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Janet Napolitano, 17th and current Governor of Arizona

The Governor of Arizona is the head of the executive branch of Arizona's government and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The governor has a duty to enforce state laws, and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Arizona Legislature, to convene the legislature, and to grant pardons, except in cases of treason and impeachment.^[1]

The state constitution of 1912 provided for the election of a governor every two years, with the term commencing on the first Monday in the January following the election.^[2] The term was increased to four years by a 1968 amendment.^[3]^[4] The constitution originally included no term limit,^[5] but an amendment passed in 1992 allows governors to succeed themselves only once.^[2]

Arizona is one of seven states with no lieutenant governor; instead, in the event of a vacancy in the office of governor, the Arizona secretary of state, if elected, succeeds to the office. If the secretary of state was appointed, rather than elected, the next elected state officer succeeds. If the governor is out of the state or impeached, the next elected officer in the line of succession becomes acting governor until the governor returns or is cleared.^[6]

There have been 21 people who have served as governor, in 25 distinct terms. Arizona has had the most female governors in the United States, with three, and is the only state where a woman has succeeded a woman as governor. The current governor is Janet Napolitano, who took office in 2003.

Governors

File:Johnrirwin.jpg

John N. Irwin, ninth Governor of Arizona Territory, and Governor of Idaho Territory

File:Evan Mecham.jpg

Evan Mecham, 17th Governor of Arizona

Most of the area that became Arizona was originally part of the Mexican territory of Alta California. This land was ceded to the United States by Mexico under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed February 2, 1848, which ended the Mexican-American War. On September 9, 1850, the Mexican Cession was divided into territories and states as part of the Compromise of 1850, creating New Mexico Territory. The Gadsden Purchase of December 30, 1853, transferred a parcel of land from the Mexican state of Sonora to the southwest part of New Mexico Territory, and nearly all of it was in what became the state of Arizona. Arizona Territory was split from New Mexico Territory on February 24, 1863. On January 18, 1867, the northwestern corner of the territory was transferred to the state of Nevada. See the lists of governors of New Mexico, of Sonora, and of Alta California for the periods before Arizona Territory was formed.

Governors of Arizona Territory

Arizona Territory was formed on February 24 1863 from New Mexico Territory, remaining a territory for 49 years.

John A. Gurley was appointed by President of the United States Abraham Lincoln to be the first governor of the territory, but he died on August 19, 1863, before he could arrive in the territory.^[7] John Noble Goodwin was appointed in his place.

#	Name	Took office^{[N 1]}	Left office	Appointed by	Notes
1	John Noble Goodwin	December 29, 1863^[7]^[8]	March 4, 1865	Abraham Lincoln	^{[N 2]}^{[N 3]}
2	Richard Cunningham McCormick	July 9, 1866^[9]	March 4, 1869	Andrew Johnson	^{[N 3]}
3	Anson P.K. Safford	July 9, 1869^[10]	April 5, 1877	Ulysses S. Grant
4	John Philo Hoyt	May 30, 1877^[11]	June 12, 1878	Rutherford B. Hayes
5	John C. Frémont	October 6, 1878^[12]	October 11, 1881^[13]	Rutherford B. Hayes	^{[N 4]}^{[N 5]}
6	Frederick Augustus Tritle	March 8, 1882^[13]^[14]	October 7, 1885^[15]	Chester A. Arthur	^{[N 6]}
7	C. Meyer Zulick	November 2, 1885^[16]	March 28, 1889	Grover Cleveland
8	Lewis Wolfley	April 8, 1889^[17]	August 20, 1890^[18]	Benjamin Harrison	^{[N 7]}
9	John N. Irwin	January 21, 1891^[20]	April 20, 1892^[21]	Benjamin Harrison	^{[N 8]}
10	Nathan Oakes Murphy	May 11, 1892^[23]^[24]	April 5, 1893	Benjamin Harrison
11	L. C. Hughes	April 12, 1893^[25]	April 1, 1896^[26]	Grover Cleveland	^{[N 9]}
12	Benjamin Joseph Franklin	April 18, 1896^[28]	July 29, 1897^[29]	Grover Cleveland
13	Myron H. McCord	July 29, 1897^[30]^[31]	August 1, 1898^[32]	William McKinley	^{[N 10]}
14	Nathan Oakes Murphy	August 1, 1898^[34]^[35]	June 30, 1902^[36]	William McKinley	^{[N 11]}
15	Alexander Oswald Brodie	July 1, 1902^[38]^[39]	February 14, 1905^[40]	Theodore Roosevelt	^{[N 12]}
16	Joseph Henry Kibbey	March 7, 1905^[40]^[41]	May 1, 1909	Theodore Roosevelt
17	Richard Elihu Sloan	May 1, 1909^[42]^[43]	February 14, 1912	William Howard Taft

Confederate Arizona

In Tucson in July 1860, a convention of settlers from the part of New Mexico Territory south of the 34th parallel drafted a constitution for a Territory of Arizona, three years before the United States would create such a territory. They elected a governor, Lewis Owings, and elected a delegate to the U.S. Congress; however, Congress rejected the proposal for the new territory.

On March 16, 1861, soon before the American Civil War broke out, a convention in Mesilla voted to create Arizona Territory, again in the southern half of New Mexico Territory, and to secede from the Union and join the Confederate States of America. Lewis Owings was again elected as provisional territorial governor.

The Confederacy took ownership of the territory on August 1, 1861, when forces led by Lieutenant Colonel John Baylor won decisive control of the territory, and Baylor proclaimed himself permanent governor. Baylor was relieved of his post and commission after Confederate President Jefferson Davis learned of his order to exterminate the Apache, and Owings again took office. The date that Baylor's commission was revoked is unclear, except that it was in late 1862, as it took that long for Baylor's March 20 extermination order to each Davis.^[44] While the Confederacy maintained a government in exile in San Antonio, Texas until 1865, the territory was effectively lost to Union forces in July 1862.

Governors of Arizona

The State of Arizona was admitted to the Union on February 14, 1912. Since then, it has had 21 governors, serving 25 distinct terms; the official numbering seems to only count the first term. All of the repeat governors were in the state's earliest years, when George W. P. Hunt and Thomas Edward Campbell alternated as governor for 17 years, and after a two year gap, Hunt served another term.

Democratic Republican

#	Name	Took office	Left office	Party	Terms^{[N 13]}
1	George W. P. Hunt	February 14, 1912	January 1, 1917	Democratic	2
2	Thomas Edward Campbell	January 1, 1917	December 25, 1917	Republican	½^{[N 14]}
1	George W. P. Hunt	December 25, 1917	January 6, 1919	Democratic	½^{[N 14]}
2	Thomas Edward Campbell	January 6, 1919	January 1, 1923	Republican	2
1	George W. P. Hunt	January 1, 1923	January 7, 1929	Democratic	3
3	John Calhoun Phillips	January 7, 1929	January 5, 1931	Republican	1
1	George W. P. Hunt	January 5, 1931	January 2, 1933	Democratic	1
4	Benjamin Baker Moeur	January 2, 1933	January 4, 1937	Democratic	2
5	Rawghlie Clement Stanford	January 4, 1937	January 2, 1939	Democratic	1
6	Robert Taylor Jones	January 2, 1939	January 6, 1941	Democratic	1
7	Sidney Preston Osborn	January 6, 1941	May 25, 1948	Democratic	3½^{[N 15]}
8	Dan Edward Garvey	May 25, 1948	January 1, 1951	Democratic	1½^{[N 16]}
9	John Howard Pyle	January 1, 1951	January 3, 1955	Republican	2
10	Ernest McFarland	January 3, 1955	January 5, 1959	Democratic	2
11	Paul Fannin	January 5, 1959	January 4, 1965	Republican	3
12	Samuel Pearson Goddard, Jr.	January 4, 1965	January 2, 1967	Democratic	1
13	Jack Richard Williams	January 2, 1967	January 6, 1975	Republican	3^{[N 17]}
14	Raul Hector Castro	January 6, 1975	October 20, 1977	Democratic	⅓^{[N 18]}
15	Wesley Bolin	October 20, 1977	March 4, 1978	Democratic	⅓^{[N 19]}^{[N 15]}
16	Bruce Babbitt	March 4, 1978	January 5, 1987	Democratic	2⅓^{[N 20]}
17	Evan Mecham	January 5, 1987	April 4, 1988	Republican	½^{[N 21]}
18	Rose Perica Mofford	April 4, 1988	March 6, 1991	Democratic	½^{[N 19]}
19	Fife Symington III	March 6, 1991	September 5, 1997	Republican	1½^{[N 22]}^{[N 23]}^{[N 24]}
20	Jane Dee Hull	September 5, 1997	January 6, 2003	Republican	1½^{[N 16]}^{[N 24]}
21	Janet Napolitano	January 6, 2003	incumbent	Democratic	2^{[N 25]}

Notes

^ The date the governor took the oath of office; if appointment and confirmation dates are available, those are supplied as well.
^ John A. Gurley died prior to taking office as first appointed governor; Goodwin, who was Chief Justice of the Arizona Territorial Supreme Court, was appointed in his place.
^ ^a ^b Resigned to take an elected seat as delegate to the U.S. House of Representatives.
^ Goff is unsure when exactly Frémont took the oath of office, only that it was around October 6.
^ Resigned. Frémont spent little time in the territory; and the Secretary of the Territory asked him to resume his duties or resign, and he chose resignation.^[13]
^ Resigned after Grover Cleveland was elected, so that the Democrat could appoint a Democrat as governor.^[15]
^ Resigned due to a disagreement with the federal government on arid land policy.^[19]
^ Resigned to handle family business out-of-state.^[22]
^ Hughes had abolished many territorial offices, and unhappy officials successfully petitioned President Cleveland to remove him.^[27]
^ Resigned to serve in the Spanish-American War.^[33]
^ Asked by President Roosevelt to resign for opposing the Newlands Act of 1902.^[37]
^ Resigned to accept appointment as assistant chief of the records and pension bureau at the Department of War.^[40]
^ The fractional terms of some governors are not to be understood absolutely literally; rather, they are meant to show single terms during which multiple governors served, due to resignations, deaths and the like.
^ ^a ^b Thomas Edward Campbell's narrow election win was overturned by the Arizona Supreme Court on December 22, 1917, which, following a recount, awarded the office to George W.P. Hunt. Campbell vacated the office three days later.
^ ^a ^b Died in office.
^ ^a ^b As state secretary of state, filled unexpired term, and was later elected in their own right.
^ The Constitution was amended in 1968 to increase gubernatorial terms from two to four years; Williams' first two terms were for two years, his third was for four years.
^ Resigned to take post as U.S. Ambassador to Argentina.
^ ^a ^b As state secretary of state, filled unexpired term.
^ As state attorney general, filled unexpired term, since the office of secretary of state was held by an appointee (who, according to the Arizona Constitution, couldn't be in the line of succession) and was later elected in his own right.
^ Impeached and removed from office on charges of obstruction of justice and misuse of government funds.
^ Arizona adopted runoff voting after Evan Mecham won with only 43% of the vote. The 1990 election was very close, and a runoff was held on February 26, 1991, which Symington won, and he was inaugurated on March 6, 1991.^[45]
^ Resigned after being convicted of bank fraud, since state law does not allow felons to hold office; the conviction was later overturned and he was pardoned by President Bill Clinton.
^ ^a ^b Fife Symington resigned on September 5, 1997; Jane Dee Hull did not take the oath of office until September 8, but she was governor for those three days regardless of the delay.^[46]
^ Governor Napolitano's present term expires on January 3, 2011; she is term limited.

Other high offices held

This is a table of congressional seats, other federal offices, and other governorships held by governors.^[47] All representatives and senators mentioned represented Arizona except where noted. * denotes those offices which the governor resigned to take.

Name	Gubernatorial term	Other offices held
John Noble Goodwin^[48]	1863–1866 (territorial)	Territorial Delegate*, U.S. Representative from Maine
Richard Cunningham McCormick^[49]	1866–1868 (territorial)	Territorial Delegate*, U.S. Representative from New York
John Philo Hoyt^[50]	1877–1878 (territorial)	Governor of Idaho Territory* but later declined the post, finding his predecessor was wrongly removed.
John C. Frémont^[51]	1878–1881 (territorial)	U.S. Senator from California, Military Governor of California
John N. Irwin^[52]	1890–1892 (territorial)	Governor of Idaho Territory
Nathan Oakes Murphy^[53]	1892–1893, 1898–1902 (territorial)	Territorial Delegate
Benjamin Joseph Franklin^[29]	1896–1897 (territorial)	U.S. Representative from Missouri
Myron H. McCord^[54]	1897–1898 (territorial)	U.S. Representative from Wisconsin
George W. P. Hunt^[55]	1912–1917, 1917–1919, 1923–1929, 1931–1933	Ambassador to Siam
Ernest McFarland	1955–1959	U.S. Senator (including as majority leader)
Paul Fannin	1959–1965	U.S. Senator
Raul Hector Castro	1975–1977	Ambassador to El Salvador, Ambassador to Bolivia, Ambassador to Argentina*
Bruce Babbitt	1978–1987	U.S. Secretary of the Interior

In addition, the first appointed governor of Arizona Territory who died before taking office, John A. Gurley, was a U.S. Representative from Ohio.^[56] One Confederate governor, John Baylor, served as a Confederate Congressman from Texas.^[57]

Living former governors

As of September 2008^[update], five former governors were alive, the oldest being Raúl Héctor Castro (born (1916-06-12) June 12, 1916 (age 107)). The most recent former governor to die was Evan Mecham (1987–1988), on February 21, 2008.

Name	Gubernatorial term	Date of birth
Raúl Héctor Castro	1975–1977	(1916-06-12) June 12, 1916 (age 107)
Bruce Babbitt	1978–1987	(1938-06-26) June 26, 1938 (age 85)
Rose Perica Mofford	1988–1991	(1922-06-10) June 10, 1922 (age 101)
Fife Symington III	1991–1997	(1945-08-12) August 12, 1945 (age 78)
Jane Dee Hull	1997–2003	(1935-08-08) August 8, 1935 (age 88)

References

General

"Governors of Arizona". National Governors Association. Retrieved 2008-10-11.
Goff, John S. (1978). Arizona Territorial Officials Volume II: The Governors 1863-1912. Cave Creek, Arizona: Black Mountain Press. OCLC 5100411.
McClintock, James H. (1916). Arizona, Prehistoric, Aboriginal, Pioneer, Modern: The Nation's Youngest Commonwealth Within a Land of Ancient Culture. The S.J. Clarke Publishing Co. Retrieved 2008-10-11.
Jeffrey Scott. "Governor Nathan Oakes Murphy of Arizona". Retrieved 2008-10-11.

Constitution

"Constitution of the State of Arizona". Arizona Legislature. 1912. Retrieved 2008-09-23.

Specific

^ AZ Const. art. 5
^ ^a ^b AZ Const. art 5, § 1
^ Ralph E. Hughes v. Douglas K. Martin (Arizona Supreme Court 2002-08-20) ("Nelson involved two allegedly conflicting amendments both approved by voters in the 1968 election, to Article 5 of the Arizona Constitution. ... The other amendment, proposition 104, extended the term of offices of the executive department, including the office of state auditor, from two years to four years."), Text.
^ Berman, David R. (1998). Arizona Politics & Government: The Quest for Autonomy, Democracy, and Development. University of Nebraska Press. p. 112. ISBN 0803261462.
^ AZ Const. art. 5, old § 1
^ AZ Const. art 5, § 6
^ ^a ^b McGinnis, Ralph Y. (1994). Abraham Lincoln and the Western Territories. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 91. ISBN 0830412476. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
^ Goff pp. 26-27
^ Nicolson, John (1974). The Arizona of Joseph Pratt Allyn. University of Arizona Press. p. 39. ISBN 0816503869. Retrieved 2008-10-11. McCormick was appointed April 10 and took the oath of office July 9, 1866.
^ Goff p. 55
^ Goff p. 66
^ Goff pp. 76-77
^ ^a ^b ^c Walker, Dale L. (1997). Rough Rider: Buckey O'Neill of Arizona. University of Nebraska Press. pp. 23–24. ISBN 0803297963.
^ Goff p. 88
^ ^a ^b Wagoner, Jay J. (1970). Arizona Territory, 1863-1912: A Political History. University of Arizona Press. p. 221.
^ Goff pp. 98-99
^ Goff p. 112
^ Walker, Dale L. (1997). Rough Rider: Buckey O'Neill of Arizona. University of Nebraska Press. p. 81. ISBN 0803297963.
^ Wagoner, Jay J. (1970). Arizona Territory, 1863-1912: A Political History. University of Arizona Press. p. 276.
^ Goff pp. 118-119
^ "Arizona". Appletons' Annual Cyclopaedia and Register of Important Events. Vol. New series, Volume 17 (1892 ed.). 1893. p. 16. Retrieved 2008-10-10.
^ Irwin, Lyndon Neil (1991). Darrtown to Fairfield and Beyond: The Descendants of John and Mary Welsh Irwin: A Genealogical History of the Irwin Family Originally from Darrtown, Ohio, 1757 to 1990. Lyndon Neil Irwin. p. 1991.
^ A Biographical Congressional Directory, 1774 to 1903. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office. 1903. p. 711. Retrieved 2008-10-11.
^ Goff p. 129
^ Goff p. 146
^ "Arizona". Appletons' Annual Cyclopaedia and Register of Important Events. Vol. 3rd series, Volume 1 (1896 ed.). 1897. p. 26. Retrieved 2008-10-11.
^ Johnson, Rossiter (1904). The Twentieth Century Biographical Dictionary of Notable Americans. The Biographical Society. Retrieved 2008-10-11. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
^ Goff pp. 154-155
^ ^a ^b "FRANKLIN, Benjamin Joseph". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 2008-10-11.
^ McClintock p.345
^ Goff p. 167
^ Wagoner, Jay J. (1970). Arizona Territory, 1863-1912: A Political History. University of Arizona Press. p. 345. On July 9, 1898, Governor McCord resigned his office, effective August 1...
^ Roth, Mitchel P. (2001). Historical Dictionary of Law Enforcement. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 207. ISBN 0313305609. Retrieved 2008-10-11. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
^ McClintock p.346
^ Goff p. 132
^ "Resignation of Arizona's Governor". The New York Times. New York City: The New York Times Company. April 30, 1902. Retrieved 2008-10-11.
^ Jeffrey Scott. "Governor Nathan Oakes Murphy of Arizona". Retrieved 2008-10-11.
^ Goff p. 178
^ Herner, Charles (1970). The Arizona Rough Riders. University of Arizona Press. p. 221. ISBN 0816502064. Retrieved 2008-10-11.
^ ^a ^b ^c McClintock p.354
^ Goff p. 189
^ McClintock p.359
^ Goff p. 199
^ Perkins, Robert P. "John Robert Baylor: The Life and Times of Arizona's Confederate Governor". Retrieved 2008-10-11.
^ Mullaney, Marie Marmo (1994). Biographical Directory of the Governors of the United States, 1988-1994. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 29. ISBN 0313283125. Retrieved 2008-10-11.
^ Todd S., Purdum (1997-09-04). "Arizona Governor Convicted Of Fraud and Will Step Down". The New York Times. New York City: The New York Times Company. Retrieved 2008-10-11.
^ "Governors of Arizona". National Governors Association. Retrieved 2008-10-11.
^ "GOODWIN, John Noble". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 2008-10-10.
^ "McCORMICK, Richard Cunningham". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 2008-10-10.
^ "Hoyt, John Philo". The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography. Vol. Volume XI. New York City: James T. White & Company. 1901. p. 556. Retrieved 2008-10-11. {{cite encyclopedia}}: |volume= has extra text (help)
^ "FRÉMONT, John Charles". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 2008-10-11.
^ Brosnan, Cornelius James (1918). History of the State of Idaho. Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 217–218. Retrieved 2008-10-11.
^ "MURPHY, Nathan Oakes". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 2008-10-11.
^ "McCORD, Myron Hawley". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 2008-10-11.
^ Goff, John S. (1973). George W. P. Hunt and His Arizona. Socio Technical Publications. p. 121. OCLC 799442.
^ "GURLEY, John Addison". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 2008-10-11.
^ "Baylor, John Robert". The Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 2008-10-11.

External links

[8] The date the governor took the oath of office; if appointment and confirmation dates are available, those are supplied as well.

[10] John A. Gurley died prior to taking office as first appointed governor; Goodwin, who was Chief Justice of the Arizona Territorial Supreme Court, was appointed in his place.

[delegate-11] Resigned to take an elected seat as delegate to the U.S. House of Representatives.

[17] Goff is unsure when exactly Frémont took the oath of office, only that it was around October 6.

[18] Resigned. Frémont spent little time in the territory; and the Secretary of the Territory asked him to resume his duties or resign, and he chose resignation.^[13]

[21] Resigned after Grover Cleveland was elected, so that the Democrat could appoint a Democrat as governor.^[15]

[26] Resigned due to a disagreement with the federal government on arid land policy.^[19]

[30] Resigned to handle family business out-of-state.^[22]

[36] Hughes had abolished many territorial offices, and unhappy officials successfully petitioned President Cleveland to remove him.^[27]

[43] Resigned to serve in the Spanish-American War.^[33]

[48] Asked by President Roosevelt to resign for opposing the Newlands Act of 1902.^[37]

[52] Resigned to accept appointment as assistant chief of the records and pension bureau at the Department of War.^[40]

[57] The fractional terms of some governors are not to be understood absolutely literally; rather, they are meant to show single terms during which multiple governors served, due to resignations, deaths and the like.

[Campbell-58] Thomas Edward Campbell's narrow election win was overturned by the Arizona Supreme Court on December 22, 1917, which, following a recount, awarded the office to George W.P. Hunt. Campbell vacated the office three days later.

[died-59] Died in office.

[sselected-60] As state secretary of state, filled unexpired term, and was later elected in their own right.

[61] The Constitution was amended in 1968 to increase gubernatorial terms from two to four years; Williams' first two terms were for two years, his third was for four years.

[62] Resigned to take post as U.S. Ambassador to Argentina.

[ssfilled-63] As state secretary of state, filled unexpired term.

[64] As state attorney general, filled unexpired term, since the office of secretary of state was held by an appointee (who, according to the Arizona Constitution, couldn't be in the line of succession) and was later elected in his own right.

[65] Impeached and removed from office on charges of obstruction of justice and misuse of government funds.

[67] Arizona adopted runoff voting after Evan Mecham won with only 43% of the vote. The 1990 election was very close, and a runoff was held on February 26, 1991, which Symington won, and he was inaugurated on March 6, 1991.^[45]

[68] Resigned after being convicted of bank fraud, since state law does not allow felons to hold office; the conviction was later overturned and he was pardoned by President Bill Clinton.

[hull-70] Fife Symington resigned on September 5, 1997; Jane Dee Hull did not take the oath of office until September 8, but she was governor for those three days regardless of the delay.^[46]

[71] Governor Napolitano's present term expires on January 3, 2011; she is term limited.

[1] AZ Const. art. 5

[const-art5sec1-2] AZ Const. art 5, § 1

[3] Ralph E. Hughes v. Douglas K. Martin (Arizona Supreme Court 2002-08-20) ("Nelson involved two allegedly conflicting amendments both approved by voters in the 1968 election, to Article 5 of the Arizona Constitution. ... The other amendment, proposition 104, extended the term of offices of the executive department, including the office of state auditor, from two years to four years."), Text.

[4] Berman, David R. (1998). Arizona Politics & Government: The Quest for Autonomy, Democracy, and Development. University of Nebraska Press. p. 112. ISBN 0803261462.

[5] AZ Const. art. 5, old § 1

[6] AZ Const. art 5, § 6

[goodwin-7] McGinnis, Ralph Y. (1994). Abraham Lincoln and the Western Territories. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 91. ISBN 0830412476. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

[9] Goff pp. 26-27

[12] Nicolson, John (1974). The Arizona of Joseph Pratt Allyn. University of Arizona Press. p. 39. ISBN 0816503869. Retrieved 2008-10-11. McCormick was appointed April 10 and took the oath of office July 9, 1866.

[13] Goff p. 55

[14] Goff p. 66

[15] Goff pp. 76-77

[roughrider-16] Walker, Dale L. (1997). Rough Rider: Buckey O'Neill of Arizona. University of Nebraska Press. pp. 23–24. ISBN 0803297963.

[19] Goff p. 88

[tritle-20] Wagoner, Jay J. (1970). Arizona Territory, 1863-1912: A Political History. University of Arizona Press. p. 221.

[22] Goff pp. 98-99

[23] Goff p. 112

[24] Walker, Dale L. (1997). Rough Rider: Buckey O'Neill of Arizona. University of Nebraska Press. p. 81. ISBN 0803297963.

[25] Wagoner, Jay J. (1970). Arizona Territory, 1863-1912: A Political History. University of Arizona Press. p. 276.

[27] Goff pp. 118-119

[appleton-1892-28] "Arizona". Appletons' Annual Cyclopaedia and Register of Important Events. Vol. New series, Volume 17 (1892 ed.). 1893. p. 16. Retrieved 2008-10-10.

[29] Irwin, Lyndon Neil (1991). Darrtown to Fairfield and Beyond: The Descendants of John and Mary Welsh Irwin: A Genealogical History of the Irwin Family Originally from Darrtown, Ohio, 1757 to 1990. Lyndon Neil Irwin. p. 1991.

[bcd-murphy-31] A Biographical Congressional Directory, 1774 to 1903. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office. 1903. p. 711. Retrieved 2008-10-11.

[32] Goff p. 129

[33] Goff p. 146

[appleton-1896-34] "Arizona". Appletons' Annual Cyclopaedia and Register of Important Events. Vol. 3rd series, Volume 1 (1896 ed.). 1897. p. 26. Retrieved 2008-10-11.

[35] Johnson, Rossiter (1904). The Twentieth Century Biographical Dictionary of Notable Americans. The Biographical Society. Retrieved 2008-10-11. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

[37] Goff pp. 154-155

[bioguide-franklin-38] "FRANKLIN, Benjamin Joseph". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 2008-10-11.

[39] McClintock p.345

[40] Goff p. 167

[41] Wagoner, Jay J. (1970). Arizona Territory, 1863-1912: A Political History. University of Arizona Press. p. 345. On July 9, 1898, Governor McCord resigned his office, effective August 1...

[42] Roth, Mitchel P. (2001). Historical Dictionary of Law Enforcement. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 207. ISBN 0313305609. Retrieved 2008-10-11. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

[44] McClintock p.346

[45] Goff p. 132

[46] "Resignation of Arizona's Governor". The New York Times. New York City: The New York Times Company. April 30, 1902. Retrieved 2008-10-11.

[47] Jeffrey Scott. "Governor Nathan Oakes Murphy of Arizona". Retrieved 2008-10-11.

[49] Goff p. 178

[50] Herner, Charles (1970). The Arizona Rough Riders. University of Arizona Press. p. 221. ISBN 0816502064. Retrieved 2008-10-11.

[mcclintock-p354-51] McClintock p.354

[53] Goff p. 189

[54] McClintock p.359

[55] Goff p. 199

[56] Perkins, Robert P. "John Robert Baylor: The Life and Times of Arizona's Confederate Governor". Retrieved 2008-10-11.

[66] Mullaney, Marie Marmo (1994). Biographical Directory of the Governors of the United States, 1988-1994. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 29. ISBN 0313283125. Retrieved 2008-10-11.

[69] Todd S., Purdum (1997-09-04). "Arizona Governor Convicted Of Fraud and Will Step Down". The New York Times. New York City: The New York Times Company. Retrieved 2008-10-11.

[72] "Governors of Arizona". National Governors Association. Retrieved 2008-10-11.

[bioguide-goodwin-73] "GOODWIN, John Noble". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 2008-10-10.

[bioguide-mccormick-74] "McCORMICK, Richard Cunningham". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 2008-10-10.

[75] "Hoyt, John Philo". The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography. Vol. Volume XI. New York City: James T. White & Company. 1901. p. 556. Retrieved 2008-10-11. {{cite encyclopedia}}: |volume= has extra text (help)

[bioguide-fremont-76] "FRÉMONT, John Charles". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 2008-10-11.

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