Fox News Channel

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Fox News Channel
Station logo
Fox News Channel logo.svg
General information
Reception: Cable , satellite , satellite radio , IPTV
Owner: Fox Corporation
Start of broadcast: October 7, 1996
Legal form: Private law
Program type: Division program (information)
Website: www.foxnews.com
List of TV channels

Fox News Channel (abbreviated FNC , often just called Fox News or Fox ) is an American news channel based in New York . It went on the air on October 7, 1996 and is part of the Fox Corporation media group owned by Australian-American entrepreneur Rupert Murdoch . With up to 3.57 million viewers at prime time , Fox News is the most watched news channel in the United States. The broadcaster itself emphasizes its non-partisanship, but is classified by observers as belonging to the conservative and the republican party spectrum and is seen by critics as a medium of alternative facts .

history

Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation took over the holding company of the film studio 20th Century Fox in 1985 and in the same year announced plans to found a fourth television network alongside the established networks ABC , CBS and NBC . After Rupert Murdoch became an American citizen in 1985 (according to the rules of the American media regulator FCC, this was a requirement for owning television channels in the USA), he acquired six television stations in major American cities from Metromedia . This acquisition formed the basis of the Fox Broadcasting Company . Since this was able to gain a considerable market share in the American television market over the course of time, Murdoch announced in January 1996 that he would found a 24-hour news channel based on the model of CNN . As head of the station he was able to win the former Republican Party advisor and NBC employee Roger Ailes.

After a test phase, the Fox News Channel went on air on October 7, 1996. When it was launched, the station had a range of 10 million households and was initially not available in many large cities, particularly Los Angeles and New York City . To this day, the station is aimed more at a rural audience. The program consisted of news programs during the day and opinion programs such as The Five , The O'Reilly Factor (initially The O'Reilly Report ) and Hannity in the evening . Similar to CNN, the current program was interrupted in the event of current events with the Fox News Alert , but Fox relied more on infotainment than the competition from the start ; Due to the great commercial success of the station, this increasingly rubbed off on the competition and, according to observers, changed the character of American news television in the long term. In order to expand the broadcasting of the station, Murdoch initially offered cable operators $ 11 per customer if they included Fox News in their offerings. There was a legal dispute over the feed of the station into the cable network of New York City, which belonged to the media group Time Warner . This had recently taken over the parent company of competitor CNN and was therefore required to include a second news channel in its cable offer. Time Warner chose not Fox News , but the competitor MSNBC . The legal dispute was finally ended with a settlement that enabled the station to be taken over into the city's cable network.

Fox News later played a vital role in both publicizing and organizing the tea party movement .

Roger Ailes has been CEO of the station for twenty years since it was founded . In July 2016, a scandal broke out when several employees accused station boss Roger Ailes of having sexually molested her; Ailes had to vacate his post a little later under pressure from Rupert Murdoch. Similarly, in April 2017, Bill O'Reilly , one of the stars of the station that Fox News had to part with, after it was revealed that millions had been paid to settle allegations of abuse against the presenter out of court, after numerous key advertisers refused to continue to switch spots in O'Reilly's show, the station also parted ways with him on April 19, 2017.

Send logos

  • First version (1996-2002)

  • 3D version (1996-2002)

  • Current version

Political orientation and criticism

Editor Hannity & Colmes

Politically right orientation and its effect on neutrality

FNC has been advertising since it was founded in 1996 with the slogan Fair and Balanced , which in 2017 was in favor of Most Watched. Most Trusted ("Most viewed. Most trusted .") Was abandoned. We report is one of the slogans . You decide (German: "We report. You decide.") And thus claims to operate neutral reporting. Numerous scholars and critics from competing media and the Democratic Party , on the other hand, see an orientation of the station that is clearly towards the political right and the Republican Party , especially during the Iraq war , but also during the election campaign for the US presidential election in 2008 and even more since the inauguration Barack Obamas . Basically, it can be said that the station, especially beyond the actual news programs, Obama and Bill Clinton were usually very critical, while George W. Bush was overall positive. The broadcaster countered that it was not Fox News who took the side of the right, but that practically the entire rest of the US media landscape was left-leaning and dominated by liberals; only FNC regards "the conservative view with the same respect as the liberal view."

The perception of Fox viewers follows this point of view and contradicts the assessment of most scientists: A 2007 survey by the Rasmussen Report examined the public perception of the political orientation of the major US media, including Fox News . According to this survey, 31% of the audience surveyed said Fox News had a conservative bias, 15% said the station had a left bias, and 36% said Fox News' coverage was neither conservative nor left bias. With this 36%, Fox News achieved the highest number of respondents of all news channels and the major American TV channels ( ABC , CBS , NBC ) who ascribed an unbiased reporting to a station. By comparison, 32% of respondents said CNN reported unbiased news, and only 25% said ABC, CBS and NBC reported unbiased news. However, according to a similar media perception survey conducted in 2009 by the Pew Research Center , 49% of respondents described Fox News as "mostly conservative," 12% as "mostly left," and a further 24% said the broadcaster had neither show conservative and left-wing bias. In comparison, Fox News' main rival networks MSNBC and CNN were rated as "predominantly left" by 36% and 37% of respondents, "largely conservative" by 11%, and "largely conservative" by 27% and 33%, respectively, as neither largely conservative nor left-wing classified.

Fox News Channel is regarded as a prime example of the emergence of decidedly partisan news channels on American television in the 1990s. This development is mostly perceived as detrimental to public discourse , since neither MSNBC nor Fox News viewers are adequately confronted with dissenting opinions, but are encouraged to consider their subjective worldview to be objectively correct.

In the film Outfoxed by film producer Robert Greenwald , the station is faced with one-sided reporting and manipulation. Former Fox News employees reported instructions to portray Republicans positively and Democrats negatively. Fox News denied the allegation. Some of the respondents would never have worked for the station, others would have been fired due to incompetence. The broadcaster offered to publish all internal instructions if the movie's makers would do so in return.

Glenn Beck reported in 2009 that Roger Ailes had poached the "Glenn Beck Show" from the CNN subsidiary HLN on Fox News because the station intended to attack the new government led by Democratic President Obama.

Confrontation with the White House (Obama administration)

In 2009 there was consequently a dispute between the station and the White House. Anita Dunn, then White House communications director, threw Fox News et al. a. a "war against Barack Obama and the White House". The broadcaster rejected the allegations and called the news programs, which were shown primarily between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. EST and between 6 and 8 p.m. EST, as objective; the other programs, on the other hand, are clearly recognizable as “opinion programs”, and their partisanship against the president is therefore legitimate. In January 2010, the Republican was vice presidential candidate of 2008 and former governor of Alaska Sarah Palin a long-term contract as a commentator. The broadcaster financed the expansion of her private living room in Wasilla into a television studio in order to facilitate her new media role. From 2008 to 2015, Mike Huckabee , former Arkansas governor and candidate for the 2008 and 2016 Republican presidential nomination , hosted a weekend show on Fox News. The current Republican governor of Ohio and candidate for the Republican presidential candidacy in 2000 and 2016, John Kasich , had hosted Heartland on Fox News in 2001 . All three politicians naturally took right-wing conservative positions in their contributions.

Especially since the engagement of Glenn Beck and Sarah Palin , the figureheads of the right-wing tea party movement , Fox News served this movement as a kind of house broadcaster with reports on their events, concerns and representatives. The left-liberal "watchdog" organization Media Matters for America , which, according to its own account, is "committed to the observation, analysis and correction of conservative misinformation in the US media", accused the station of deliberately distorting reporting, for example by deliberately taking statements by President Obama and other Democrats out of context and using footage from other events for a contribution about a tea party meeting in order to make this meeting appear larger. Fox News explained the latter by mistake.

On the evening of the 2012 presidential election, however , Fox News was the first broadcaster to predict early and correctly that the crucial state of Ohio would go to Obama, whose re-election was virtually certain. Several moderators, especially Karl Rove , who was invited as a guest commentator , initially refused to accept this prediction. Fox News had repeatedly forecast Obama's defeat before the election.

On February 3, 2015, the broadcaster showed the burning of the Jordanian fighter pilot Muʿādh al-Kasāsba , who had been taken prisoner by IS , in full length of 22 minutes on its website . Fox received harsh international criticism, but the video is currently still available in all countries.

Criticism of mosque construction near Ground Zero

In the summer of 2010, the American public discussed the building of a Muslim community center near Ground Zero in New York. Fox News coverage was marked by particular disapproval. One of the main investors in the community center project is Al-Waleed bin Talal . Fox News reported i.a. a., he finances Islamic terrorism and radical Koran schools. It was not mentioned that Al-Waleed acquired nine percent of the voting shares in Murdochs News Corp. through his Rotana media group . and is therefore the largest shareholder alongside its relatives.

Sexual harassment allegations

In the summer of 2016, there was also a scandal when Gretchen Carlson , who had long been one of the station's most prominent presenters, raised serious allegations against Roger Ailes after her dismissal, whom she sued for sexual harassment. After other employees joined the allegations, Ailes had to resign in July 2016. In the spring of 2017, research by the New York Times revealed that the station had also paid about $ 13 million to settle out of court with several women who had also accused star presenter Bill O'Reilly of sexual assault. Shortly afterwards, the station split from O'Reilly.

Comparison of Denmark with Venezuela

In August 2018, TV presenter Trish Regan commented on an allegedly restricted work attitude in Denmark due to government incentives, which was criticized as " alternative facts " or fake news . According to the NZZ, Denmark's discrediting as socialist was a knee-jerk reaction by Trump supporters to Bernie Sanders' praise for the country . Regan's comparison of Denmark with Venezuela was rejected by the mass media, journalists and academics such as Paul Krugman , and the Danish embassy in the USA published a fact sheet. Regan then corrected the impression given that Denmark was a crisis state like Venezuela, but continued to claim that her statements were correct and that she got her data from the New York Times , the Atlantic and other major media agencies. The New York Times, however, confirmed the data from the economists.

Positions during the Covid-19 crisis

In 2020, the station came under fire for spreading a large amount of false information about the COVID-19 pandemic . Among other things, moderators and guests downplayed the dangers and accused Democrats and other media outlets of exaggerating the dangers in order to harm Donald Trump . According to a survey conducted in mid-March 2020, 79% of Fox News consumers believed the media were exaggerating the dangers associated with the spread of the coronavirus. Another poll in late May 2020 found that 50% of people who did their research primarily through Fox News believed the conspiracy theory that Bill Gates created the virus to vaccinate people and thus microchip them for surveillance implant. As of the end of June 2020, several studies came to the conclusion that the consumers of Fox News were misinformed and deceived by the station in various ways about the pandemic.

Media impact

In November 2011, a study by Fairleigh Dickinson University came to the conclusion that viewers of Fox News are not only significantly less informed than those of other stations, they even know, on average, less about the actual political events of the day than those Americans who have no news at all to see.

A 2007 study by the University of California, Berkeley examined the political influence of the introduction of Fox News into the local TV markets in the US between 1996 and 2000. The study found that the introduction of Fox News increased the voter share the Republican increased in the 2000 presidential election . According to the study, Fox News convinced "3 to 28 percent of its viewers to vote for Republicans, depending on the audience measured".

Development of audience numbers

Worldwide availability of Fox News (2010):
  • Listed countries
  • Reception via satellite television

    • Fox News has been the most watched cable news channel in the United States since January 2002. According to Charles L. Ponce de Leon, the cause of this development was the wave of patriotism that hit large parts of the population after the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 . In the course of the early phases of the Second Iraq War in 2003, Fox News was able to record large increases in audience ratings with its decidedly patriotic and war-advocating coverage and further expand its lead over its main competitors CNN and MSNBC. At the height of the conflict, for example, the audience of Fox News increased by up to 300 percent to an average of 3.3 million viewers a day. However, these numbers fell again in the period that followed.

    Among all cable channels, Fox News was ranked 8th in 2006 and 6th most viewed in 2007. As of 2010, the station's annual profit estimates were $ 700 million, many times higher than those of the other news channels and the news arm of the three major television networks ABC , CBS and NBC .

    On the night of October 22, 2012, Fox News reached its historic audience record with the transmission of the third television duel before the American presidential election in 2012, which was seen by 11.5 million viewers.

    In 2015 the average number of viewers was 1.35 million; The program The O'Reilly Factor reached an average of 3.4 million as the most successful program. Five years later, the flagship program of Fox News was Tucker Carlson Tonight , which was seen by 4.33 million people in the second quarter of 2020, making it the highest ever reached a measured rate in the American news segment.

    On the video platform YouTube , Fox News is ahead of the competing channels CNN and MSNBC and reached around 245 million video views in June 2020.

    program

    The following paragraph is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.
    See talk page.
    Studio D

    The program consists of a. from the following programs:

    • Fox & Friends : Morning show from 6 a.m. to 9 a.m. EST, hosted by Steve Doocy , Ainsley Earhardt and Brian Kilmeade , with a clearly right-wing conservative tendency. It is not a news program in the narrower sense, but a politically based entertainment format . With around one million viewers, it is the US news broadcaster's most successful morning show. According to the market research company Scarborough Research , 54 percent of viewers identify as Republicans or swing voters with a tendency towards the Republican Party. A little less than a quarter of the audience define themselves as Democrats or sympathetic to the Democrats. Another nine percent say they are not affiliated with any party. Republican politicians consider the format an important medium for reaching their own base.
    • America's Newsroom : Morning newscast from 9-11 EST, hosted by Bill Hemmer and Sandra Smith.
    • Happening Now : 11-12 EST news broadcast hosted by Jon Scott and Melissa Francis .
    • Outnumbered : Talk show from 12 noon to 1 p.m. EST, with a clearly right-wing conservative orientation
    • Outnumbered Overtime with Harris Faulkner : News broadcast from 1pm to 2pm EST, hosted by Harris Faulkner.
    • The Daily Briefing with Dana Perino : 2pm to 3pm EST news broadcast hosted by Dana Perino .
    • Your World with Neil Cavuto : Business program from 4 p.m. to 5 p.m. EST, hosted by business liberal Neil Cavuto .
    • The Five (from 2011): Talk show from 5 p.m. to 6 p.m. EST with Jesse Watters, Kimberly Guilfoyle , Greg Gutfeld , Dana Perino (she was the White House press secretary under George W. Bush), and Juan Williams, with Williams being the only Liberal in the Round is, the other four are all in the conservative spectrum.
    • Special Report with Bret Baier : News program from 6 p.m. to 7 p.m. EST with a focus on domestic political issues, moderated by Bret Baier .
    • The Story with Martha MacCallum (from 2017): News broadcast from 7 p.m. to 8 p.m. EST, hosted by Martha MacCallum.
    • Tucker Carlson Tonight (from 2016): Opinion broadcast from 8 p.m. to 9 p.m. EST, hosted by avowed Trump supporter Tucker Carlson . Tucker Carlson often invites and argues with critics of the Trump administration on his show, with Carlson always defending Donald Trump's policies. A regularly recurring topic are reports of criminal immigrants, with Carlson expressly making no distinction between legal and illegal immigrants. Since breaking up with Bill O'Reilly, Carlson has risen to become the most successful Fox presenter.
    • Hannity (from 2009): Opinion show from 9 p.m. to 10 p.m. EST, hosted by right-wing radio host Sean Hannity . The program is characterized by a clearly politically right orientation. Hannity there often defended the policies of George W. Bush and attacked the policies of Barack Obama . Hannity presented himself early on as a staunch supporter of Donald Trump , whom he advised and frequently interviewed. Critics accuse him of frequentlyspreading conspiracy theories .
    • The Ingraham Angle (from 2017): Opinion broadcast from 10 p.m. to 11 p.m. EST, hosted by right-wing radio presenter Laura Ingraham . Ingraham is an avowed Trump supporter and opponent of illegal immigration and free trade agreements.
    • Fox News @ Night (2017 onwards): Newscast from 11pm to 12pm EST hosted by Shannon Bream.

    Former programs:

    • Hannity & Colmes (1996–2009) Opinion show from 9pm to 10pm EST, hosted by Sean Hannity and Alan Colmes , who discussed the top political issues of the day, with Colmes representing the Democratic Party and Hannity the Republican Party. Colmes left the show in late 2008. The broadcast slot wastaken overby Hannity .
    • Hannity's America (2007–2009) Sunday opinion show hosted by Sean Hannity, which was discontinued in favor of Hannity .
    • The Kelly File (until 2017): News broadcast from 9 p.m. to 10 p.m. EST, hosted by Megyn Kelly , with mostly three top topics of the day. Kelly was one of the few presenters at Fox News who openly criticized Donald Trump.
    • The O'Reilly Factor : ( The O'Reilly Report until 1998 ; until 2017) Opinion broadcast from 8 p.m. to 9 p.m. EST, hosted by Bill O'Reilly . This was the most watched talk show on US cable television for a long time. O'Reilly dealt with controversial topics from the public discussion and pointedly pointed to actual or supposed contradictions in statements by (usually democratic) politicians. The political orientation saw itself as conservative , the program, which was seen mainly by senior citizens, wanted to deliberately differentiate itself from the rest of the media, which those responsible for the program perceived as “left-wing liberal” and partisan. When it became known that O'Reilly had been accused of sexual harassment for years, the station broke up with him in April 2017.
    • The Real Story with Gretchen Carlson (until 2016): Opinion broadcast from 2 p.m. to 3 p.m. EST with a right-wing conservative orientation, moderated by Gretchen Carlson . The show was canceled in the summer of 2016; Carlson subsequently sued Roger Ailes for sexual harassment. After Megyn Kelly and other employees had joined the allegations, Ailes resigned on July 21, 2016 as station boss.
    • Glenn Beck (until 2011): Opinion show from 5 p.m. to 6 p.m. EST, hosted by Glenn Beck . Beck, for a long time a figurehead of the American right, criticized the politics of the Obama administration almost exclusively and with great severity in his broadcast and accused the president of a communist, national socialist or Islamist conspiracy (I'm just asking questions!) Against the USA . In early April 2011, Fox News announced that Beck's show was ending. New joint productions have been announced, but have not yet been realized. Glenn Beck's show had lost massive viewers in the weeks before it was canceled.
    • The Fox News Specialists (until 2017): Talk show from 5 p.m. to 6 p.m. EST with Eric Bolling , Katherine Timpf and Eboni Williams with a right-wing conservative orientation.
    • On the Record with Greta Van Susteren (until 2016): Opinion broadcast from 7 p.m. to 8 p.m. EST, moderated by lawyer and former law professor Greta Van Susteren . Van Susteren left Fox News shortly after Roger Ailes left.
    • Shepard Smith Reporting : News broadcast from 3pm to 4pm EST hosted by Shepard Smith . The gay Smith was also out of line with his political stance on Fox News ; He repeatedly attacked the Republican US President Donald Trump sharply. Smith announced at the end of his broadcast on October 12, 2019 that he would be leaving the station.

    Offshoots and holdings

    In 2003 Fox News Radio was founded, which makes the content of the Fox News Channel available to radio stations throughout the US and collaborates with iHeartMedia . Since October 15, 2007, the business broadcaster Fox Business Network has been competing with its counterpart CNBC USA and plans to broadcast its program worldwide.

    Web links

    Commons : Fox News Channel  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

    Individual evidence

    1. ↑ Mark Shanahan: What exactly is Donald Trump gleaning from his favorite news source, Fox News? Boston Globe, July 5, 2020, accessed July 18, 2020 .
    2. ^ Adrian Daub: Fox News: Three Days of Alternative Reality with Hannity, Carlson and Ingraham . In: The time . November 23, 2019, ISSN  0044-2070 ( zeit.de [accessed January 19, 2020]).
    3. ^ Paul La Monica: Inside Rupert's Brain (2009), ISBN 1-59184-243-3 , p. 5.
    4. ↑ JSOnline.com, January 31, 1996: Murdoch taps Ailes for new network Former CNBC chief set to direct 24-hour news channel, take on CNN , accessed February 8, 2010
    5. ↑ News Corporation: FOX News Channel ( Memento of the original from November 23, 2010 on WebCite ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed February 8, 2010 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.newscorp.com
    6. ↑ Multichannel News: Bold grab for subs: Murdoch offers $ 11 to carry Fox News. , accessed February 8, 2010
    7. ↑ K. Wiesner et al .: Stability of democracies: a complex systems perspective . In: European Journal of Physics . tape 40 , 2019, doi : 10.1088 / 1361-6404 / aaeb4d .
    8. ↑ Bill O'Reilly Thrives at Fox News, Even as Harassment Settlements Add Up , The New York Times , April 1, 2017
    9. ↑ Allegation of sexual harassment: Fox News separates from controversial star presenter , Deutschlandfunk , April 20, 2017
    10. ↑ Bill O'Reilly Is Forced Out at Fox News , The New York Times , April 19, 2017
    11. ^ Sara Fischer: Fox ditches 'Fair and Balanced' slogan. In: Axios.com , June 15, 2017 (English).
    12. ↑ Timothy Noah , Slate, May 31, 2005: Fox News admits bias! , accessed February 8, 2010
    13. ^ Democratic Party, September 25, 2006: Dean On President Clinton Standing Up To Right-Wing Propaganda On Fox News Sunday ( September 27, 2006 memento on the Internet Archive ), accessed October 5, 2015.
    14. ^ Australian Associated Press, October 26, 2004: News Corp denies Fox News bias , accessed February 8, 2010
    15. ^ Financial Times, October 6, 2006: Interview transcript: Rupert Murdoch and Roger Ailes , accessed February 8, 2010
    16. ↑ Americans See Liberal Media Bias on TV News - Rasmussen Reports . Rasmussenreports.com. July 13, 2007. Retrieved September 22, 2014.
    17. ^ Fox News Viewed as Most Ideological Network . People-press.org. September 29, 2009. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved on September 22, 2014.
    18. ^ Silvia Knobloch-Westerwick: Selection, perception, and processing of political messages . In: Carsten Reinemann (Ed.): Political Communication . De Gruyter, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-11-023816-7 , p. 508.
    19. ↑ Fox News Channel, July 13, 2004: 'Outfoxed' Attempts to Show FOX News' Bias ( Memento of the original from September 18, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed February 8, 2010 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.foxnews.com
    20. ↑ Los Angeles Times, March 6, 2009: Fox News' Glenn Beck strikes ratings gold by challenging Barack Obama , accessed February 8, 2010
    21. ^ The New York Times, October 11, 2009: Fox's Volley With Obama Intensifying , accessed February 8, 2010
    22. ↑ Mark Leibovich, The New York Times, February 5, 2010: Palin, Visible and Vocal, Is Positioned for Variety of Roles , accessed February 8, 2010
    23. ↑ Neue Zürcher Zeitung -online, attack of billionaires
    24. ↑ About . Meda Matters. Retrieved September 5, 2014.
    25. ↑ Rachel Weiner: The Ten Most Egregious Fox News Distortions , The Huffington Post. October 20, 2009. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved September 5, 2014. 
    26. ^ DCP: Hannity video switch-up is only the tip of Fox News' video-doctoring iceberg . Media Matters for America. November 11, 2009. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved on September 22, 2014.
    27. ↑ Federal Agency for Civic Education: bpb.de - Media Database - International - News Corp. Ltd. In: www.bpb.de. Retrieved November 15, 2016 .
    28. ↑ The epitome of socialist horror , NZZ, August 20, 2018, page 2
    29. ↑ https://www.facebook.com/RickNoackTWP : 'Trish, you're wrong!' Politicians hit back at Fox anchor who lashed out at 'socialist' Denmark. Retrieved on August 16, 2018 .
    30. ^ Denmark in the USA: Facts about Denmark . In: Denmark in the USA . ( um.dk [accessed August 16, 2018]).
    31. ^ Rebecca Shapiro: Danish Government Skewers Fox Business For Bonkers Socialism Segment . In: Huffington Post . August 15, 2018 ( huffingtonpost.com [accessed August 16, 2018]).
    32. ^ Fox Business Took a Shot at Denmark. Denmark Fired Back. ( nytimes.com [accessed August 16, 2018]).
    33. ^ US television station Fox: "Something is rotten in the state of Denmark" . In: THE WORLD . August 15, 2018 ( welt.de [accessed August 16, 2018]).
    34. ↑ Rupert Murdoch, Fox News' Covid-19 misinformation is a danger to public health . In: The Guardian , April 9, 2020. Retrieved May 23, 2020.
    35. ↑ Coronavirus: Half of Fox News viewers think Bill Gates is using pandemic to microchip them, survey suggests . In: The Independent , May 22, 2020. Retrieved May 23, 2020.
    36. ↑ Margaret Sullivan: The data is in: Fox News may have kept millions from taking the coronavirus threat seriously . In: The Washington Post , June 28, 2020. Retrieved June 28, 2020.
    37. ↑ New York Daily News Meena Hartenstein: Fox News viewers less informed than those who don't watch news at all ( Memento of the original from December 31, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / articles.nydailynews.com
    38. ↑ Stefano DellaVigna and Ethan Kaplan (2007), The Fox News Effect: Media Bias and Voting . Quarterly Journal of Economics , August 2007, Vol. 122, No. 3, pages 1187-1234
    39. ^ A b "Where in the World is FOX" FoxNews.com, March 1, 2011
    40. ↑ Bill Carter: Fox News Marks a Decade at No. 1 in Cable News . In: New York Times , January 31, 2012. Retrieved September 8, 2014. 
    41. ^ A b Charles L. Ponce de Leon: That's the Way It Is: A History of Television News in America . University of Chicago Press, Chicago 2015, ISBN 978-0-226-47245-4 , p. 271
    42. ^ War coverage lifts News Corp , BBC . August 26, 2003. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved on September 8, 2014. 
    43. ^ Fox News Channel Leads in 2007 Cable News Ratings . Broadcastingcable.com. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved September 8, 2014.
    44. ^ Final Debate Breaks Fox News Ratings Record With 11.5 Million, Topping Cable Competition
    45. ↑ Dominic Patten: UPDATE: 59.2M Watch Final Presidential Debate; NBC Wins Coverage Battle . Retrieved September 22, 2014.
    46. ↑ Has Fox News Hit Its Ceiling?
    47. ↑ Tom Jones: And the most-watched cable news show ever is… Poynter, July 1, 2020, accessed on July 11, 2020 (English).
    48. ↑ Joe Concha: Trump dings CNN, 'Morning Joe' ratings as Tucker Carlson sets record. The Hill, July 1, 2020, accessed July 11, 2020 .
    49. ↑ Mark Bergen, Maya Tribbitt: Fox News Got a Big Boost on YouTube From an Algorithm Change. Bloomberg, July 18, 2020, accessed July 10, 2020 .
    50. ↑ Jeremy W. Peters: Enemies and Allies for 'Friends'. In: nytimes.com. June 20, 2012, accessed July 18, 2020 .
    51. ^ Carlos Maza: Why white supremacists love Tucker Carlson. In: Vox . July 21, 2017, accessed on July 11, 2020 .
    52. ↑ Erik Wemple: In his quest to demonize immigrants, Fox News's Tucker Carlson misses a good story. In: The Washington Post . July 20, 2017, accessed on July 11, 2020 .
    53. ^ Erik Wemple: Fox News's Tucker Carlson demagogued a rape case involving immigrants. Then they were cleared. In: The Washington Post . May 8, 2017, accessed on July 11, 2020 .
    54. ↑ Jane Coaston: Watch: Tucker Carlson rails against America's demographic changes. In: Vox . March 21, 2018, accessed on July 11, 2020 .
    55. ↑ Written by: Sean Hannity's History Of Race-Baiting And Promoting Trump's Attacks On Minorities. In: mediamatters.org. September 20, 2016, accessed on July 18, 2020 .
    56. ^ Andrew C. McCarthy: Last's Week's Raids May Be the Least of Cohen's Problems - National Review. In: nationalreview.com. April 17, 2018, accessed on July 18, 2020 .
    57. ^ Andrew C. McCarthy: The Outrageous Outing of Sean Hannity, Cont'd - National Review. In: nationalreview.com. April 19, 2018, accessed July 18, 2020 .
    58. ↑ http://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/2011/04/06/fox-news-announces-new-projects-glenn-beck/ Fox News Announces New TV, Digital Projects With Glenn Beck
    59. ↑ http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2011/0406/Why-is-Glenn-Beck-leaving-his-Fox-News-show/ Why is Glenn Beck leaving his Fox news show?