Schlachtensee

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Schlachtensee
Schlachtensee1.JPG
Schlachtensee
Geographical location Berlin-Zehlendorf ,
Berlin-Wannsee
Data
Coordinates 52 ° 26 '34 "  N , 13 ° 13' 0"  E Coordinates: 52 ° 26 '34 "  N , 13 ° 13' 0"  E
Schlachtensee (Berlin)
Schlachtensee
surface 41.6 ha
volume 1,938,747 m³
scope 5.506 km
Maximum depth 8.91 m
Middle deep 4.66 m
Template: Infobox Lake / Maintenance / EVIDENCE AREA Template: Infobox Lake / Maintenance / EVIDENCE VOLUME Template: Infobox Lake / Maintenance / EVIDENCE SCOPE Template: Infobox Lake / Maintenance / EVIDENCE MAX DEPTH Template: Infobox Lake / Maintenance / EVIDENCE -MED DEPTH

The Schlachtensee is a lake in the southwest of Berlin in the Steglitz-Zehlendorf district on the edge of the Grunewald . The eastern part of the lake belongs to the district of Zehlendorf , the western part to the district of Nikolassee .

The local situation Schlachtensee is - contrary to popular opinion - not a separate district split, but as the lake. The Breisgauer Straße is the center of the local situation and at the same time the border between the two districts Zehlendorf and Nikolassee. The lake and location have belonged to Berlin since 1920, and to the Zehlendorf district until 2001 .

Were named after the lake

Geography and Paul-Ernst-Park

Paul-Ernst-Park and lake

The tubular Schlachtensee is almost the southernmost lake in the Grunewald chain of lakes , which geologically belongs to the Teltow plateau and was formed as a glacial channel around 15,000 years ago in the Brandenburg stage of the Vistula Ice Age .

With an area of ​​around 421,000 m² and a maximum depth of around 8.5 meters, it is one of the larger lakes in the Berlin urban area; the circumference is 5.5 kilometers. The lakeshore is used intensively for walks and, with its continuous riverside path, is one of the most popular jogging routes in Berlin. With its good water quality and wooded location, the Schlachtensee is also a popular swimming area.

Since 1981 around three million m³ of water from the Großer Wannsee have been almost completely freed of phosphate in the Beelitzhof surface water treatment plant and then discharged at the southwest end of the Schlachtensee with almost drinking water quality. The quality of the water in the lake has improved significantly since then. However, increasing use, bank destruction and other phosphate inputs (including dog excrement, soil erosion , feeding water birds, stirring up sediment) threaten the quality of the water.

Paul-Ernst-Park is located directly at the Schlachtensee S-Bahn station of the same name . A memorial stone placed there commemorates the eponym, the writer Paul Ernst (1866–1933). The public green and recreational area stretches down the slope to the lake and almost a kilometer along the south bank to the prominent peninsula below the terrace road. The marine settlement is located above the bank . In the area of ​​the peninsula, the park consists of a dense forest, while in the upper area at the S-Bahn station there are flower beds and - in summer heavily frequented - sunbathing lawns. There are other sunbathing areas on the north-eastern shore of the lake, where the Schlachtensee is connected to the Krummen Lanke via a partly underground canal .

There is a boat rental on the east side of the lake. Anglers can find 18 species of fish in the Schlachtensee and the neighboring Krummen Lanke . The lake and the residential area are well connected to local public transport via the Schlachtensee S-Bahn station .

history

etymology

The name of the Schlachtensee does not come from a battle. In a document of the influential Lehnin Monastery of the Cistercian Order , the village Slatdorp on the Slatse is mentioned in 1242 :

"Villa Slauicali, que Slatdorp digitur, et duobus stagnis Slatse et Tusen"

The name of the lake is a compound with the basic word -see . The Middle Low German fore link slaht or slat denotes a pile structure as bank fortification 'or "a dam made of wood or stones across the river bed as a fish or mill weir ". Another interpretation, for example by Richard George in 1900, is based on the Slavic term slaty ('golden, golden yellow') and refers to the color of the lake. The name researcher for the Teltow, Gerhard Schlimpert, refers to slat , 'pile work as bank reinforcement', to solt 'swamp, morass' and only mentions the possible meaning of 'golden' in passing.

According to the above-mentioned document, the monastery bought the Ascanian margraves Johann I and Otto III, who ruled together . the villages of Zehlendorf and Slatdorp together with two lakes and a forest for 300 marks. The village very likely fell in desolation later . The second lake with the unclear name Tusen or Imtzen referred to the neighboring Nikolassee , which is connected to the Schlachtensee via the elongated valley of the protected Rehwiese .

Fisherman's hut

Restaurant fisherman's hut

Today's Schlachtensee settlement was not built until the end of the 19th century. A fisherman's hut had previously been built on the bank around 1750, which gave the name to the Alte Fischerhütte restaurant on the northeast bank. The restaurant, which was restored and expanded in 2005, is a popular place to linger with its garden spaces. The first mentions of the fisherman's hut come from the year 1759:

"On the so-called Schlachtensee [...] because of the construction of a fisherman's house and the fields to be found there"

and from 1767:

"In the Teltoischen Heide the pertinents *) to the fisherman's house at the Schlachtensee are measured"

*) associated country

Definition of the Schlachtensee location

Ev. Schlachtensee community

The local situation Schlachtensee is divided into the area Schlachtensee-West, which the district Nikolassee was heard and also from the same building society like Nikolassee, the homesteads AG, opened up. Schlachtensee-Ost belongs to the district of Zehlendorf and was largely developed by other construction companies. A clear demarcation of the two residential areas within the surrounding districts is difficult.

A meaningful definition of the Schlachtensee location appears possible, however, if one orientates oneself on the parish boundaries of the Protestant parishes Schlachtensee and Nikolassee (see adjacent map): The western border of the Schlachtensee location is formed by the streets Spanische Allee, Wasgenstraße, Kurstraße and Lisbonallee; Wannseebahn and Limastraße represent the eastern border. However, according to this definition , the student village Schlachtensee and the allotment garden colony Schlachtensee-Süd would not belong to the location, but the old manor Düppel (today: animal clinic ). It makes sense to deviate from the municipal boundaries in these cases. Some residents of the Wonnegauviertel also see themselves as part of the Schlachtensee location, although they belong to Nikolassee in terms of architectural history and municipality.

On May 20, 2020, the district assembly of Steglitz-Zehlendorf decided to upgrade the location to an independent district.

Former Schlachtensee ferry

Walter Leistikow : Evening Mood at the Schlachtensee , 1895

In 1896 August Hensel became the fishing leaseholder of the Schlachtensee. At that time there were three restaurants on the Schlachtensee: the Alte Fischerhütte , the Schlachtensee Castle (demolished in 1955) and the Neue Fischerhütte (demolished in 1938). Around 1900, Hensel operated a motorboat connection between the old and new fisherman's hut and a ferry from the new fisherman's hut to the opposite bank. The motorboat was called Siegfried . Around 1906 Hensel bought a 16.5 meter long boat named Anne designed for 77 people, and in 1920 the Sidonie boat (14 meters long). In 1913 bathing in the lake was banned because the water became privately owned. In 1940 the ferry connection was closed due to a lack of fuel, and in November 1945 the two boats were destroyed by arson. Nevertheless, Hensel resumed the ferry service to the opposite bank in a fishing boat. In 1964 he bought a new pontoon rowing boat. After Hensel's death, his son Günter took over the ferry service, which he closed in 1976 due to insufficient demand.

Poem Schlachtensee

View over the Schlachtensee
Schlachtensee in autumn

The writer Ludovica Ezekiel (1847–1889) composed the following lines with the title Schlachtensee :

The pines are gently tilting / blue and the lake is still,
we listen to the old news / about the desire to turn and pain.

Then the Saxons came drawn / into the Heveller Land,
and Christian temples rose / where an idol stood.

The grim bear of Askania, / who broke the power of the Wends
, first thought of all / the greatness of brands.

And finally the turns sank / defeated and defeated;
it thunders over the pines, / the storm howls wildly in them.

The rain lashes the waves, / the laughing crowd becomes mute,
At the Schlachtensee the ghosts / of the old Wenden go about.

The grim bear of Askania refers to the founder of the Mark Brandenburg and first Margrave Albrecht the Bear , the great-great-grandfather of the mentioned Margraves Johann I and Otto III.

Scuba diving

The Schlachtensee was popular among recreational divers because of its relatively clear water . Diving tourism increased after the media reported about a 1.70 meter long catfish in the lake. However, scuba diving was banned all year round for both the Krumme Lanke and the Schlachtensee in June 2008 by the Steglitz-Zehlendorf Environment Agency as part of a general decree regulating public use. However, since diving in Berlin is not recognized as general use and is therefore fundamentally not permitted, the ban on the Schlachtensee was described by the then Sports City Councilor Norbert Schmidt (CDU) as a clarification of the existing legal situation.

On January 19, 2009, the ban was relaxed so that divers with internationally recognized training were allowed to dive with special equipment from July to December from sunrise to sunset. Basic diving training was also prohibited, as was the use of auxiliary drives and each dive had to be reported to the Landestauchsportverband Berlin by email at least 24 hours in advance. The point for the water entry had to be chosen so that no bank vegetation could be destroyed. The exemption expired on December 31, 2011. Since then, diving on the Schlachtensee has been completely prohibited again. Special permits must be applied for from the district's environmental office.

literature

  • Stephan Warnatsch: History of the Lehnin Monastery 1180–1542. Studies on the history, art and culture of the Cistercians, Volume 12.1. Lukas Verlag, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-931836-45-2 (also: Berlin, Free University, dissertation, 1999). To purchase Schlachtensee etc. p. 239 (the Latin quote from Schlimpert).
    • ... (also), register of registers ... Volume 12.2 ... ISBN 3-931836-46-0 , purchase certificate Slatdorp No. 81.
  • Gerhard Schlimpert : Brandenburg name book, part 3, The place names of the Teltow. Hermann Böhlaus Nachf., Weimar 1972, Latin quote purchase 1242 page 170; Quotes from Fischerhütte p. 159, derivation of name p. 170, 159 f.
  • Wolfgang Ellerbrock: Monks, fishermen and citizens, 100 years of the Schlachtensee country house colomy. Mariposa Verlag, Berlin 1995.
  • Dirk Jordan: Confessional Church and Nazi Refuge, Schlachtensee 1933–1945. Self-published, Berlin 2016 (2nd revised and corrected edition).
  • Dirk Jordan: Idylle und Lager, Schlachtensee 1933–1945, forced labor and prisoner of war camp . Self-published, Berlin 2017.
  • Dirk Jordan: Humanity and Resistance in Schlachtensee 1933–1945, silent heroines and on July 20, 1944 participants from Schlachtensee. Self-published, Berlin 2018.

Web links

Commons : Schlachtensee  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Schlachtensee: Where the separatists live. In: Der Tagesspiegel , August 28, 2018
  2. ↑ Sauberer Schlachtensee and Krumme Lanke. At: Berlin.de
  3. ^ Albrecht Greule: German water names book . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, p. 840 (Lemma “Schlachtensee”).
  4. ^ Ludovica Ezekiel: Schlachtensee . In: Richard George (Hrsg.): Hie good Brandenburg all way! Verlag von W. Pauli's Nachf., Berlin 1900, p. 49 (as editor's note).
  5. ↑ Schlachtensee becomes a district
  6. ^ Ferries in the southwest of Berlin In: BahnInfo Regional
  7. ↑ Brigitte Schmiemann: Diving ban in the Schlachtensee annoys athletes . In: THE WORLD . August 5, 2008 ( welt.de [accessed July 6, 2020]).
  8. ↑ Steven Blum Roger Blum: Diving ban Schlachtensee Krumme Lanke. Retrieved July 6, 2020 .
  9. ↑ Sauberer Schlachtensee and Krumme Lanke. August 27, 2019, accessed July 6, 2020 .