Carnations

Carnations
	Armeria pubigera
Systematics
	Eudicotyledons
	Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order :	Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family :	Leadwort family (Plumbaginaceae)
Subfamily :	Staticoideae
Genre :	Carnations
Scientific name
	Armeria
	Willd.

Carnations ( Armeria ) form a genus of plants in the leadwort family (Plumbaginaceae). The approximately 50 species are distributed in North America, southern South America, Europe, western Asia (northern Siberia) and northern Africa.

description

Illustration from atlas of the alpine flora of the alpine carnation ( Armeria alpina )

Appearance and leaves

Carnation species are perennial herbaceous plants . There are taproots formed. In undergraduate rosettes are sessile leaves . The simple leaf blades are linear to linear-spatulate; they can narrow at their base or be straight and have a smooth leaf edge.

Inflorescences and flowers

The individually standing inflorescence shafts are hairy or hairy densely, sometimes wrinkled and wrapped at the upper end by tubular leaf sheaths. The terminal, hemispherical, capitate total inflorescences are made of wound-like , zymösen composed part of inflorescences, where few to many flowers are close together. Each partial inflorescence is surrounded by dry-skinned bracts . There are at most short flower stalks.

The hermaphrodite flowers are five-fold with a double flower envelope . There are species in which two types of flowers occur which differ in terms of pollen and stigma. The five sepals are fused together like a funnel and also envelop the ripe fruit. The ten-ribbed calyx tube is usually hairy on the ribs or completely downy, rarely bald. The calyx lobes are membranous with or without awn . The five petals are only fused at their base and can be white to dark purple in color. There is only one circle with five free stamens that do not protrude above the corolla. The stamens are fused with the base of the petals. The five free styles are hairy in the upper area and end in a papillous or smooth scar.

Fruits and seeds

The dry fruits, enveloped by the calyx, open transversely and contain only one seed.

Sets of chromosomes

The basic chromosome number is x = 9.

Systematics and distribution

Armeria alliacea

Armeria berlengensis

Armeria bigerrensis

Close up of an inflorescence of Armeria caespitosa

Inflorescences of Armeria denticulata with flowers in detail

Armeria juniperifolia

Armeria pungens

Inflorescence of Armeria rothmaleri

Armeria ruscinonensis

Armeria transmontana

Inflorescence of Armeria villosa

The genus Armeria was created in 1809 by Carl Ludwig von Willdenow in Enumeratio Plantarum Horti Regii Botanici Berolinensis: continens descriptiones omnium vegetabilium in horto dicto cultorum / D. Car. Lud. Willdenow. Berolini , Volume 1, pp. 333-335. The type species is Armeria vulgaris Willd. A homonym is Armeria Kuntze (published in Revisio Generum Plantarum , 2, 1891, p. 432). The generic name Armeria Willd. nom. cons. is conserved according to the rules of the ICBN ( Vienna ICBN Art. 14.4 & App. III) compared to the older synonym Statice L. nom. rej. The genus name Armeria is derived from the Celtic ar mor and refers to the location of some species on the coast.

The genus Armeria belongs to the tribe Staticeae in the subfamily Staticoideae within the family Plumbaginaceae .

There are about 50 species of Armeria , common in temperate to cold areas in North America, southern South America, Europe, western Asia (northern Siberia), and northern Africa. Here are the Armeria species native to Europe and the Mediterranean :

Armeria alboi (Bernis) Nieto Fel. : It occurs in Spain .
Armeria alliacea (Cav.) Hoffmanns. & Link : It occurs in Morocco , Algeria and Spain.
Alpine carnation ( Armeria alpina Willd. , Syn .: Armeria maritima subsp. Alpina (Willd.) P.Silva ): It occurs in Central Europe in the Alpine region and in Southern Europe .
Armeria alpinifolia Pau & Font Quer : It occurs in Morocco.
Armeria ambifaria Focke
Armeria arctica (Cham.) Wallr.
Armeria arcuata Boiss. & Reut. : It occurs in Portugal and maybe also in Spain.
Plantain carnation ( Armeria arenaria (Pers.) Schult. ): It occurs in southwest Germany , Switzerland , France , Italy , Spain and Portugal. There are two subspecies.
Armeria aspromontana Brullo, Scelsi & Spamp. : It occurs in Italy.
Armeria atlantica Pomel : It occurs in Morocco and Algeria.
Armeria beirana Franco : It occurs in Portugal and Spain.
Armeria belgenciensis Kerguélen : It occurs in France.
Armeria berlengensis Daveau : It occurs in Portugal.
Armeria bigerrensis (C.Vicioso & Beltrán) Rivas Mart. : It occurs in Spain.
Armeria bourgaei Merino : It occurs in Spain.
Armeria brutia Brullo, Gangale & Uzunov : It occurs in Italy.
Armeria caballeroi (Bernis) Donad. : It occurs in Spain.
Armeria caespitosa (Ortega) Boiss. (Syn .: Armeria juniperifolia (Vahl) Hoffmanns. & Link ): It occurs in Spain.
Armeria canescens (host) Boiss. : It occurs in two subspecies in Southeastern Europe .
Armeria cantabrica Boiss. & Reut. ex will . & Lange : It occurs in Spain.
Armeria cariensis Boiss. : It occurs in Turkey and on islands in the Aegean Sea.
Armeria carpetana Villar
Armeria castellana Leresche : It occurs in Spain.
Armeria castroviejoi Nieto Fel. : It occurs in Spain.
Armeria choulettiana Pomel : It occurs in Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia .
Armeria ciliata (Lange) Nieto Fel. : It occurs in Spain.
Armeria colorata Pau : It occurs in Spain.
Armeria daveaui (Cout.) P.Silva
Armeria denticulata (Bertol.) DC. : It occurs in Italy.
Armeria duriaei Boiss. : It occurs in Spain and Portugal.
Armeria duriensis Franco : It occurs in Portugal.
Armeria ebracteata Pomel : It occurs in Morocco and Algeria.
Armeria eriophylla Willk. : It occurs in Portugal and Spain.
Armeria euscadiensis Donad. & Vivant : It occurs in Spain.
Armeria filicaulis (Boiss.) Boiss. : It occurs in Morocco, Spain and France.
Armeria fontqueri Pau : It occurs in Spain.
Armeria gaditana Boiss. : It occurs in Portugal and Spain.
Armeria genesiana Nieto Fel. : It occurs in Spain.
Armeria girardii (Bernis) Litard. (Syn .: Armeria juncea Girard ): It occurs in France.
Armeria helodes F.Martini & Poldini : It occurs in Italy.
Armeria hirta Willd. : It occurs in Spain.
Armeria hispalensis Pau : It occurs in Spain.
Armeria humilis (Link) Schult. : It occurs in Spain and Portugal.
Armeria icarica J.R. Edm. : It occurs on the islands of the Aegean Sea.
Armeria johnsenii Papan. & Kokkini : This endemic to the Greek island of Euboea thrives on rocks on the coast.
Armeria langei Boiss. ex Lange : It occurs in Portugal and Spain.
Armeria leucocephala W.DJKoch : This endemic occurs only in Corsica .
Armeria linkiana Nieto Fel. : It occurs in Portugal and Spain.
Armeria littoralis Willd. : It occurs in Portugal and Spain.
Armeria macrophylla Boiss. & Reut. : It occurs only in southern Portugal and southwestern Spain.
Armeria macropoda Boiss. : It occurs in Italy.
Armeria maderensis Lowe
Armeria malacitana Nieto Fel. : It occurs in Spain.
Armeria malinvaudii H.J.Coste & Soulié : It occurs in France.
Armeria marginata (Levier) Bianchini : It occurs in Italy.
Beach carnation ( Armeria maritima (Mill.) Willd. ): There are many subspecies (selection):
- Beach carnation ( Armeria maritima (Mill.) Willd. Subsp. Maritima ): It is native to Europe and Greenland and is a neophyte in North America.
- Armeria maritima subsp. azorica Franco
- Armeria maritima subsp. barcensis (Simonk.) P.Silva
- Armeria maritima subsp. californica (Boiss.) AEPorsild : It thrives at altitudes between 0 and 200 meters only in British Columbia and in the US states of California , Oregon and Washington .
- Armeria maritima subsp. cantabrica (Willk.) Malag.
- Sand carnation ( Armeria maritima subsp. Elongata (Hoffm.) Bonnier ): It is widespread in Europe.
- Armeria maritima subsp. fontqueri
- Calamine carnation ( Armeria maritima subsp. Halleri (Wallr.) Rothm. ): It occurs in Western and Central Europe from the Pyrenees to the Netherlands and Poland .
- Armeria maritima subsp. interior (caterpillar) AEPorsild : This endemic is only known from the south shore of Lake Athabasca in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan .
- Armeria maritima subsp. intermedia (T.Marsson) Nordh.
- Armeria maritima subsp. legionensis (Bernis) M. Laínz
- Armeria maritima subsp. miscella (Merino) Malag. : It occurs in Portugal, Spain, France and the Azores .
- Armeria maritima subsp. muelleri (A.Huet) O.Bolòs & Vigo : It occurs in Spain.
- Armeria maritima subsp. planifolia (Syme) Löve & Löve
- Armeria maritima subsp. sibirica (Turcz. ex Boiss.) Nyman : It is common in Eurasia , Greenland , Alaska as well as Colorado and in northern Canada.
- Purple carnation ( Armeria maritima subsp. Purpurea (WDJKoch) Á.Löve & D.Löve ): It occurs only in southern Germany and perhaps in northern Italy and used to be found in Switzerland.

Armeria masguindalii (Pau) Nieto Fel. : It occurs in Morocco.

Armeria mauritanica Wallr. : It occurs in Algeria.

Armeria merinoi (Bernis) Nieto Fel. & Silva Pando : It occurs in Spain.

Armeria morisii Boiss. : It occurs only in Sardinia and Sicily .

Armeria muelleri A.Huet : It occurs in Spain and France.

Armeria multiceps Wallr. : This endemic occurs only in Corsica.

Armeria pauana (Bernis) Nieto Fel. : It occurs in Spain.

Armeria pinifolia (bread.) Hoffmanns. & Link : It occurs in Portugal.

Armeria platyphylla (Daveau) Franco : It occurs in Portugal.

Armeria pocutica Pawlł.

Armeria pseudarmeria (Murray) Mansf. : It occurs in Portugal.

Armeria pubigera (Desf.) Boiss. : It occurs in Portugal and Spain.

Armeria pungens (Link) Hoffmanns. & Link : It occurs in southern Portugal, southwestern Spain, Corsica and Sardinia.

Armeria quichiotis (Gonz. Albo) GHMLawr. : It occurs in Spain.

Armeria rivasmartinezii Sard. Rosc. & Nieto Fel. : It occurs in Spain.

Armeria rothmaleri Nieto Fel. : It occurs in Spain.

Armeria rouyana Daveau : It occurs in Portugal.

Armeria rumelica Boiss. : It occurs on the Balkan Peninsula and in Turkey.

Armeria ruscinonensis Girard : It occurs in Spain and France.

Armeria salmantica (Bernis) Nieto Fel. : It occurs in Spain.

Armeria sampaioi (Bernis) Nieto Fel. : It occurs in Portugal.

Armeria sancta Janka : It occurs in Greece.

Armeria sardoa Spreng. : This endemic occurs only in Sardinia .

Armeria saviana Selvi : It occurs in Italy.

Armeria seticeps Rchb. : It occurs in Italy.

Armeria simplex Pomel : It is found in Morocco and Algeria.

Soleirols carnation ( Armeria soleirolii (Duby) Godr. ): It is endemic to Corsica (Calvi).

Armeria spinulosa Boiss. : It occurs in Algeria and Tunisia.

Armeria splendens (Lag. & Rodr.) Webb : It occurs in Spain.

Armeria sulcitana Arrigoni : It occurs in Sardinia.

Armeria tingitana Boiss. & Reut. : It occurs in Morocco.

Armeria trachyphylla Lange : It occurs in Spain.

Armeria transmontana (Samp.) GHMLawr. : It occurs in Portugal and Spain.

Armeria trianoi Nieto Fel. : It occurs in Spain.

Armeria trojana Bokhari & Quézel : It occurs in Turkey.

Armeria undulata (Bory) Boiss. : It occurs in Greece and Lebanon.

Armeria vandasii Hayek : It occurs in the former Yugoslavia .

Armeria velutina Boiss. & Reut. : It occurs in Portugal and Spain.

Armeria villosa Girard : It occurs in two subspecies in Spain.

Armeria welwitschii Boiss. : It occurs in Portugal.

The variety Armeria juniperifolia 'Bevan's Variety'

use

Some varieties of a few carnation species (for example Armeria alliacea , Armeria juniperifolia , Armeria leucocephala , Armeria maritima ) are used as ornamental plants. They thrive in exposed sunny locations and can be used well in rock gardens or as border plants.

The leaves and subterranean plant parts of Armeria maritima were eaten cooked.

swell

G. Nieto Feliner: Armeria Willd. nom. cons. , Pp. 642–721 - Full text PDF , In: Santiago Castroviejo, Manuel Laínz, Ginés López González, Pedro Montserrat, Félix Muñoz Garmendia, Jorge Paiva, Luis Villar (eds.): Flora Ibérica. Plantas vasculares de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares, Volume II. Platanaceae-Plumbaginaceae (partim) . Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid 1990, ISBN 84-00-07034-8 , p. lii + 897 .
Claude Lefèbvre, Xavier Vekemans: Armeria - the same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 5 - Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 2 , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2005. ISBN 0-19-522211-3 (Sections Description and Systematics)

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Claude Lefèbvre, Xavier Vekemans: Armeria - the same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 5 - Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 2 , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2005. ISBN 0-19-522211-3
^ Armeria at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed December 5, 2013.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w Armeria in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq G. Domina, 2011: Plumbaginaceae. Datasheet at Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity . Last accessed on August 6, 2017
^ Entry at Flora Iberica .
↑ Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica. The ABC of plants. 10,000 species in text and images . Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft, 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 (therein pages 112-113).
^ Armeria maritima at Plants For A Future . Retrieved August 7, 2017.

Supplementary literature

J. Fuertes Aguilar, G. Nieto Feliner: Additive polymorphisms and reticulation in an ITS phylogeny of thrifts (Armeria, Plumbaginaceae). In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution , Volume 28, 2003, pp. 430-447.
G. Nieto Feliner, B. Gutiérrez Larena, J. Fuertes Aguilar: Fine scale geographical structure, intra-individual polymorphism and recombination in nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers in Armeria (Plumbaginaceae). In: Annals of Botany , Volume 93, 2004, pp. 189-200.
Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .

Web links

Commons : Grasnelken ( Armeria ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

[FoNA-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Claude Lefèbvre, Xavier Vekemans: Armeria - the same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 5 - Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 2 , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2005. ISBN 0-19-522211-3

[tropicos-2] Armeria at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed December 5, 2013.

[GRIN-3] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w Armeria in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved August 5, 2017.

[Euro+Med-4] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq G. Domina, 2011: Plumbaginaceae. Datasheet at Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity . Last accessed on August 6, 2017

[FI-5] Entry at Flora Iberica .

[Botanica-6] Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica. The ABC of plants. 10,000 species in text and images . Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft, 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 (therein pages 112-113).

[PFAF-7] Armeria maritima at Plants For A Future . Retrieved August 7, 2017.