Šiprage

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Šiprage
Шипраге
Šiprage (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Bosnia and Herzegovina
Entity : Republika Srpska
Municipality : Kotor Varoš
Coordinates : 44 ° 28 '  N , 17 ° 33'  E Coordinates: 44 ° 28 '0 "  N , 17 ° 33' 0"  E
Height : 520  m. i. J.
Residents : 952
Telephone code : +387 (0) 51
Postal code : 78224
Structure and administration
Website :
Others
City Festival : July 27th

Šiprage (Cyrillic: Шипраге) is a place in the municipality of Kotor Varoš in Bosnia and Herzegovina .

Surname

The current name goes back to a family called Šipraga . It is unclear whether their ancestors were part of the autochthonous population or whether they immigrated to the region and acquired lavish properties in the valleys of the Vrbanja River and its tributaries. According to oral records and the cadastral documents, their expansion began from Pougarje (on the slopes of the Vlašić ) in the valley of the Ugar River .

geography

Šiprage is located in the Vrbanja Valley, about 60 km south-east of Banja Luka and 30 km south-east of Kotor Varoš . Šiprage lies in a long valley between several mountain ranges: the Šipraško Brdo in the northeast, the Jasik (769 m) in the south, the Šahinovina and Stražbenica (848 m) in the southeast, the Radohova (950 m) in the west and the Borčići (799 m) ) in the north-west.

Nature and ecology

In the valley of Šiprage and on the surrounding slopes there are arable land, and in the higher areas there are mixed forests characterized by oak , beech , hornbeam , spruce , fir , white and dark pine . The fauna includes bear , wild boar , wolf , fox , hare , deer , badger , marten , squirrel , weasel , hedgehog and others.

Willows, bushes and river basins are covered by associated communities ( biocenosis ) of various vegetation zones . Upstream from Obodnik to Tomina Luka, the Vrbanja is one of the salmon waters. However, grayling and now brown trout are gradually disappearing . The grayling disappeared completely in the 1970s, and many natural and anthropogenic factors threaten trout's survival . Attempts are made to compensate for the depletion of the fish stocks by regular renewal of the fish stocks.

history

Pre-Ottoman period

Plan (18.42 × 14.20 m) Romanesque basilica from the 5th century

A - vestibule (13.9 × 4.09 m)
B - main room (12.38 × 8.30 m)
C - central room (12, 38 × 3.95 m)
D - vestibule
a - window
c - door (width 1.90 m)
d - door (width 1.20 m)
e - walled door
b, h - firings
i - console
k - human skeleton

According to relevant sources, the first people settled in the Vrbanja valley as early as the Neolithic Age. This area was then settled by the Illyrians , and the Celts invaded for the first time in the 4th century BC . The Celts stayed in Bosnia during several invasions. At the end of the Old World, the valleys of Vrbas , Vrbanja and Sana were inhabited by the Illyrian tribe of the Mezei ( Maezaei , Maizaioi, Mazaioi). After nearly a century of indigenous resistance, this valley was conquered by the Romans in the 1st century , who gradually oppressed the Illyrians and assimilated the Mezei. They recruited her into their army , including the navy . For almost a century, the natives and Illyrians resisted the Roman invasion. There are a number of localities from this period that point to Roman buildings: In Šiprage, at the confluence of the Crkvenica in the Vrbanja ("area of ​​Omer-bega Siprage", 1891) the remains of an early Christian basilica (from the 3rd to the 18th centuries) were found 5th century) found. Southern Slavs first settled in the Vrbanja valley in the 7th century. With the settlement of the Slavs in the Balkans , the first South Slavic states - including the first Bosnian - were formed in the 10th century . The travertine - grave stones in Šiprage testify to the old Bosnian ( Bogomil ) settlements from the 12th century. The tombstones were located at the mouth of the Crkvenica and Vrbanja (along the river banks). In the 1950s and 1960s, the tombstones were cut and incorporated into the walls of houses or other buildings (possibly because of the belief that the tombstones had miraculous powers ).

According to the priest Dukljanin, there were parishes in Uskoplje, Pljeva and Luka in Bosnia in the middle of the 12th century. The first written documents about the settlements in the Vrbanja valley date from 1322, 1323 and 1412. In 1322, with the charter of Stjepan II. Kotromanić, the parishes of Danica and Vrbanja with the towns of Ključ and Kotor were given into personal possession by Vukosav Hrvatinić had helped him take power in the conflict with Babonić. Later (in 1404) Hrvoje Vukčić Hrvatinić, who gave himself the title of "Head of Donjih Kraja" (from Vrbas to Sana, later even further) extended this feudal estate, including the Vrbanja Valley. Although the Hungarian kings (especially Ludwig I ) tried to conquer Bosnia, they failed because of their strong resistance.

Finally, in 1411 , King Sigismund I gave Hrvoje Vukčić Hrvatinić , who lived in Kotor, official recognition of Donji Kraji's possessions . At that time, the cities of Kotor and Zvečaj (in Tijesno near Banja Luka ) were of strategic importance for the defense of the Bosnian state.

Ottoman time

In his war campaigns in western Bosnia in 1520, Gazi Husrev Beg advanced rapidly and conquered Kotor (1521), (probably) Zvečaj, Greben, Sokol, Jezero, Vinac , Vrbaški Grad, Livač, Karmatin, Bočac , Udbina , Vrana, Modruč and Požega . Given the speed of the breakthrough, it is believed that Kruševo Brdo and Šiprage fell one day before the battle in Večićko Polje.

It is known that the Ottomans took possession of the Vrbanja Valley and its administrative center, the medieval city of Kotor, in 1519, only 56 years after the fall of Bosnia. Then, led by Gazi Husrev-Beg, they conquered Banja Luka (1521).

Apart from oral tradition, there is very little data about the Ottoman period in the Vrbanja valley. However, it is known that during this period the Vrbanja valley belonged to the Kobaška authority, whose seat was in Kotor before the annexation (Kotorgrad, today's Kotor Varoš ).

Austro-Hungarian era

The Austro-Hungarian government built a forest railway network along the river bed of the Vrbanja and its tributaries in order to intensify the exploitation of the forest and other natural resources. The railway lines came from Kotor Varoš, and in the area of ​​Šiprage they went in several directions. The railway lines went along the Demićka river to Dunića stijene (825 m) and along the Crkvenica to Grič (823 m). Two railway lines went from Kruševa Brdo: along the Vrbanja and Bobovica. The route along the Vrbanja went from Čudnić via Kilavac to Čekrk, and then after transporting the locomotive with the help of a winch (in the gorge between Šepirica and Jasen) to Riječica (1300 m). The branch route along the Bobovica went through the village of Bobovica, then between Palike and Pašnica to Srebreno brdo (direction Meokrnju), i. H. to the mouth of the Krna brook (921 m). Local roads for many villages were later built on the railway lines.

20th century

First World War and the "First Yugoslavia"

The First World War decimated the male population of Šiprage. Most were killed or captured in the war; only a few returned. A good number of them were caught by the Spanish flu . From December 1, 1918 to October 3, 1929, Šiprage was part of the SHS Kingdom and then part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia until 1941 .

Second World War

During World War II, Šiprage was a fortress and refuge for several partisan units , including the 12th Division Hospital (in the Demićka Gorge ). In the area of ​​Šiprage there were a few local partisan units right at the beginning of the war, which were later included in larger formations. Although this place had no main roads, it was bombed several times by the German and Chetnik troops. A deep river gorge on the slopes of Brestovača (between the village of Zlovarići and Dunići, i.e. Dunic rocks) was barely visible to the German air force . It later emerged that the enemy forces did not have precise information about their position. Because of the frequent air raids, the hospital was moved to the surrounding villages and on to Korićani on January 4, 1944 as a precautionary measure. Around 600 wounded and sick were transferred to the villages of Stopan and Loziće, then in Palivuk, čudnic and Kruševo Brdo. The enemy forces broke through the partisan line of defense on January 6, 1944 (at the intersection of the roads for Stopan and Kerle, locality "Raskršće"), and on January 7, they came to the center of Šiprage. After the so-called Sixth enemy offensive in the region, after ten days on January 15, 1944, the hospital returned to Šiprage. The hospital protected the 14th Central Bosnian Brigade before and during the evacuation, preparation of the wounded and the return to Šiprage. Later, the deceased, wounded and other patients were moved from their basic graves in the forest to a partisan cemetery in Šiprage (location: Zagradine).

In the course of the statehood of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( ZAVNOBiH , November 25, 1943 and the second AVNOJ meeting , November 29, 1943), Šiprage belonged to the SR Bosnia and Herzegovina within the framework of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia and later to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia until 1992 . After the Dayton Agreement (1995), Šiprage became part of the Republika Srpska in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Bosnian War

During the Bosnian war (1992-1995) destroyed the army , police and paramilitary forces of the Serbian Republic of the surrounding Bosnian villages, especially those upstream to Krusevo Brdo lay along the Vrbanja, like all Bosnian villages downstream to Banja Luka were . Local people were killed and the majority were expelled.

During the war in Bosnia , one of the 18 Bosniak detention camps in the Kotor Varoš municipality was at the Šiprage Police Station (MUP).

After 1996 most of the Bosnian villages were partially rebuilt thanks to the government of Luxembourg and its soldiers , i. H. the battalion BELUGA (abbreviated from Be lgien - Lu embourg - G reece - Austria ( A ) ), within EUFOR - SFOR . A mosque was also renovated. During the war, an Orthodox church was built in the center of the settlement (on the site of the former "forest house" and the former headquarters of the local administration).

Population numbers

Population development
Šiprage
Year of the census 1991 1981 1971
Bosniaks 745 (78.25%) 711 (60.10%) 422 (51.33%)
Serbs 168 (17.64%) 320 (27.04%) 370 (45.01%)
Croatians 1 (0.10%) 6 (0.50%) 0
Yugoslavs 32 (3.36%) 136 (11.49%) 21 (2.55%)
Others and strangers 6 (0.63%) 10 (0.84%) 9 (1.09%)
total 952 1183 822

Population of Šiprage 1921

Religious affiliation

Census area Muslim Orthodox Roman Catholic " English " total
Prisočka 675 - 8th - 683
Radohovo * 270 42 1 3 316
total 945 42 9 3 999
  • The official name of the census was Radohovo.

native language

Census area Serbian and Croatian Russian total
Prisočka 683 - 683
Radohovo * 314 2 316
total 997 2 999

Census overview

Years 1879 1885 1895 1910 1921 1931 1948 1953 1961 1971 1981 1991 2013
population 64 (1,312 ♦) 277 (1,575 ♦) 88 (1,426 ♦) 159 (760 ♦) 999 5,098 * 1,774 7,764 * 828 822 1,183 952 788

  • 1931. i 1953 .: Šiprage parish

♦ The Šiprage area

See also

credentials

  1. ↑ Radimsky V. (1892): Ostanci rimskih naseobina u i Šipragi Podbrgju, za tim starobosanski Stecci u Šipragi i uz Vrbanju u Bosni. Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja u Sarajevu, Godina IV, Knjiga I: 75-80.
  2. ↑ www.kartabih.com
  3. ↑ Vojnogeografski institute, Ed. (1955): Šiprage (List map 1: 25,000, Izohipse na 10 m). Vojnogeografski institut, Beograd.
  4. ↑ Spahić M. et al. (2000): Bosna i Hercegovina (1: 250,000). Izdavačko preduzeće "Sejtarija", Sarajevo.
  5. ↑ Mučibabić B. Ed .: Geographic location atlas of Bosnia and Herzegovina . Geodetski zavod BiH, Sarajevo 1988, ISBN 9958-766-00-0 .
  6. ↑ a b Radimsky V. (1892): Ostanci rimskih naseobina Šipragi u i Podbrgju, za tim starobosanski Stecci Šipragi u i u uz Vrbanju Bosni. Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja u Sarajevu, Godina IV, Knjiga I: 75-80.
  7. ↑ Malcolm N .: Bosnia: A Short History . New, Updating Edition, New York University Press 1996, ISBN 0-8147-5561-5 .
  8. ↑ Mesinović S .: Rimsky vuk i Ilirska zmija - Posljednja borba . Ed .: Filozofski facultet. Sarajevo 2011, ISBN 978-9958-625-21-3 , pp. 2-33 .
  9. ↑ Abdic K .: Ilirski narodi sjeverozapadne of Bosnia and Herzegovina . Ed .: Filozofski facultet. Sarajevo 2014, p. 56-63 .
  10. ^ Klaić N. (1994): Srednjevjekovna Bosna - Politički položaj bosanskih vladara do Tvrtkove krunidbe. Eminex, Zagreb, ISBN 953-6112-05-1 .
  11. ^ Judge E. (1905): II. Historička i politička geografija. Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja u Sarajevu, Godina XVI, Knjiga 1: 275–321.
  12. ^ Gutman R. (1993): A witness to genocide: The 1993 Pulitzer Prize-Winning Dispatches on the "Ethnic Cleansing" of Bosnia. Macmillan Publishing Company, Inc., New York, ISBN 978-0-02-032995-4 .
  13. ↑ Beč J. (1997): Pucanje duše. Samizdat B92, Beograd, ISBN 86-7208-010-6 .
  14. ↑ Ivica Grgic: Lijepa Naša Domovina Hrvatska - Kotor Varos - bogr001 . In: lijepanasadomovinahrvatska.com . Archived from the original on December 26, 2015. Retrieved November 6, 2015.
  15. ↑ Lijepa Naša Domovina Hrvatska - Kotor Varoš - kv018 . In: lijepanasadomovinahrvatska.com . Archived from the original on December 26, 2015. Retrieved November 6, 2015.
  16. ↑ Fena, Agencija (2013): Obilježavanje 21. godišnjice stradanja Bošnjaka u Kotor-Varoši - Još se traži 277 osoba. Avaz, November 3, 2013.
  17. ↑ SRPSKO-CRNOGORSKI-HRVATSKI KONCENTRACIONI LOGORI - GENOCIDNE TVORNICE SMRTI - Bosnjaci.Net . Retrieved June 1, 2017.
  18. ↑ EUFOR ALTHEA . In: EUFOR ALTHEA . Retrieved November 6, 2015.
  19. ↑ 1998/03/07 10:51 “BOSNA COMPANI”, PONOVO . In: aimpress.ch . March 7, 1998. Retrieved November 6, 2015.
  20. ^ Stabilization Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina - SFOR - Homepage . In: nato.int . Archived from the original on April 24, 2009. Retrieved November 6, 2015.
  21. ↑ EU - BIH - Current Missions - Overseas - Defense Forces . In: military.ie . Retrieved November 6, 2015.
  22. ↑ BOSNIA - HERZEGOVINA (IFOR-SFOR) (14 December 1995 - 4 December 2004) ( Memento of December 23, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  23. ^ Stabilization Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina - SFOR MISSION . In: nato.int . Retrieved November 6, 2015.
  24. ^ CCRP - Command and Control Research Program . In: dodccrp.org . Retrieved November 6, 2015.
  25. ↑ Nacionalni sastav stanovništva - Rezultati za Republiku po opštinama i naseljenim mjestima 1991. Statistički bilten br. 234, Izdanje Državnog zavoda za statistiku Republike Bosne i Hercegovine, Sarajevo.
  26. ↑ Popis po mjesnim zajednicama ( Memento of October 5, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) In: fzs.ba (PDF).
  27. ↑ a b Opšta državna statistika Kraljevine Jugoslavije (ed.): Definitivni rezultati popisa stanovništva od 31 januara 1921. godine . Državna štamparija, Sarajevo 1932.
  28. ↑ Štatistički zabod Zemaljske vlade BiH (ed.): Štatistika miesta i pučanstva Bosne i Hercegovine - Službeno izdanje . Zemaljska vlada Bosne i Hercegovine, Sarajevo 1880.
  29. ↑ Popis 1953 - G19534001.pdf In: stat.gov.rs , accessed on September 13, 2017 (PDF; 441 kB)

Web links

Commons : Šiprage  - collection of images, videos and audio files