchblog, December 31, 2009.
  20. ↑ FIDESZ landslide victory ( memento of July 7, 2010 in the Internet Archive ). In: Pester Lloyd , April 11, 2010.
  21. ^ Result of the first round of parliamentary elections 2010
  22. ↑ Allocation of seats in the new parliament after the second round of the 2010 parliamentary election
  23. ↑ http://spravy.pravda.sk/jobbik-chce-revidovat-trianon-na-to-potrebuje-silnu-armadu-pan-/sk_svet.asp?c=A100322_183014_sk_svet_p12
  24. ↑ Dezső András: Összerúgta a port Gaudi-Nagy Tamással a Jobbik . ( index.hu [accessed on March 13, 2018]).
  25. ↑ Főoldal - Nemzeti Iroda Választási . In: Nemzeti Választási Iroda . ( valasztas.hu [accessed March 13, 2018]).
  26. ↑ Eredm. Retrieved March 13, 2018 .
  27. ↑ Vona: nyárig minden postaládába eljutunk a konzultációval . In: Alfahír . February 16, 2016 ( alfahir.hu [accessed March 13, 2018]).
  28. ↑ ATV: Vona: Kész vagyok bocsánatot kérni a zsidóságtól és a cigányságtól . In: ATV.hu . ( atv.hu [accessed March 13, 2018]).
  29. ↑ Novák Előd nekiment a Jobbiknak | Magyar Idok . In: Magyar Idők . ( magyaridok.hu [accessed March 13, 2018]).
  30. ^ Hardliner MP Előd Novák Kicked Out Of Jobbik's Parliamentary Group - Hungary Today . In: Hungary Today . ( hungarytoday.hu [accessed March 13, 2018]).
  31. ^ New Wave Media Group Zrt .: Morvai Krisztina: A Jobbik árulását nagyon-nagyon nehéz megélnem . In: http://www.origo.hu/ . ( origo.hu [accessed March 13, 2018]).
  32. ↑ Head of Hungary's Jobbike renounces party's anti-Semitic ways . ( timesofisrael.com [accessed March 13, 2018]).
  33. ↑ ATV: Vona: Kész vagyok bocsánatot kérni a zsidóságtól és a cigányságtól . In: ATV.hu . ( atv.hu [accessed March 13, 2018]).
  34. ^ Hungary's Jobbik gets double rebuff for Hannukah greetings to Jews . In: Reuters . December 30, 2016 ( reuters.com [accessed March 13, 2018]).
  35. ↑ Vona: Az elvesztett területek visszacsatolása sajnos álom-kategória (videó) | Mandiner . In: http://mandiner.hu/ . ( mandiner.hu [accessed March 13, 2018]).
  36. ^ Jobbik backs ethnic Hungarian autonomy endeavors, says Vona . In: Daily News Hungary . August 18, 2017 ( dailynewshungary.com [accessed March 13, 2018]).
  37. ^ Hungary: Young, educated, right-wing radical . In: The time . May 2, 2012, ISSN  0044-2070 ( zeit.de [accessed on March 13, 2018]).
  38. ↑ Vona Gábor már nem tiltaná be a melegfelvonulást . ( index.hu [accessed on March 13, 2018]).
  39. ^ A b Right-wing extremists in Hungary found a party. ( Memento from January 1, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) In: Kleine Zeitung . October 29, 2013.
  40. ↑ New party for the right-most of the right. In: Courier . October 30, 2013.
  41. ^ Court ruling in Hungary: Jobbik can be called a neo-Nazi party , Spiegel online, January 28, 2014
  42. ↑ Heller Ágnes és a Jobbik közeledése | Magyar Idok . In: Magyar Idők . ( magyaridok.hu [accessed March 13, 2018]).
  43. ↑ Keno Verseck : Hungary's rights: puppies instead of hundreds. www.spiegel.de, May 12, 2015
  44. ↑ Ralf Melzer: "Right-wing extremism." In: Helmut Reinalter : Handbook of Conspiracy Theories. Salier, Leipzig 2018, p. 220