Alexander Michailowitsch Opekuschin

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Alexander Michailowitsch Opekuschin (1908)

Alexander Mikhailovich Opekushin ( Russian Александр Михайлович Опекушин ; born November 16 . Jul / 28. November  1838 greg. In Swetschkino, Ujesd Danilov , † 4. March 1923 in Rybnizy, Rajon Nekrassowskoje ) was a Russian sculptor .

Life

Opekushin the son of was serf farmers of the property lady JW Olchina who regularly in St. Petersburg was and his twelve year old son with the consent of the property lady in the local three-year art school of Imperial society was to promote the arts. It was there that his talent was shown, so that Opekuschin finished school after only two years and was accepted into his sculpture workshop by Professor David Jensen in 1852 . To study at the Imperial Academy of Arts , he had to buy himself out for 500 rubles . In March 1859 he received his charter. He married in 1861.

At the academy, Opekuschin studied with Jensen. In 1862 he received the Small Silver Medal for his bas-relief with the angels announcing the birth of Christ to the shepherds. In the same year Michail Ossipowitsch Mikeschin invited him to work on the monument to 1000 years of Russia in Novgorod . In 1864 the academy awarded him the degree of unclassified artist for his sculpture studies Belisarius and Amor and Psyche . In 1869 he became artist II class and in 1870 artist I class for the bust of Countess Shuvalova and seven colossal figures for Mikeschin's St. Petersburg monument Katharinas II. In 1872 Opekuschin became a real member with a bust of Tsarevich Nicholas Alexander and a statue of Peter the Great accepted into the Academy of Arts. In the same year he received the Great Gold Medal of the Imperial Society of Friends of Natural History , Anthropology and Ethnography for a bust of Peter the Great and a group of sculptures by Russian sailors . At the World Exhibition in Paris in 1878 a bowl from the jewelry factory PN Ovchinnikows with historical scenes based on Opekuschin's model was exhibited. For the All-Russian Industry and Crafts Exhibition in 1882 , Opekuschin created the double sculpture group Volga and Petroleum together with Mikeschin and the architect Dmitri Nikolajewitsch Tschitschagow .

In 1884 Opekuschin designed the royal gate of the iconostasis of the Resurrection Cathedral of the Sergius Monastery on the Sea in Strelna (during the Soviet rule the church was demolished and the whereabouts of the iconostasis is unknown). The largest monument in pre-revolutionary Russia was Opekuschin's monument to Nikolai Nikolajewitsch Muravjow-Amursky in Khabarovsk , which was inaugurated in 1891, a Lenin memorial in 1925 , a memorial to Russian settlers from Siberia in 1983 and a Muravyov-Amursky memorial again in 1992 with a replica of the Opekushin Statue. Opekuschin created a statue of Alexander II for the monument of Alexander II built by Nikolai Wladimirowitsch Sultanow in the Moscow Kremlin from 1893–1898 , which was destroyed after the October Revolution in the spring of 1918 and finally removed in 1928. In Sumy , Opekushin's monument to the entrepreneur and patron Ivan Gerasimowitsch Kharitonenko was erected in 1895, which was destroyed in the 1920s. On behalf of the entrepreneur and Moscow mayor Nikolai Alexandrowitsch Alexejew , Opekuschin created a marble statue of Catherine II, which was erected in front of the Moscow city duma in 1896 and after the October Revolution was saved from destruction by the sculptor Sergei Merkurov by being brought to Armenia and in 2003 in the palace of Tsaritsyno Park was erected. Opekuschin created the monument to Alexander III. next to the Christ the Savior Cathedral in Moscow with the architect Alexander Nikanorowitsch Pomeranzew with the participation of Karl Alexandrowitsch Greinert , Franz Andrejewitsch Kogniwizki and Foma Ossipowitsch Bogdanowitsch-Dworschezki , which was started in 1900, inaugurated in 1912 and destroyed after the October Revolution in 1918. Opekuschin was very encouraged by Alexander III. and Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich . Thanks to the many orders for the Moscow delicatessen store Jelissejew , the Shelaputin Theater, the Moscow Stock Exchange and the State Bank, Opekuschin was able to entertain his large family well.

Opekuschin's best-known monuments are the monument of Admiral Alexei Samuilowitsch Greig (1873 after a model by Mikeschin, destroyed after 1917) in Mykolaiv , the Pushkin monuments in Moscow (1880), St. Petersburg (1884), Chișinău (1885) and in the park the mansion Ostafjewo (1913) in the Moscow County Nowomoskowski , the grave monument of the 1740 executed Artemi Petrovich Volynsky , Pyotr Yeropkin and Andrei Fedorovich Khrushchev (1885 with the architect Mikhail Arefjewitsch Schtschurupow ) at the Samson 's Cathedral in St. Petersburg, a monument to the naturalist Karl Ernst von Baer (1886) in Dorpat , the Lermontow Monument (1889) in Pjatigorsk and the monuments of Alexander II in Częstochowa (1889) and Rybinsk (1914). A seated Catherine II is in the National Art Museum of Azerbaijan and a seated Peter the Great in the Botik Museum on Lake Pleshcheyevo .

The Opekuschin family lived in St. Petersburg from 1875 to 1918. In the autumn of 1919 the sick and impoverished Opekuschin and his daughters were sent to his cousin in the Yaroslavl governorate with the support of Anatoly Wassiljewitsch Lunacharsky at the expense of the state . Pastor Johann put a house at his disposal in Rybnizy and the villagers helped him. He got the food allocation granted him for academics until 1922. 1923 he caught a cold and died without medical treatment at a pneumonia . He was buried in the cemetery of the church in Rybnitsy, where he was baptized. A modest tombstone was only erected in 1972, which was replaced in 2012 by a tombstone made of polished granite with the inscription The great sculptor of the grateful descendants .

The asteroid (5055) discovered in 1986 by Lyudmila Ivanovna Tschernych was named after Opekushin .

Works

  • 1000 years of Russia, Novgorod

  • Monument to Catherine II, St. Petersburg

  • Monument to Alexander II, Moscow Kremlin (not preserved)

  • Monument to Alexander III, Moscow (not preserved)

  • Muravyov Amursky Monument, Khabarovsk

  • Greig Monument, Mykolaiv

  • Pushkin Monument, Moscow

  • Pushkin Monument, St. Petersburg

  • Pushkin Monument, Ostawjewo, Moscow

  • Grave monument of Volynski, Jeropkin and Khrushchev executed in 1740, St. Petersburg

  • Monument to Kar Ernst von Baers, Dorpat

  • Lermontov Monument, Pyatigorsk

  • Catherine II, National Art Museum of Azerbaijan

  • Peter the Great, Botk Museum, Pleshcheyevo Lake

Web links

Commons : Alexander Michailowitsch Opekuschin  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Климаков Юрий: ОПЕКУШИН АЛЕКСАНДР МИХАЙЛОВИЧ (28.11.1838-4.03.1923) СКУЛЬПТОР-МОНАРХИСТ ( Memento of the original March 4, 2018 Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link is automatically inserted and not yet tested. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (accessed on March 3, 2018). @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rusinst.ru
  2. ↑ a b c d Опекушин (Александр Михайлович) . In: Brockhaus-Efron . tape XXII , 1897, p. 6 ( Wikisource [accessed March 3, 2018]).
  3. ↑ О. А. Давыдова: Академик из крепостных: очерк об А.М. Опекушине . Верхне-Волжское книжное издательство, 1991.
  4. ↑ Ольга Давыдова: Академик из крепостных (accessed March 3, 2018).
  5. ↑ ХРОНОС: Опекушин Александр Михайлович (accessed March 3, 2018).
  6. ↑ Памятник Александру II в Кремле (accessed February 28, 2018).
personal data
SURNAME Opekuschin, Alexander Michailowitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Опекушин, Александр Михайлович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian sculptor
DATE OF BIRTH November 28, 1838
PLACE OF BIRTH Swetschkino, Ujesd Danilow
DATE OF DEATH March 4, 1923
Place of death Rybnitsy, Nekrasovskoye district