Black Lives Matter

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Black Lives Matter
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founding July 13, 2013
Website blacklivesmatter.com
Black Lives Matter Die-in Protest Against Police Brutality in Saint Paul , Minnesota .

Black Lives Matter ( BLM , English for Black Lives Count ) is an international movement that emerged within the African American community in the United States and campaigns against violence against black people or people of color . Black Lives Matter regularly organizes protests against the killing of blacks by police officers and on broader issues such as racial profiling , police violence and racism .

The movement began in 2013 with the use of the hashtag #BlackLivesMatter on social media following the acquittal of George Zimmerman following the death of African American teenager Trayvon Martin . Black Lives Matter gained national prominence through demonstrations that followed the deaths of two African Americans in 2014: Michael Brown , who rioted in Ferguson , Missouri , and Eric Garner in New York City .

Since the protests in Ferguson, participants in the movement have demonstrated against the deaths of several other African Americans in police action or in police custody, including George Floyd , Tamir Rice , Eric Harris , Walter Scott , Jonathan Ferrell , Sandra Bland , Breonna Taylor , Samuel DuBose and Freddie Gray . In the summer of 2015, Black Lives Matter began publicly challenging politicians - including politicians in the 2016 US presidential election - to express their views on BLM matters. In general, the Black Lives Matter movement is a decentralized network and has no formal hierarchy or structure.

founding

Nekima Levy-Pounds speaks during a Black Lives Matter demonstration in Minneapolis .

In the summer of 2013, following George Zimmerman's acquittal for killing Trayvon Martin , the movement began with the hashtag #BlackLivesMatter. The movement was co-founded by three black community activists : Alicia Garza , Patrisse Cullors, and Opal Tometi . BLM was inspired by the US civil rights movement of African Americans inspire as well as the Black Power movement , the Black Feminism movement of the 1980s, Pan-Africanism , the anti-apartheid movement , hip-hop , the lesbian and gay movement and Occupy Wall street .

Garza, Cullors and Tometi met through Black Organizing for Leadership & Dignity (BOLD), a national organization that trains community organizers . They began to question how to react to the devaluation of the lives of blacks by Zimmerman's acquittal. Garza wrote a Facebook post titled "A Love Note to Black People" in which she wrote, "Our Lives Matter, Black Lives Matter." Cullors replied, "#BlackLivesMatter". With her support, Tometi strengthened the movement and the Black Lives Matter online campaign was born.

In August 2014, BLM members organized their first national protest in the form of a "Black Lives Matter Freedom Ride " to Ferguson , Missouri, following the death of Michael Brown . More than five hundred members traveled to Ferguson to take part in peaceful demonstrations. Of the many groups that had come to Ferguson , Black Lives Matter emerged as one of the most organized and visible groups, gaining national recognition as symbolic of the nascent movement. Since August 2014, Black Lives Matter has organized more than a thousand demonstrations. On Black Friday in November, Black Lives Matter held demonstrations in stores and malls across the United States.

After Freddie Gray's death in Baltimore in 2015, black activists around the world developed attempts at reform modeled on Black Lives Matter and the Arab Spring . This international movement has already been called "Black Spring". Links have also been established with other parallel international movements such as the Dalit emancipation efforts . Through activism at US universities, for example the protests at the University of Missouri in 2015, BLM is developing beyond street protests and gaining in importance.

In 2015 there were at least 23 Black Lives Matter local chapters in the US , Canada and Ghana . Other Black Lives Matter Chairs are: DeRay Mckesson , Shaun King , Marissa Johnson , Nekima Levy-Pounds , Johnetta Elzie . In September 2016 there were groups ( chapters ) of the organization in around 40 American cities.

The Black Lives Matter network is a member of the Movement for Black Lives , an alliance of various social and political organizations of the black American population. BLM's financial and accounting affairs are managed by the San Francisco -based non-profit International Development Exchange , which recorded $ 2 million in donations for fiscal year 2015.

tactics

Black Lives Matter protest police brutality in St. Paul, Minnesota.

Black Lives Matter originally used social media - including hashtag activism - to reach thousands of people at the same time. Since then, Black Lives Matter have incorporated a variety of tactics into their activities. BLMs generally adopt direct action tactics which rely on being inconvenient so that people have to deal with the problem at hand. For example, BLM are also known to gain strength through protest . BLM held rallies and marches, including the death of Corey Jones in Palm Beach , Florida. BLM also hosted die -ins and held one during the 2015 Twin Cities Marathon .

Political slogans that are used during the demonstrations include the eponymous “Black Lives Matter”, “Hands up, don't shoot” ( German “hands up, don't shoot”; a reference to the death of Michael Brown ), “I can't breathe” ( German “I can't breathe”; referring to the deaths of Eric Garner and George Floyd ), “White silence is violence” ( German “White silence is violent”), “No justice, no peace "( German " No justice, no peace "), and" Is my son next? "( German " Is my son next ").

Most of the protesters actively distance themselves from the older generation of black civil rights activists, such as Al Sharpton , through their aversion to middle-class traditions such as involvement in the black churches, loyalty to the Democratic Party and the politics of respectability .

philosophy

Black Lives Matter demonstration in Union Square, Manhattan, New York City

Black Lives Matter includes those people who were traditionally marginal figures of the black freedom movement. For example, the organization's website states that Black Lives Matter is a unique contribution that goes beyond the extrajudicial executions of blacks by police and vigilante groups, and that Black Lives Matter - embracing intersectionality - embraces the lives of the black LGBT community, disabled people, illegal immigrants , convicts and affirmed by women, as well as all black lives across the entire gender spectrum.

Founder Alicia Garza summed up the philosophy behind Black Lives Matter as follows:

“When we say Black Lives Matter, we are talking about the ways in which Black people are deprived of our basic human rights and dignity. It is an acknowledgment of Black poverty and genocide is state violence. It is an acknowledgment that 1 million Black people are locked in cages in this country - one half of all people in prisons or jails - is an act of state violence. It is an acknowledgment that Black women continue to bear the burden of a relentless assault on our children and our families and that assault is an act of state violence. Black queer and trans folks bearing a unique burden in a hetero-patriarchal society that disposes of us like garbage and simultaneously fetishizes us and profits off of us is state violence; the fact that 500,000 Black people in the US are undocumented immigrants and relegated to the shadows is state violence; the fact that Black girls are used as negotiating chips during times of conflict and war is state violence; Black folks living with disabilities and different abilities bear the burden of state-sponsored Darwinian experiments that attempt to squeeze us into boxes of normality defined by White supremacy is state violence. And the fact is that the lives of Black people — not ALL people — exist within these conditions is a consequence of state violence. ”

“When we say 'Black Lives Matter' we are talking about the way we black people are deprived of basic human rights and dignity. This confirms that black poverty and genocide are state-sanctioned violence. It confirms that one million black people locked in cages in this country - half of all people in prisons - are expressions of state-sanctioned violence. It confirms that black women continue to bear the burden of a relentless attack on our children and families, and that this attack is state-sanctioned violence. Black gays and transsexuals have a particular load in a heterosexual patriarchal society that we believe as disposed of garbage and tells us the same fetish and proposes profit out of us, this is also state-sanctioned violence; the fact that 500,000 blacks in the US are illegal immigrants and are being sidelined is state-sanctioned violence; the fact that black girls are used as currency during conflict and war is state-sanctioned violence; Black people with disabilities and other abilities carry the burden of state-sponsored Darwinian experiments that try to force us into categories of normality defined by White Supremacy , again state-sanctioned violence. And the fact that the lives of black people - not the lives of EVERYONE - exist under these conditions is the result of state-sanctioned violence. "

influence

BLM protesters in Herald Square .

In 2014, the American Dialect Society chose #BlackLivesMatter as their word of the year . More than one thousand one hundred black professors have expressed their support for BLM. Some media outlets called BLM "a new civil rights movement ". #BlackLivesMatter was chosen as one of the twelve hashtags that changed the world in 2014.

In 2015 Serena Williams expressed her support for Black Lives Matter by writing to BLM: “Keep it up. Don't let those trolls stop you. We've been through so much for so many centuries, and we shall overcome this too. " ( German " Keep up the good work. Don't let these trolls stop you. We have been through so much for so many centuries and we will overcome this too.") As part of a general assembly, the Unitarian Universalist Church passed a resolution supporting BLM, and hosted a die-in in Portland, Oregon . Patrisse Cullors , Opal Tometi and Alicia Garza were - of - as "The Women of #BlackLivesMatter" The Advocate (one of nine runners-up in the category "Person of the Year" German "of the year Person") appointed. The February issue of Essence magazine and its cover were dedicated to Black Lives Matter. In December 2015 Black Lives Matter as a candidate for the award "was Person of the Year " by " Time " is selected. Angela Merkel received the award, while BLM took fourth place among the eight candidates.

Black Trans Lives Matter

Inspired by the Black Lives Matter movement, Black Trans Lives Matter began as a hashtag on Twitter to raise awareness of the murders of black trans people, especially trans women. It was argued that these people received too little attention. It was first used in August 2013 in response to the murder of transsexual Islan Nettle.

The “Black Trans Lives Matter” march “Brooklyn Liberation” on June 14, 2020 was estimated by a co-organizer to have 15,000 participants.

Major protests and demonstrations

2014

Black Lives Matter protesters in Herald Square .

In August, during Labor Day weekend, Black Lives Matter organized a Freedom Ride that brought more than 500 African Americans from across the United States to Ferguson, Missouri , to support grassroots work for local associations. Black Lives Matter members and supporters traveled from New York City , Newark , Boston , Chicago , Columbus , Miami , Detroit , Houston , Oakland , San Francisco , Los Angeles , Nashville , Portland , Tucson , Washington, DC and more cities , in a similar fashion to the Freedom Riders in the 1960s. The movement was generally involved in the riots in Ferguson that followed the death of Michael Brown. In 2015, protesters and journalists at a rally in Berkeley filed a lawsuit for "unconstitutional police attacks" on rally participants.

In November, held Black Lives Matter activists in Oakland, California on Black Friday , one of the biggest shopping days of the year, a Bay Area Rapid Transit BART train on to "business as usual" ( German stop "normal mode").

In December, two to three thousand people gathered at the Mall of America in Bloomington, Minnesota to protest the police killing of two unarmed black men. At least twenty participants in a protest using the slogan were arrested. In Milwaukee , BLM protested the killing of Dontre Hamilton , who died in April. Black Lives Matter protested the killing of John Crawford III . Black Lives Matter protested the killing of Renisha McBride .

A Black Lives Matter protest against police brutality in the Rotunda of the Mall of America in Bloomington, Minnesota

2015

In March, activists protested by "BLM" in front of the official residence of the mayor of Chicago , Rahm Emanuel , and called for reforms within the police departments of Chicago. In Cobb County , Georgia, the movement protested the death of Nicholas Thomas, who was shot dead by police.

In April, Black Lives Matter activists protested the death of Freddie Gray across the United States , including in Baltimore . Black Lives Matter organizers supported the fast food workers' strike out of solidarity and opposed racial income injustice. On April 14, activists protested in various cities across the United States. Hundreds of people protested the killing of Justus Howell in Zion, Illinois . After the death of Walter Scott, the movement demanded that the police be supervised by the population.

In May, a Black Lives Matter protest in San Francisco was part of a national protest denouncing police killing of black women and girls, including the deaths of Meagan Hockaday, Aiyana Jones, Yvette Smith, Rekia Boyd. In Cleveland , Ohio, the movement protested after a police officer was acquitted in the case of the killing of Timothy Russell and Malissa Williams. In Madison, Wisconsin , BLM protested after a police officer was not charged in the case of the killing of Tony Robinson.

In June, following the attack on a traditionally black church in Charleston , BLM issued a statement condemning the attack as an act of terrorism. BLM demonstrated across the United States and held vigils for several days after the attack. BLM was part of twenty thousand people demonstrating for peace on Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge in South Carolina . After the attack in Charleston, several Confederate monuments were damaged with "Black Lives Matter" graffiti and other things. The movement protested after a video was released showing a police officer kneeling a girl with his knees at a pool party in McKinney, Texas .

In July, BLM paralyzed WR Allen Road in Toronto while the police protested the killing of two black men, Andrew Loku and Jermaine Carby, in the Toronto area. BLM activists across the United States began protesting on the death of Sandra Bland, an African American woman who was allegedly found hanged in a Waller County, Texas prison cell . In Cincinnati, Ohio, BLM held rallies and protests to celebrate the death of Samuel DuBose after he was shot dead by a University of Cincinnati police officer. In Newark, New Jersey , over a thousand BLM activists marched against police brutality, racial injustice and economic injustice.

In August, BLM organizers held a rally in Washington, DC calling for an end to violence against transgender women. In St. Louis, Missouri, BLM activists protested the death of Mansur Ball-Bey, who had been shot by police. In Charlotte, North Carolina , BLM protested and organized a die-in after a judge ruled flawed a trial of a white Charlotte police officer who killed an unarmed black man, Jonathan Ferrell. In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Janelle Monáe , Jidenna and other BLM activists marched through North Philadelphia to raise awareness of police brutality and “Black Lives Matter”. On August 9, the first anniversary of the killing of Michael Brown , BLM held rallies, marches, and vigils in St. Louis and other locations in the United States.

Black Lives Matter movement commemorates the first anniversary of Michael Brown's death and the subsequent riots in Ferguson at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn

In September, BLM activists closed streets in Toronto, Canada, held rallies against police brutality and expressed solidarity with the lives of marginalized black people. Black Lives Matter played a role in the take-back-the-night event in Toronto. In Austin, Texas , more than five hundred BLM activists protested police brutality, some at times carried protest banners onto Interstate 35 . BLM activists demonstrated in Baltimore, Maryland as hearings on the Freddie Gray case began. In Sacramento, California, about eight hundred BLM activists protested to support a bill in the California Senate that would increase police oversight. BLM protested against the killing of Jeremy McDole .

Black Lives Matter demonstrate against police brutality in St. Paul on the Metro Green Line

In October, Black Lives Matter activists were arrested by police chiefs during a demonstration at a conference in Chicago . BLM members demonstrated during a meeting at City Hall against the mayor of Los Angeles , Eric Garcetti , at a church in the south of the city. "Rise Up October" captured the Black Lives Matter campaign and brought several protests with it. Quentin Tarantino and Cornel West condemned police brutality as part of "Rise Up October". A Dunkin 'Donut employee in Providence , Rhode Island wrote "black lives matter" on a police officer's coffee mug, which sparked demonstrations. At the University of California, Los Angeles students protested with the slogan "Black Bruins Matter" after several students at a Fraternity -party with Kanye West theme Blackface had worn.

In November, BLM activists demonstrated in Minneapolis after Jamar Clark was killed by officers from the Minneapolis Police Department . Later that month, after continued demonstrations at the Minneapolis 4th District Police Station, a Jamar Clark memorial march was held from the 4th Police Station to downtown Minneapolis. Masked men carrying firearms appeared after the march and started shouting racist slurs at protesters. After the demonstrators asked the gunmen to withdraw, they opened fire and shot five of the demonstrators. The injuries to those shot required medical treatment, but were not life-threatening. The attackers fled the scene of the incident but were later caught and arrested. Those arrested were young men, one white and one of Latin American origin, both believed to be supporters of the white supremacy ideology. Black Lives Matter protesters marched by the library at Dartmouth College , shouting “Black Lives Matter!” Critics said this was borderline harassment, while white protesters insisted their activities were non-violent.

Black Christmas demonstrations took place in December 2015.

2016

On July 7th, on the occasion of a demonstration in Dallas for two killings within 48 hours by police officers of the two African-Americans Alton Sterling in Baton Rouge , Louisiana and Philando Castile in Falcon Heights , Minnesota , the demonstration was shot at a BLM demonstration accompanying police officers. 5 officers were killed and 7 injured, some of them life-threatening.

According to the police chief, several snipers shot 11 police officers from outside the demonstration. In the subsequent exchange of fire with the police, an attacker died; several suspects were arrested.

Police chief David Brown stated that one of the perpetrators said that the aim was in particular to “kill or injure as many white police officers as possible.” The perpetrator had distanced himself from the demonstration. He is angry with the BLM movement, acted alone and does not belong to any group.

After the Dallas shots, protests spread to Europe. Over 1000 people came to demonstrations in London and around 500 each in Berlin and Amsterdam to support the BLM movement

2020

Terrence Floyd in the memorial square where his brother George was killed by police officers (Minneapolis, June 2020)

After the African American George Floyd was killed in a violent arrest in Minneapolis on May 25, 2020 , extensive demonstrations against police violence and racism began there the following day , followed by numerous other cities in the United States. After several cases of looting of shops and arson in some cities, a night curfew was imposed and the national guard was activated in individual states . President Trump condemned the deadly police operation against Floyd, but did not go into the cases of police violence and at the same time announced that he would use the military domestically, especially verbally attacking cities and states led by Democratic Party politicians .

At the same time, further cases of police violence became known during the protests, some of which led to suspensions, dismissals and indictments. Several states and cities banned police officers from using the stranglehold , tear gas and rubber bullets, and announced police reforms. After the first steps taken by the Minneapolis city council to restrict police powers, other cities were also considering considerations and plans to transfer funds previously allocated to the police to organizations and initiatives from the civilian sector, such as B. Neighborhood assistance , educational programs , social work , health care, etc. Ä.

BLACK LIVES MATTER lettering on 16th Street in Washngton, DC (June 2020)
BLACK LIVES MATTER lettering on 16th Street in Washington, DC June 2020
Facade of Washington National Cathedral, June 10, 2020

In Washington, DC in early June on the initiative of the city administration was on the White House painted leading 16th Street over the length of several city blocks in meter-high yellow letters the words "BLACK LIVES MATTER". On June 5, Mayor Muriel Bowser announced that the intersection directly in front of the fence leading to the President's official residence is now officially named Black Lives Matter Plaza . Both were on the one hand a protest against the stationing of military units in the city as a result of the protests, as well as a sign of rejection towards President Trump, who had used this place in front of St. John's Episcopal Church on June 1st as a photo background, for which one there previously Nonviolent BLM demonstration by members of the National Guard and the Federal Police had been broken up with tear gas and rubber bullets.

From the beginning of June, BLM protests also took place in Australia, Asia and Europe. In Vienna, around 50,000 people came to the Black Lives Matter Vienna demonstration against racism and police violence on June 4, and another 9,000 came to a protest in front of the US embassy the following day. According to the police, around 15,000 people demonstrated against racism in Berlin and up to 25,000 in Munich on June 6, 2020. A large demonstration took place in London on June 7th after protests in various cities in the United Kingdom. In Bristol , demonstrators toppled the bronze statue of the politician and slave trader Edward Colston (1636-1721) from the pedestal and pushed it into the harbor basin. In Antwerp , the city administration ordered the removal of a statue of King Leopold II (1835–1909), who was responsible for the cruel Belgian rule in the Congo Free State , on June 9th .

2016 presidential election

In the summer of 2015, Black Lives Matter began calling on politicians such as the 2016 presidential election candidates to take a stand on BLM matters.

influence

Bernie Sanders and Black Lives Matter activists in Westlake Park in Seattle

In August 2015, the Democratic National Committee approved a resolution to support Black Lives Matter. In the first democratic debate, the presidential candidates were asked, “whether black lives matter or all lives matter” (“whether black lives matter or whether all lives matter”). Bernie Sanders replied, "black lives matter." Martin O'Malley said, "Black lives matter" and, "that the movement is making is a very, very legitimate and serious point, and that is that as a nation we have undervalued the lives of black lives, people of color. " ("That the movement is making a very, very legitimate and important argument, namely that we as a nation have undervalued the lives of blacks.") Jim Webb, on the other hand, replied: "as the president of the United States, every life in this country matters." ("As President of the United States, every life counts in this country.")

Hillary Clinton was not asked the same question, but instead: "What would you do for African Americans in this country that President Obama couldn't?" ("What would you do for African Americans in this country that President Obama couldn't do?") In response, Clinton pushed for criminal justice reform, saying, "We need a new New Deal for communities of color." (“We need a new deal for the black communities.”) Clinton had already met with representatives from Black Lives Matter in August 2015 and expressed skepticism about the practicality of the movement.

Most of the Republican candidates have been critical of Black Lives Matter. In August 2015, Ben Carson , the only African American candidate for president, called the movement "silly". Carson also said that BLM should take care of all black lives, not just some. In the first Republican presidential debate, held in Cleveland, only one question related to Black Lives Matter. When asked, Scott Walker did not recognize Black Lives Matter and recommended adequate training for law enforcement officers. Scott Walker accused the movement of fueling an anti-police sentiment, while Marco Rubio was the first candidate to publicly sympathize with the movement's position.

Some conservative critics called the movement a "hate group". New Jersey governor candidate Chris Christie criticized President Obama for supporting the BLM, saying the movement is calling for the murder of police officers, condemned by the NAACP and ACLU associations in New Jersey.

Black Lives Matter activists urged the Democratic National Committee and Republican National Committee to hold a presidential candidate debate focusing on racial inequality. However, both parties refused to change the schedule of the debates; instead they support the organization of discussion forums and question and answer sessions.

Protests

Black Lives Matter for Black Friday 2014 in Times Square

At the Netroots Nation conference in July 2015, Black Lives Matter co-founder Patrisse Cullors led a protest shouting "Burn everything down!" And speeches by Martin O'Malley and Bernie Sanders were interrupted. Later during the event, protesters shouted and booed Martin O'Malley for saying, “Black lives matter. White lives matter. All lives matter. ”, (“ Black lives count. White lives count. All lives count. ”). O'Malley later apologized for his remarks, stating that he had not meant to be disrespectful to the black community.

On August 8, 2015, a speech by Democratic presidential candidate and civil rights activist Bernie Sanders was interrupted by a group from Black Lives Matter Seattle, including local charter co-founder Marissa Johnson , who took the stage, took the microphone away from him, and his supporters racists and White Called supremacists . Sanders then created a discussion platform. Nikki Stephens, who runs a Facebook page entitled Black Lives Matter: Seattle , posted an apology to Bernie Sanders supporters stating that these actions do not represent their understanding of Black Lives Matter. As a result, she received messages from members of the Seattle local chapter, describing her as threatening, and was forced to change the group's name to "Black in Seattle".

In August, activists among “Black Lives Matter” chants interrupted the rally of Republican presidential candidate Jeb Bush in Las Vegas. When Bush left the event prematurely, some of his supporters began to respond to the demonstrators by shouting “White lives matter” and “All lives matter”. In October, Hillary Clinton's speech in Atlanta on criminal justice reform and racial issues was interrupted by BLM activists.

In November, a BLM protester was assaulted at a Trump rally in Birmingham, Alabama . In response, Trump said, "maybe he should have been roughed up because it was absolutely disgusting what he was doing". "Maybe he had to be mixed up because what he was doing was absolutely disgusting." Trump had previously threatened to fight all Black Lives Matter protesters if they tried to speak at one of his events.

Criticism and controversy

African American

African-American critics of the movement include neurosurgeon and Republican presidential candidate Ben Carson , Rev. Johnathan Gentry of the West Angeles Church of God in Christ, and author and minister Barbara Ann Reynolds. Carson cited the predominant violent crime within the black community, which he attributed to the higher proportion of poor, welfare recipients and single parents. Deroy Murdock questioned the number of blacks killed by police, which is reported by BLM. He wrote, “But the notion that America's cops simply are gunning down innocent black people is one of today's biggest and deadliest lies” ( German “but the notion that America's cops simply shoot innocent black people down is one of the biggest and deadliest lies today. "). Some black civil rights leaders have criticized BLM's tactics. The economy -Professor Glenn Loury warned of a focus on cases of white police violence against blacks, as their only invite the other side to lead the violence statistics: In this black are significantly over-represented. It makes more sense to fight for fairer social structures in favor of all skin colors. As an example he cited, among other things, an improvement in early childhood education .

"All Lives Matter"

Some responded to the Black Lives Matter movement by holding against the fact that the phrase "All Lives Matter" ( German "include all life.") Would be a more suitable name. Tim Scott defended the use of the phrase "All Lives Matter". Macklemore & Ryan Lewis criticized this formulation in their song “White Privilege II” by sampling a BLM activist who argued with a metaphor: “if there's a subdivision and a house is on fire… the fire department wouldn't show up and put water on all the houses because all houses matter, they would show up and turn on their water on the house that was burning because that's the house that needs help the most ”( German “ if a house is burning in a housing estate, would die The fire brigade does not put out all the houses with water because all the houses count. They would direct their fire water on the house that is on fire, because that is the house that needs the help the most. ").

This was part of the response from activists and personalities who questioned the phrase "All Lives Matter". On Real Time with Bill Maher, for example, Bill Maher expressed his support for the phrase "Black Lives Matter" by stating that "All Lives Matter" "implies that all lives are equally at risk, and they're not" ( German "'All Lives Matter' implies that all lives are equally threatened and they are not."). The founders responded to criticism of the movement's exclusivity by stating “#BlackLivesMatter doesn't mean your life isn't important - it means that Black lives, which are seen without value within White supremacy , are important to your liberation” ( German "#BlackLivesMatter doesn't mean that your life doesn't count - it says that black lives, which are viewed as worthless within the white supremacy , are important for your liberation"). In a video interview with Laura Flanders Garza argued that "changing Black Lives Matter to All Lives Matter is a demonstration of how we do not Actually understand structural racism in this country" ( German "Black Lives Matter is to change to All Lives Matter one Proof that we do not understand the structural racism in this country. ”). She also stated that other lives are valued more than black lives, which she feels is very wrong, and that removing "being black" from this discussion is inappropriate.

The movement challenges the "generalizing politics" expressed in the idea of ​​a "post-racial America". According to the scientist David Theo Goldberg, the phrase “All Lives Matter” expresses an attitude of “racial dismissal, ignoring, and denial” ( German “a rejection, ignoring and denial of the racial problem”).

The then President of the United States, Barack Obama , commented in 2015 on the “Black Lives Matter” versus “All Lives Matter” debate: “I think that the reason that the organizers used the phrase Black Lives Matter was not because they were suggesting that no one else's lives matter… rather what they were suggesting was there is a specific problem that is happening in the African American community that's not happening in other communities. " ( German "I believe the reason the organizers used the phrase" Black Lives Matter "was not because they believe that the lives of others don't matter, ... rather that they indicate that it is in the African American community there is a specific problem that does not exist in other communities ”). He also said, “that is a legitimate issue that we've got to address” ( German: “That's a legitimate issue that we have to deal with.”).

police

Based on Black Lives Matter, police officers launched the hashtag #BlueLivesMatter . Some critics also accused Black Lives Matter of “anti-white and anti-police radicalism” ( German “anti-white and anti-police radicalism”). Demonstrators using a BLM banner were filmed chanting “Pigs in a blanket, fry 'em like bacon” ( German for “Sausages in a dressing gown, roast them like bacon”) at the Minnesota State Fair . Law enforcement groups said this chorus extolled police deaths. The organizers of the demonstration contradicted this interpretation. The Blue Lives Matter movement has been criticized by outsiders because it equates professional identity with skin color and because there is no history of systemic police hostility in the US. A study by the online magazine Snopes showed that a large number of Facebook pages that published pro-Blue Lives Matter content were operated by a Kosovar network and were possibly part of a larger disinformation campaign.

Many law enforcement officials have been critical of BLM. Milwaukee County Sheriff David A. Clarke, Jr. criticized Black Lives Matter on the basis that there was no problem with police brutality in America and that “there is no racism in the hearts of police officers” ( German “es keine Rassismus im Hearts of police officers there ”). A North Carolina police chief resigned after calling BLM a terrorist group. A police officer in Oregon was removed from patrol duty after being in the social media event BLM had expressed in terms of a planned, he would have to "babysit thesis fools" ( German "those idiots babysit").

The Ferguson Effect

Some reporters and law enforcement officers have alleged that BLM makes it difficult for the police to carry out their duties, leading to an increase in crime. Rapporteurs spoke of the Ferguson effect in this context. The FBI director James Comey suggested, for example, that the motion in part, lead to a nationwide increase in the crime rate because police were withdrawing from pursuing their profession. Others questioned the validity of the "Ferguson Effect", suggesting that there had been even greater spikes in crime before the Ferguson incident. Otherwise, the assumption of a direct causality between the protests and an increase in crime could be largely rejected. Experts pointed out that the effect could also be interpreted positively, namely as a sign that the police are reacting to the criticism and are using their resources more specifically.

White groups

In response to Black Lives Matter, Facebook pages with the slogan "White Lives Matter" claiming to represent "white student associations" have been linked to universities in the United States. However, many of the groups have not been verified as legitimate student associations registered within their respective universities. According to the ADL, the slogan “White Lives Matter” is now considered to be a sign of recognition for supporters of a white supremacy ideology.

Representation in the media

  • Black Lives Matter appeared in an episode of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit .
  • The American television series Scandal portrayed Black Lives Matter in its March 5, 2015 episode in which an unarmed black teenager was shot and killed by a police officer.
  • The documentary short film Bars4Justice contained a brief appearance by various activists and musicians associated with the Black Lives Matter movement. The film was part of the official selection of the 24th annual Pan African Film Festival .
  • Macklemore & Ryan Lewis rapped and sampelten protest chants in their single "White Privilege II", including the eponymous chanting "black lives matter" and "it's not about you!" ( German "is not about you!") And " no justice, no peace "( German " no justice, no peace ").
  • The motto “This is not a moment, but a movement.” Of the Black Lives Matter movement is referred to in the musical Hamilton in the song “My Shot” (“This is not a moment, it's the movement”).
  • In 2016, an Italian restaurant in New Mexico caused a stir with a pun on its building facade. On it was the advertising slogan “Black Olives Matter. Try our tapenade ”(“ Count black olives . Try our tapenade . ”). After the restaurant received numerous complaints, the advertisement was removed.

literature

  • Bijan Stephen: Social Media Helps Black Lives Matter Fight the Power . In: Wired . November 2015.
  • Nicole Hirschfelder: "#BlackLivesMatter: Protest and Resistance Today". In: Michael Butter , Astrid Franke and Horst Tonn (eds.): From Selma to Ferguson: Race and Racism in the USA . Transcript, Bielefeld 2016, ISBN 978-3-8376-3503-4 . Pp. 231-260.
  • Luvena Kopp: "The Michael Brown Case: (Symbolic) Police Violence and Collective Fantasy" In: Michael Butter, Astrid Franke and Horst Tonn (Eds.): From Selma to Ferguson: Race and Racism in the USA. Transcript, Bielefeld 2016, ISBN 978-3-8376-3503-4 . Pp. 261-286.
  • Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor: From #BlackLivesMatter to Black Liberation . Unrast Verlag, Münster 2017, ISBN 978-3-89771-061-0

Web links

Commons : Black Lives Matter  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Elizabeth Day: #BlackLivesMatter: the birth of a new civil rights movement . In: the Guardian . Retrieved November 19, 2015.
  2. ^ Black Lives Matter: How the events in Ferguson sparked a movement in America . In: cbsnews.com . August 7, 2015. Retrieved November 19, 2015.
  3. ↑ Who Really Runs #BlackLivesMatter? . In: The Daily Beast . Retrieved November 19, 2015.
  4. ↑ a b Meet the woman who coined #BlackLivesMatter . In: USA Today , March 4, 2015. 
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