Ajania

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Ajania
Ajania shiwogiku

Ajania shiwogiku

Systematics
Euasterids II
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Asteroideae
Tribe : Anthemideae
Genre : Ajania
Scientific name
Ajania
Polyakov

Ajania is a genus within the family of the daisy family (Asteraceae). The only 29 species left since 2017 are mainly distributed in temperate Asia .

description

Vegetative characteristics

Ajania species are perennial herbaceous plants or small subshrubs .

The alternately arranged leaves are more or less long stalked or sessile. The leaf blades are pinnate, hand-shaped, serrate or rarely with entire margins.

Generative characteristics

The basket-shaped inflorescences are rarely individually, or they are on flat-ended, zymösen total inflorescences together.

In the cylindrical or rarely bell-shaped involucre , the bracts are arranged in four or five rows. The membranous bracts have a white or brown edge. The bottom of the basket is convex to conical. Chaff leaves are missing.

The disc-shaped flower heads contain ray and tubular flowers. The flowers are usually yellow or rarely purple. Arranged in a row ray florets (= ray florets) are female and fertile. Their five petals are usually fused into a narrow, rarely a little wide tube and the tongue ends in two or three, rarely up to five crown teeth. The many hermaphroditic, fertile tubular flowers (= disc flowers) have a corolla tube that ends with five lobes. The blunt at their base anthers have lance-shaped protrusions at the top. The two branches of the style are linear with trimmed upper ends.

The obovate achenes have four to six ribs or grooves. One pappus is missing.

Systematics and distribution

The generic name Ajania is named after the place Ajan in the Russian region of Khabarovsk in Russia's Far East , this was an important port on the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk .

The genus Ajania was established in 1955 by Petr Petrovich Poljakov in Botanicheskie Materialy Gerbariia Botanicheskogo Instituta imeni VL Komarova Akademii Nauk SSSR , 17, page 419. A synonym for Ajania Polyakov is Phaeostigma Muldashev .

The genus Ajania belongs to the Untertribus Artemisiinae from the tribe Anthemideae in the subfamily Asteroideae within the family Asteraceae . The genus Ajania is very close to some other genera, particularly the genus Chrysanthemum . Natural as well as artificial crossings of species, even across genus boundaries (as with Chrysanthemum ) repeatedly questioned the delimitation of the genus and its related genera. As early as 2004 it was proposed to combine the genus Ajania with the genera Chrysanthemum , Arctanthemum and Phaeostigma . Molecular genetic studies supported this (with the exception of Phaeostigma ), according to recent studies, some Ajania species form a clade together with the Chrysanthemum , Ophistopappus and Elachanthemum , these species were placed in the genus Chrysanthemum . But the species of the clade that are closest to Artemisia belong to the genus Ajania .

The genus Ajania is mainly found in temperate areas of Asia ( Central Asia , Himalayas , China, Korea, Mongolia, Russia, Japan). In China, all but one species occur, about 19 of them only there.

The genus Ajania contained 34 to 35 species and since 2017 only includes about 29 species:

No longer belonging to the genus Ajania :

In 2017, the six species were separated into the reactivated genus Phaeostigma Muldashev :

  • Ajania purpurea C.Shih → Phaeostigma purpureum (C.Shih) Huang et al. : It thrives on alpine meadows, in thickets and on gravel hills at altitudes of 4800 to 5300 meters in Tibet.
  • Ajania quercifolia (WWSm.) Y.Ling & C.Shih → Phaeostigma quercifolium (W. W.Sm.) Muldashev : It thrives in the undergrowth of forests and thickets at altitudes of 3200 to 3900 meters in the Chinese provinces of Sichuan and Yunnan.
  • Ajania ramosa (CCChang) C.Shih → Phaeostigma ramosum (CCChang) Huang et al. : It thrives on mountain slopes and in river valleys at altitudes of 2900 to 4600 meters in Tibet and in the Chinese provinces of Hubei, Shaanxi and Sichuan.
  • Ajania salicifolia Poljakov → Phaeostigma salicifolium (Mattf.) Muldashev : It thrives on mountain slopes at altitudes of 2600 to 4600 meters in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Qinghai, Shaanxi and Sichuan.
  • Ajania tibetica (Hook. F. & Thomson) Tzvelev → Phaeostigma tibeticum (Hook. F. & Thomson) Huang et al. : It occurs in Kazakhstan, India, Pakistan, Tibet and Sichuan.
  • Ajania variifolia (CCChang) Tzvelev → Phaeostigma variifolium (C. C.Chang) Muldashev : It occurs in Russia, Korea and in the Chinese provinces of Heilongjiang, Hubei and Shaanxi. It is used as a medicinal plant.

swell

literature

  • Yuan Huang, Yi-Ming An, Shi-Yong Meng, Yan-Ping Guo, Guang-Yuan Rao: Taxonomic status and phylogenetic position of Phaeostigma in the subtribe Artemisiinae (Asteraceae). In: Journal of Systematics and Evolution , Volume 55, Issue 5, 2017, pp. 426-436. doi: 10.1111 / jse.12257
  • Jia-Bin Ren, Yan-Ping Guo: Behind the diversity: Ontogenies of radiate, disciform, and discoid capitula of Chrysanthemum and its allies. In: Journal of Systematics and Evolution , Volume 53, Issue 6, 2015, pp. 520-528. doi: 10.1111 / jse.12154

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av Zhu Shi, Christopher J. Humphries, Michael G. Gilbert: Ajania , pp. 669-674 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (ed.): Flora of China. Volume 20-21: Asteraceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2011, ISBN 978-1-935641-07-0 .
  2. ↑ Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 (reprint from 1996).
  3. ↑ a b Ajania at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
  4. ↑ a b c Abdul Ghafoor: Flora of Pakistan 207: Asteraceae (I) - Anthemideae. University of Karachi, Department of Botany, Karachi 2002, p. 90: Ajania at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Pakistan . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  5. ↑ a b c d Hong-Bo Zhao, Fa-Di Chen, Su-Mei Chen, Guo-Sheng Wu, Wei-Ming Guo: Molecular phylogeny of Chrysanthemum, Ajania and its allies (Anthemideae, Asteraceae) as inferred from nuclear ribosomal ITS and chloroplast trnL-F IGS sequences. In: Plant Systematics and Evolution. Volume 284, No. 3-4, 2010, pp. 153-169, DOI: 10.1007 / s00606-009-0242-0
  6. ↑ a b c d HE Zhao, ZH Liu, X. Hu, JL Yin, W. Li, GY Rao, XH Zhang, CL Huang, N. Anderson, QX Zhang, JY Chen: Chrysanthemum genetic resources and related genera of Chrysanthemum collected in China. In: Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution , Volume 56, 2009, pp. 937-946, DOI: 10.1007 / s10722-009-9412-8 .
  7. ↑ J. Pellicer, O. Hildago, S. Garcia, T. Garnatje, AA Korobkov, J. Vallés, J. Martín: Palynological study of Ajania and related genera (Asteraceae, Anthemideae). In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , Volume 161, 2009, pp. 171-189. doi: 10.1111 / j.1095-8339.2009.00998.x
  8. ↑ a b c d e Yuan Huang, Yi-Ming An, Shi-Yong Meng, Yan-Ping Guo, Guang-Yuan Rao: Taxonomic status and phylogenetic position of Phaeostigma in the subtribe Artemisiinae (Asteraceae). In: Journal of Systematics and Evolution , Volume 55, Issue 5, 2017, pp. 426-436. doi: 10.1111 / jse.12257

Web links

Commons : Ajania  - collection of images, videos and audio files