Hurricane Gustav

Coordinates: 28°8′N 90°1′W / 28.133°N 90.017°W / 28.133; -90.017
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28°8′N 90°1′W / 28.133°N 90.017°W / 28.133; -90.017

This article is about the Atlantic hurricane of 2008. For other storms of the same name, see Hurricane Gustav (disambiguation).
Hurricane Gustav
Current storm status
Category 2 hurricane (1-min mean)
File:Gustav.A2008244.1645.1km.jpg
Satellite image
Forecast map
As of:8:00 a.m. CDT (1300 UTC) September 1
Location:28.9°N 90.4°W ± 15 nm
About 80 mi (125 km) SSW of New Orleans
About 130 mi (210 km) SE of Lafayette
About 20 mi (35 km) SW of Port Fourchon
Sustained winds:95 knots | 110 mph | 175 km/h (1-min mean)
gusting to 115 knots | 130 mph | 215 km/h
Pressure:957 mbar (hPa) | 28.26 inHg
Movement:NW at 14 kt | 16 mph | 26 km/h
See more detailed information.

Hurricane Gustav is the seventh tropical cyclone, third hurricane and second major hurricane of the 2008 Atlantic hurricane season. It formed on the morning of August 25, about 260 miles (420 km) southeast of Port-au-Prince, Haiti, and rapidly strengthened into a tropical storm that afternoon and into a hurricane early on August 26. Later that day it made landfall near the Haitian town of Jacmel. As of August 31, 88 deaths have been attributed to Gustav in the Caribbean.[1][2]

The eye of Gustav entered into Greater New Orleans around 5 a.m. CDT on September 1, with the eyewall rain bands first crossing east of Grand Isle, Louisiana.[3]

According to the National Hurricane Center, it is currently a Category 2 hurricane, with the technical landfall of the entire hurricane eye expected on the Louisiana coast around midday September 1 (local time).[4][5]

Storm history

Track of Hurricane Gustav through 1800 UTC August 31

At 1500 UTC on August 25, 2008, a tropical wave that had previously produced rain and squalls in the Lesser Antilles developed well-defined curved bands and briefly exhibited an upper-level eye feature. The National Hurricane Center designated it Tropical Depression Seven and dispatched a hurricane hunter aircraft to investigate the system.[6] At the time, the system had a well-defined outflow in all but the southeast and southwest quadrant,[6][7] and data from the hurricane-hunter aircraft confirmed that the tropical depression had strengthened into a tropical storm, which was soon designated Tropical Storm Gustav.[8] A brief period of disorganization[9] proved to be temporary as a well-defined eyewall formed that same night.[10] In the early hours of August 26, as the storm approached Haiti's southwestern peninsula,[11] another hurricane hunter aircraft confirmed what forecasters already suspected—that Gustav had strengthened into a hurricane with winds topping 90 mph (150 km/h).[12] Before reaching Haiti, its satellite presentation continued to intensify, a central dense overcast became more prominent,[13] and the minimum central pressure fell.[14]

Hurricane Gustav regained a pronounced eye as it made landfall on Haiti,[15] near the town of Jacmel.[16] As the hurricane moved over Haiti's mountainous terrain its circulation was disrupted[15] and it lost a little strength.[17] Although downgraded to a tropical storm, it still had a pronounced eye in its mid- and upper-level structures. Its outflow improved throughout the night of August 26,[18] and the system was not very disrupted when it moved back over water into the Gulf of Gonâve.[19] However, the storm's movement slowed, and continued interaction with nearby Haiti, combined with the incursion of mid-level dry air from the northeast, resulted in further weakening during the day on August 27.[20][21] The storm began a west-southwesterly movement that brought it closer to Jamaica. On the morning of August 28 it was found that, overnight, Gustav had either reformed farther to the south or had moved farther to the south than previously thought. The storm was also found to have restrengthened nearly to hurricane status.[22] It then was upgraded to a hurricane again during the late afternoon of August 29. At 11:00 a.m EDT (1500 UTC) on August 30, as Gustav neared the west end of Cuba, it was upgraded to a Category 3 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale,[23] with sustained winds near 125 mph (195 km/h).[23] Gustav continued its rapid deepening trend, and three hours later, it had already reached Category 4 strength. Gustav's maximum sustained winds had reached 150 mph (240 km/h).[24][25]

A National Hurricane Center podcast updating information about Gustav on 2008-08-31 10 p.m. Central Time

On August 30 Gustav made landfall twice on Cuba: first, on Isla de la Juventud and then on the mainland near the community of Los Palacios in Pinar del Río Province.[26] By the early hours of August 31, Gustav entered the Gulf of Mexico with maximum sustained winds of 135 mph and minimum central pressure of 958 millibars.[27] During August 31 the storm moved in a northwest direction slightly losing its strength (despite passing over a shortened Loop Current) with sustained winds at 115 mph.[28]

On September 1 around 5 a.m. CDT, the eye of Hurricane Gustav approached the southeast Louisiana coastal area, with the eyewall rain bands crossing east of Grand Isle, Louisiana.[29]

Preparations

Dominican Republic

Immediately upon the storm's designation as a tropical depression it was expected to strengthen into a tropical storm and strike the island of Hispaniola.[6] Tropical storm warnings were issued from the coast of the Dominican Republic south of Santo Domingo to the Haitian coast south of Port-au-Prince. Furthermore, a tropical storm watch was issued for the Haitian coast, north of Port-au-Prince to the northern border with the Dominican Republic.[30] Hours later, when Gustav was upgraded to a tropical storm, the tropical storm warning was upgraded to a hurricane warning and the tropical storm watch was upgraded to a hurricane watch.[31]

Haiti

In Haiti,[32] the government ordered emergency shelters to prepare.[33] The country, which occupies the western half of the island of Hispaniola, is particularly vulnerable to floods and landslides as rainfall runs off its largely deforested mountains.[32][34] The government issued a red alert[34] and advised the population to take precautions, but few Haitians took heed. Fair weather led many to doubt whether a hurricane was even approaching.[33] American Airlines canceled all of its flights into and out of Port-au-Prince on August 26, stranding travelers hoping to escape the storm.[33]

Jamaica

On August 25, Carnival Cruise Lines diverted one of its ships from Montego Bay, Jamaica, to Mexico in order to avoid the storm.[33] Jamaica's Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management (ODPEM) readied response systems in anticipation of Hurricane Gustav affecting the island.[35]

Cayman Islands

Hazard Management Cayman Islands declared a hurricane watch at 6 p.m. Tuesday evening and upgraded that to a warning on 6 p.m. Thursday evening. Banks and non-essential government services were closed Friday to allow residents to prepare. Extra flights were organised to get tourists off the island and, per usual practice, further visits are banned until the All Clear is given. Stores and gas stations were busy and each district office offered free plywood to protect windows and residents hurried about to secure their business interests and property.

Cuba

60,000 were evacuated overnight on August 29 from Cuba's western coasts. Gustav was projected to impact Cuba on the afternoon of August 30.[36][37] Additional evacuations were ordered on the afternoon of August 30 as Gustav strengthened to a strong Category 4 hurricane, particularly in the low-lying Pinar del Río Province where 190,000 were evacuated.[38]

United States

Louisiana

Building in Uptown New Orleans being boarded up in preparation for possible strike by Gustav, on August 28

On the morning of August 26, with Gustav still over Haiti, Louisiana emergency preparedness officials met several times to discuss predictions that Gustav would reach the state as a major hurricane in three to five days.[39] Several areas of Louisiana planned for evacuations.[40] Several parishes in the New Orleans area announced plans for voluntary evacuations beginning Saturday, August 30: city mayor Ray Nagin said that it was possible thousands of people who need city help could start leaving on Saturday, as the first wave of a full-scale evacuation. Later, he ordered the mandatory evacuation of the whole of New Orleans commencing on the morning of August 31, calling Gustav "the storm of the century ... the mother of all storms."[40][41] On August 31, Nagin also declared a dusk-to-dawn curfew and the cessation of city assistance in evacuations by the afternoon.[42] By that afternoon, 1.9 million people had evacuated southern Louisiana, with 200,000 being residents of New Orleans alone,[43] making it the largest evacuation in the history of Louisiana.[44]

Officials had finalized evacuation plans, which proposed assisted evacuations as early as August 29: Contraflow lane reversal on all major highways, and 700 buses to help move evacuees.[45] For those evacuees in need of shelter, the state government secured tens of thousands of shelter beds.[46] Wary of repeating the mistakes of Hurricane Katrina, authorities chose not to use the Louisiana Superdome and New Orleans Convention Center as emergency shelters.[47]

The following day, Louisiana governor Bobby Jindal declared a state of emergency, activating between 3,000 and 8,000 members of the Louisiana National Guard.[48]

Maj. Gen. Bennett C. Landreneau (center), adjutant general of the Louisiana Army National Guard, speaks to reporters about the Guard's preparation for Gustav in Louisiana on August 28.

Mayor of New Orleans Ray Nagin shortened his appearance at the Democratic National Convention in Denver, Colorado to assist in preparations.[49]

The residents of low-lying Grand Isle, Louisiana were under a voluntary evacuation order beginning August 29. Traditionally, the community is one of the first to vacate when tropical storms threaten.[40] Residents of lower Cameron Parish, Louisiana were also given a voluntary evacuation order on August 29.[50] Mandatory evacuation orders have since been given. In Plaquemines Parish, local officials started a last-ditch effort to save Belle Chasse by constructing a sand levee across Louisiana Highway 23.[51] Approximately eight hours later, the parish government announced the completion of the levee.[52]

The Mississippi River was shut to all ship traffic between the Gulf of Mexico and New Orleans on August 30. Pilots at Lake Charles in west Louisiana, and Sabine Pass in east Texas, also were making plans as of August 30 to halt traffic.[53]

Universities

Tulane University closed on August 29 and will resume normal business operations on September 6, with classes resuming on September 8.[54] The University of New Orleans, Loyola University New Orleans, and Xavier University of Louisiana also canceled classes and will not resume until September 4.[55] The University of Louisiana at Lafayette also canceled classes for September 3.[56] LSU and Baton Rouge Community College have also canceled classes for September 2 and September 3.[57][58]


Local events

One major sporting event was directly affected by the disaster preparations. On August 30, Louisiana State University (LSU) opened its 2008 football season against Appalachian State. The originally scheduled kickoff time of 4 p.m. CDT would have conflicted with the start of contraflow lane reversal, and Interstate 10 is a key evacuation route through Baton Rouge. Accordingly, LSU moved kickoff to 10 a.m. CDT.[59]

The AAA baseball New Orleans Zephyrs cancelled the final three games of their season due to the impending approach of Gustav and evacuation preparations.[60]

The New Orleans Saints of the National Football League (NFL) proceeded with plans to evacuate from New Orleans and headed to Indianapolis, where they will practice at Lucas Oil Stadium.[61] If need be due to Gustav, the New Orleans Saints' 2008 regular season home opener against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers on September 7 could possibly be moved to a neutral site, or the two teams could possibly switch home and away games since they play twice a year in the same division.

Hotel closures related to Gustav had impact on New Orleans' Southern Decadence celebrations, which were scheduled for August 27 through September 1, 2008.[62] All events planned for Southern Decadence for Sunday and Labor Day were canceled following the mandatory evacuation. This is the second time in four years that Southern Decadence was interrupted by a tropical cyclone. The last time it was interrupted was when Hurricane Katrina was about to make landfall.

Texas

FEMA Administrator David Paulison (center) with various United States' federal officials and other response leaders on August 30.

Texas Governor Rick Perry activated 5,000 members of the National Guard on August 29 in response to the possible crisis, in addition to preparations made by other agencies.[63] As of August 29, other preparations in Texas to deal with Gustav and its effects were implemented.[64] Some evacuees were being placed in Northeast Texas, including in Dallas County, Tarrant County and Tyler, Texas[65]

In Harris County, Texas, Judge Ed Emmett has said that the Reliant Astrodome will not be used as a shelter for evacuees if Hurricane Gustav hits New Orleans, because Houston is also vulnerable to Hurricane Gustav; according to Emmett, it would make more sense to evacuate to a more inland area.[66]

The University of North Texas in Denton has also had a large amount of students house friends and family from Louisiana. Voluntary evacuations of Jefferson and Orange Counties started on August 30 with mandatory evacuations in the two counties started on August 31.[67] Also, the Texas Governor has deployed other assets to help handle the oncoming disaster[68].

Mississippi

On August 27, requests and orders began for evacuations along the Mississippi Gulf Coast.[69] All schools in Harrison County's five public school districts were closed until September 2.[70]

Several schools in Pearl River County were also confirmed closed until September 2.

The University of Southern Mississippi will be closed on September 2. Alcorn State University will be closed on September 2nd.

Alabama

Much of the Alabama National Guard was mobilized to assist evacuees from the other states. Governor Bob Riley called for mandatory evacuation of Dauphin Island and Gulf Shores on August 31.[71]

The Mobile Regional Airport closed on August 31, and will remain closed September 1. It is expected to reopen September 2.[72]

The Bankhead Tunnel in Mobile, Alabama closed on August 31.[73]

International response

The Canadian government has sent a C-17 airlifter, with a medical team, from CFB Trenton to assist in the evacuation of New Orleans.[74] The United Kingdom has sent HMS Iron Duke and RFA Wave Ruler to provide emergency assistance and assess the damage caused by Gustav.[75] Anheuser-Busch is providing bottled water to affected residents.[76]

Impact

Deaths by country
Haiti 66 deaths
Dominican Republic 8 deaths
Jamaica 11 deaths
United States 3 deaths

Operationally, Gustav went from a tropical depression to a hurricane in 14 hours, tying Hurricane Humberto's record of 14 hours, although this may be challenged in post-season analysis.[77]

Haiti

Gustav made landfall in Haiti at approximately 1 p.m. EDT on August 26, about 10 miles (16 km) west of the city of Jacmel.[78] While inland, Gustav's rains triggered a landslide in the community of Benet which killed one person.[79] Two more were killed in southwestern Haiti when their house collapsed. Another two deaths were blamed on an explosion inside a house, thought to be possibly related to Hurricane Gustav.[80] The southern town of Jacmel, where the hurricane made landfall, was bisected by floodwaters.[46] In total, 66 deaths have been blamed on the storm in Haiti.[1] Additionally, 22 injured, with some 3, 500 families (or 20,000 people) affected. However, due to limited access to carry out evaluations, this number was likely to rise to up to 25,000–30,000 affected families.[81]

Dominican Republic

In the Dominican Republic, a landslide in a rural area killed eight people.[82] Two persons were injured. Government authorities said that some 6,255 persons were evacuated and more than 1,239 homes were damaged with 12 destroyed. Some 50 communities became isolated due to the flooding.[81]

Jamaica

In Jamaica, 11 deaths have been reported when Gustav swept through the area as a tropical storm. Flash flooding was also reported on the island as a result of Gustav's heavy rains.[83] The banana sector in the parishes of St. Thomas, St. Mary and Portland suffered significant damage.[84] The Hope River Bridge linking the capital Kingston with the eastern reaches of the city including Harbour View and St. Thomas collapsed and the Georgia bridge in Portland was destroyed. Jamaica's government ministry has initially estimated US$41.8 million in damages to the road infrustructure in the country.[85]

Cayman Islands

In the Cayman Islands, Gustav's heavy rains and storm surge flooded the streets of Cayman Brac and Little Cayman, the smaller easternmost "Sister Islands" in the chain.

Two people were knocked down by massive waves as they tried to take pictures of the storm on Little Cayman.

More than 1,100 people spent the night in government shelters in the three islands as high waves and heavy winds battered the chain, the National Emergency Operations Center said in a statement. Most people waited out the storm in private homes or hotels.[86]

Cuba

On Saturday August 30, 2008, Gustav made landfall on mainland Cuba near the community of Los Palacios in Pinar del Río—a region that produces much of the tobacco used to make the nation's famed cigars. In Los Palacios some 7,000 homes were roofless and many with their walls collapsed. The rice and banana farms sustained much damage.[87]

At least 300,000 people were evacuated from Gustav's path as 140 mph (220 km/h) winds toppled telephone poles and fruit trees, shattered windows and tore off the tin roofs of homes.

Cuban authorities declared that Gustav is the worst hurricane to hit the country in 50 years. Authorities called the storm damage the worst since 1956. The 212 mph (341 km/h) wind gusts registered in the city of Paso Real de San Diego were the highest in Cuba's history, according to the provincial newspaper, the Guerrillero. Winds were so strong that the weather station instruments broke. Electricity was cut to a large part of the region as well.[88]

Cuban Civil defense authorities declared there were "many people injured" on Isla de la Juventud, an island of 87,000 people south of the mainland. Nearly all the island's roads were washed out and some regions were heavily flooded. No fatalities have been reported in Cuba, despite the extreme damage.[26]

United States

File:Gustav.A2008244.1645.1km.jpg
Hurricane Gustav in the Gulf of Mexico

Although the storm was still in its formative stages on August 26,[13] fears that Hurricane Gustav might eventually disrupt oil production in the Gulf of Mexico caused oil prices to rise.[89][32][78] On August 27, U.S. oil and natural-gas companies began evacuating personnel from their oil rigs in the Gulf of Mexico amid continued forecasts that Gustav would strengthen and move into the gulf.[90] By August 30, 76.77% of oil production and 37.16% of natural gas production in the Gulf of Mexico had been shut in.[91] By mid-day August 31, 96% of oil production had stopped.[92]

Louisiana

Three people died in the evacuation, all of whom were critical care patients that were evacuating from New Orleans ahead of the storm.[93]

Political implications

Hurricane Gustav is expected to make landfall near New Orleans almost exactly three years after Hurricane Katrina struck the same region. It also arrives in midst of the campaign for the 2008 US Presidential elections and during the week the 2008 Republican National Convention was scheduled to start. The federal and state administrations, as well as the candidates for the 2008 Presidential election are sensitive that Gustav is likely to remind US voters of the "botched response" to the earlier storm.[94]

On August 30, President George W. Bush and Vice President Dick Cheney canceled their planned attendance at the 2008 Republican National Convention.[95] The Republican Party is considering changes to the convention's schedule that range from postponing the start of the convention to canceling part of it altogether.[96] Because of the expected US landfall, governors and some other political leaders from Louisiana and other states are choosing to stay home from the 2008 Republican National Convention.[97]As the hurricane approached the coast, presumptive Republican presidential nominee John McCain cancelled all non-essential opening-day festivities at the convention[98] and said that he might give his acceptance speech via satellite from the affected area.[99]

Democratic presidential nominee Barack Obama and Vice Presidential nominee Joe Biden, monitoring the situation in the Gulf Coast, encouraged New Orleans residents to evacuate.[100] Obama also announced that he would ask his large network of donors and volunteers to contribute money, goods and work to assist victims of the storm according to what was most needed after the storm hits.[101]

Current storm information

Hurricane warning levels
Hurricane warning
Hurricane conditions
expected within 36 hours.
Hurricane watch
Hurricane conditions
possible within 48 hours.
Tropical storm warning
Tropical storm conditions expected within 36 hours.
Tropical storm watch
Tropical storm conditions possible within 48 hours.
Storm surge warning
Life-threatening storm surge possible within 36 hours.
Storm surge watch
Life-threatening storm surge possible within 48 hours.
Extreme wind warning
Winds reaching Category 3 status or higher likely (issued two hours or less before onset of extreme winds).

As of 8:00 a.m. CDT (1300 UTC) September 1, Hurricane Gustav is located within 15 nautical miles of 28.9°N 90.4°W, about 80 mi (125 km) south-southwest of New Orleans, about 130 mi (210 km) southeast of Lafayette and about 20 mi (35 km) southwest of Port Fourchon. Maximum sustained winds are 95 knots (110 mph, 175 km/h), with stronger gusts. Minimum central pressure is 957 mbar (hPa; 28.26 InHg), and the system is moving northwest at 14 kt (16 mph, 26 km/h).[5]

Hurricane force winds extend outward up to 70 mi (110 km) from the center of Gustav, and tropical storm force winds extend outward up to 230 mi (370 km) from the center. It is a Category 2 storm on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale.[5]

Watches and warnings

As of 4 a.m. CDT (0900 UTC) September 1, these watches and warnings are in effect:

Hurricane warning
Tropical storm warning

Forecast

Eastern Louisiana, including the Greater New Orleans area (south of Lake Pontchartrain), with Grand Isle, LA.

Gustav is expected to make landfall as a Category 2 or 3 hurricane on Monday on the northern Gulf Coast, with the center of the cone of uncertainty passing through Louisiana.[102] Severe storm surge flooding of 10 to 14 feet (3.0 to 4.3 m) is possible near and to the east of landfall. Rainfall amounts of up to 12 inches (300 mm) are expected over most of Louisiana, southern and western Mississippi, Arkansas and northeastern Texas, with isolated maximum amounts to 20 inches (500 mm) possible, especially southwest of Lake Pontchartrain. Isolated tornadoes are possible.[103]

Tornado watch #876 has been issued by the Storm Prediction Center for southern Alabama, the extreme western Florida Panhandle, southeastern Louisiana and southern Mississippi.

For latest official information see:

Live information

Live public safety communications feeds from the United States affected areas are streamed from http://wiki.radioreference.com/index.php/Hurricane_Gustav.

Live Public Safety Streams:

WWL TV Live Feed:

See also

Template:Tcportal

References

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  50. ^ "Beaumont Enterprise".
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  56. ^ "UL Lafayette Website".
  57. ^ "LSU Closed Tuesday, Sept. 2". LSU. 2008-08-29. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
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External links

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