Buckwitz

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Buckwitz
Municipality Wusterhausen / Dosse
Coordinates: 52 ° 51 ′ 56 ″  N , 12 ° 29 ′ 15 ″  E
Height : 38 m above sea level NHN
Residents : 190  (2012)
Incorporation : July 1, 2001
Postal code : 16845
Primaries : 033979, 033970
Bückwitz Seestrasse, view from the church in south direction
Bückwitz Seestrasse, view from the church in south direction

Bückwitz is a district of the municipality of Wusterhausen / Dosse in the Ostprignitz-Ruppin district ( Brandenburg ). The place was an independent municipality until it was incorporated into Wusterhausen / Dosse in 2001.

geography

Bückwitz is about 3.5 kilometers as the crow flies east-northeast of Neustadt (Dosse) and about 3 kilometers as the crow flies south-east of Wusterhausen / Dosse on the south bank of Lake Bückwitz . The district or the district of Bückwitz borders in the north on the district of the city of Wusterhausen / Dosse, in the northeast on Metzelthin , in the east on Barsikow , in the south on Segeletz and in the west on the district of Neustadt (Dosse). Bückwitz is conveniently located on federal highway 167 , federal highway 5 and federal highway 102 . The Bückwitz development area belongs to the district of Bückwitz, southeast of the center on the B 5. A second residential area with this name is east of the center south of the B 167.

Although Bückwitz is located directly on Lake Bückwitz, the lake itself is not part of the Bückwitz district. In the northeast, the Rohrlacker Graben form the border with the Metzelthin district. The district is crossed by several trenches. The center is 37  m above sea level. NHN . The highest point is at Bücknitz expansion in the very south of the district at a little over 41  m above sea level. NHN ; The lowest point is the lake level of the Bückwitz lake at 33  m above sea level. NHN .

history

Bückwitz is mentioned for the first time in a document from 1308. The name is derived from an old polab. Basic form * Bukovica or * Bukovec = place on / near the beech forest. The structure of the village is a dead end village; the dead end ends at Lake Bückwitz.

Bückwitz on the Urmes table sheet 3140 Neustadt (Dosse) from 1841

Ownership history

Bückwitz was an accessory to the castle in Neustadt (Dosse), which was still counted as part of Prignitz in 1375 . The town and castle were owned by Lippoldus de Bredow, a margravial follower, in 1375. Around 1407 Neustadt Castle and its accessories, including Bückwitz, passed into the possession of the Counts of Lindow. According to the land register of 1491, Bückwitz was now included in the state of Wusterhausen. The property of the village was already divided before 1491. The uplifts from the peasants went to some nobles and institutions. Even uplifts from a farm went to various beneficiaries. A total of 13 owners / beneficiaries of taxes in Bückwitz can be identified in the late Middle Ages and early modern times. The following table gives an overview of the ownership structure in Bückwitz around 1491.

Taxes from the farmers in Bückwitz and their beneficiaries 1491:
Farmer / Kossät Number of hooves Levies Beneficiaries
Schulte 3 hooves (2 free hooves) ½ wispel rye, ½ wispel oats Hermann von Brunn in Segeletz
Peter Krun 2 hooves 2 wispel hard grain, 16 shillings, service Claus von Rohr
Marcus Nateheyde 2 hooves all rights Claus von Rohr
Marcus Krun 2 hooves all tenancies, service Claus von Rohr
Claus jokes 2 hooves (parish hooves) 2 wispel hard grain, 6 shillings, service a priest
Henning Valvisch 2 hooves Rent, 16 shillings, service Claus Metzmacher
Achim Rulen 2 hooves 16 shillings, service Probst of Gransee
Matthis Brendeke 2 hooves 6 shillings, service Lenze from Quitzow
Brendeke Krun 2 hooves all rights Lenze from Quitzow
Mechil Tidemann 2 hooves service Probst of Gransee
Hanns Brendeke 2 hooves 16 bushels of rye, 16 bushels of barley Achim von Kahlbutz
dito dito 8 bushels of rye, 8 bushels of barley, service Berthold von Kahlbutz
Bartolomeus Stepell 2 hooves all rights Fritz von Schütte
Claus Varland 2 hooves 1 wispel, 8 shillings, half service Kersten von Meseberg
dito dito 1 wispel 8 shillings, half service Lutke von Rathenow's children
Coppe Wagenitz 2 hooves all tenancies, service Monks from Havelberg
Balte Brendeke 2 hooves all tenancies, service Monks in the monastery at Havelberg
15 farms 31 hooves, 2 Schulzenhufen, 2 parish hooves - -

Even before 1491 the rulership of Neustadt had three quarters of the court and three quarters of the patronage. In 1525 the village or three quarters of the Neustadt rule was transferred to the cathedral chapter in Havelberg. In the further course of history further shares and uplifts came to the rule or later to the Neustadt office, so that the office was fully owned by the village with the exception of a manor. In 1572 Elisabeth von Grabow, widow of Georg von Kröcher, ceded the quarter part of the street court and the patronage to the office.

The Schulzenhof was owned by Hermann von Brunn in Segeletz in 1491. It was sold to the Neustadt office in 1705. Achim and Bertold von Kalebutz zu Kampehl had a two-hoofed farmer together in 1491, which Christian Friedrich von Kahlbutz sold to the Neustadt office in 1699. Another two-hoofed farm belonged to the Lentze von Quitzow, who also received even lower elevations from a second two-hoofed farm. In 1491 the provost in Gransee also had small taxes from a two-hoofed farmer and the service of another two-hoofed farmer. A citizen Claus Metzmacher had lifts from a Zweihufenhof. The monks of Havelberg (Premonstratensian cathedral chapter) had two two-hoofed farmers with all tenants and services. The further history of these ownership shares has not yet been clarified in detail. You must have come to the Neustadt office later.

The children of the late Lutke von Rathenow zu Plänitz had a two-legged farm together with Kersten von Meseberg zu Rohrlack. The von Rathenow's share came into the possession of the v. Gühlen zu Rohrlack and Wustrau. In 1613 it went to the v. Lüderitz to Nackel . The V. Meseberg were able to maintain half their share until 1693. In 1693 the v. Lüderitz and the v. Meseberg the farm to the Neustadt office.

In 1491 Fritz von Schütte owned a Zweihufenhof in Bückwitz with all rights. In 1542, probably his sons, Achim and Jacob von Schütte, had a residential courtyard in Bückwitz. In 1572 a Fritz Schutz zu Buckewitz (prescribed for Schütte?) Was present at the state parliament in Berlin.

Claus von Rohr on Katerbow and Netzeband had three farms in 1491, presumably as pledges of a quarter of the Neustadt estate. In 1525, Baltzer Rohr owned a quarter of the village on Katerbow. In 1675 the Rohr sold their share to the v. Kruger or from warriors. In 1733 the property was passed on to Belchow, who held it until 1741. He was followed by Pastor Schneider from Barsikow until 1745. In 1745 the share went to the v. Wartenberg, 1751 to the v. Grumbkow. From 1761 to 197 he belonged to the bailiff of the Neustadt Office Clausius. It was followed by a von Werdeck until 1803, and this was followed by a von Wartenberg auf Metzelthin. In 1817 city judge Jesse was in possession of the share, also in 1828 and 1841. These were followed by the von Winterfeld auf Metzelthin until 1862. In 1850, after Berghaus, Philipp Otto von Winterfeld lived in Metzelthin. In 1857 the general address book names only one Mr. Winter field. In his address book, however, Philipp Otto von Winterfeld is mentioned as the owner of Bückwitz and Metzelthin.

According to Adolf Frantz, in 1863 Bückwitz had a size of 388 acres of fields and 74 acres of pasture. According to the general directory of the manor and estate owners in the German Empire from 1879, the estate, now numbered in hectares, had a size of 92 hectares, of which 85.50 hectares were arable, 6.25 hectares of meadows and 0.25 hectares of pastures. The property tax net income was 1,407 marks. A von Kunowski is now listed as the owner of the estate. He also owned the property in Metzelthin. Reinhold Friedrich August von Kunowski was born on January 12, 1841 as the son of Waldemar Friedrich von Kunowski and Magdalena von Lehmann in Bechlin . He was a lieutenant in the Prussian army. It is not known exactly when he acquired Bückwitz and Metzelthin. In 1896 the two estates were separated again. Metzelthin belonged to a Pickert who had leased the estate to a Lieutenant Horn, and the Bückwitz estate now belonged to the economist Hermann Gottlieb Stolze in Neukammer , who had designated his property, including Bückwitz, as a family fideicommiss. By 1903 he was also able to acquire the Metzelthin estate. At 286 hectares, this estate was more than three times the size of Gut Bückwitz.

According to the Handbook of Landing in the German Empire in 1910, Lieutenant Horn was the tenant of the two estates at Bückwitz and Metzelthin. The widow Margarethe Stolze now appears as the owner. In Niekammer's goods address book from 1914 a Miss Margarethe Stolze in Neukammer is registered as the owner. She had kept the tenant, who has meanwhile become captain d. R. ascended Th. Horn. The size of the property is again given as 270 ha, the property tax entry with 4566 marks. The animal population was 34 horses, 85 head of cattle, including 74 dairy cows, 311 sheep and 32 pigs.

A Margarethe Maria Stolze von Kunowski married Wilhelm von Byern von Groß Germersleben in 1913 , who was the last landowner (until 1945) of Metzelthin. It is probably Miss Margarethe Stolze named in the goods address book from 1914 . The entries in the goods address book often lag behind by one to two years. The Bückwitz estate was expropriated in the land reform of 1946.

Village history

In 1491 the place had 31 hooves . The Schulze had a Dreihufenhof, the 14 other farmers each had two Hufen to their farms. In 1525 there was a Chapel of St. Catherine near the village.

In 1540 the social structure of the village was as follows: a Schulze, 15 farmers, a Kossät , a cowherd and a shepherd. In 1624 17 hoof farmers lived in the village, a Kossät, a blacksmith, a tenant shepherd, a shepherd and three and a half pairs of householders. The number of hooves has now been put at 35. Among them were two parish hooves and 3½ hooves belonged to the rulership. Four farms with seven hooves had been freely granted to the rulership, which means that they had already been bought out and drawn to the manor. In 1638 imperial troops under General Gallas Bückwitz burned down except for the house of Hans Buchholz and the smithy.

In 1652, eight of the (theoretical) 13 farms were not managed, and one position on the farm was also not occupied. For 1687 the historical local lexicon gives only one two-hoofed farm and one three-hoofed farm, with 28 farmers' hooves; three and a half hooves belonged to the manor, seven hooves were free and two parish hooves. Twelve bushels of winter and summer seeds were sown on each hoof. The farmers harvested the 4th grain in the fields. Nevertheless, the field was rated as only mediocre. The pasture was also only mediocre. There were no meadows on the Feldmark. However, the farmers were able to fatten up and had firewood, as well as some fishing on Lake Bückwitz. For 1716 15 hoof farmers are given, a blacksmith, a village shepherd and a farmhand with cattle. 10 groschen interest had to be paid on 28 hooves. In 1761 15 hoof farmers were given again, including Schulze. Three farmers cultivate five approved hooves. There were also two Büdners, including a blacksmith. The beer mug went round in the village. In addition, six residents lived in Bückwitz, a sexton, a cowherd and swineherd and shepherd, a groom, an ox herder and 41 servants, a total of 128 souls. In 1800 there were 16 whole farmers, the 28 Hufen farmed two Büdner, a granny and a carpenter. There was a blacksmith's shop and a beer mug in the village. 10½ hooves belonged to the manor. There were a total of 29 fire pits (residential buildings) in the village. Chaussee Berlin Hamburg was built between 1827 and 1830, today's Bundesstraße 5. In 1840 the number of residential buildings had increased to 35 residential buildings. In 1849 the Neustadt-Ruppiner Chaussee (B 105) was built. In 1860 the building stock was in the village: five public buildings, 54 residential buildings and 76 farm buildings, in the estate: five residential buildings and three farm buildings. The parish had 1993 acres, including 18 acres of homesteads, 20 acres of garden land, 1,588 acres of arable land, 265 acres of meadows and 96 acres of pasture. The manor was 468 acres, of which six acres were homesteads, 388 acres were arable and 74 acres were pasture. On September 30, 1835, a major fire destroyed nine houses, three filled barns, six large and several smaller stables. In 1891 the social structure of the village is described as follows: eleven farmers, one farm owner, two innkeepers, 37 Büdner including three merchants , three bricklayers, a night watchman, two old people, a dairy owner , a railroad attendant, a railroad worker, a trader, a blacksmith, a A carpenter, a bricklayer, 14 workers, a teacher, 22 servants, 16 maids, an apprentice, a tenant and a local poor.

In 1900 the place had 62 houses, one house belonged to the estate. The parish was 542 ha, the manor 97 ha. In 1944 578 hectares of farmland, including 361.56 hectares of arable land, 10.02 hectares of gardens, 116.85 hectares of meadows, 33.84 hectares of pasture and 20.21 hectares of forest and the like.

In the land reform of 1946, 261.8 hectares were divided between 51 settlers. In 1957 the first LPG was formed with 14 members and 177 ha of agricultural land. In 1960 148 landowners were already members of the LPG, which managed 577 hectares of usable area.

Population development in Bückwitz from 1767 to 2000
year 1767 1787 1800 1817 1840 1858 1875 1895 1910 1925 1933 1939 1946 1950 1964 1971 1981 1991 2000
Residents 211 195 196 226 258 344 364 354 350 273 (292 *) 280 274 497 436 305 (307 *) 261 404 339 342
  • According to the historical local dictionary

Local political history

From the rule of Ruppin, the Ruppin District of the Mark Brandenburg was formed in the course of the 16th century , from 1817 the District of Ruppin of the Province of Brandenburg , with which Bückwitz remained until 1952.

With the formation of the districts in Prussia, Bückwitz was assigned to district 7 (together with Ganzer, Barsikow and Metzeltin). The head of the manor was the manor from Kriegsheim auf Barsikow, his deputy bailiff Berlin in Ganzer.

In the district and district reform of 1952, the old Ruppin district was split up and the state of Brandenburg dissolved; At that time, Bückwitz came to the new Kyritz district in the Potsdam district of the GDR .

Bückwitz became an independent rural community in the 19th century. 1957 included: the living spaces at Barsikow station, Barsikower extension and Metzelthiner extension. On January 1, 1974, Metzelthin was incorporated into Bückwitz. In 1992, Bückwitz (including Metzelthin) formed the Wusterhausen office together with 14 other communities . On July 1, 2001, Bückwitz was incorporated into the city of Wusterhausen / Dosse; at the same time the Wusterhausen office was dissolved. According to the main statute of the municipality of Wusterhausen, Metzelthin, formerly a district of Bückwitz, now also received the status of a district. The quasi dual community of Bückwitz (including Metzelthin), which had existed since 1974, was dissolved again. The mayor is elected immediately.

Church history

Bückwitz village church, view of the west side

Bückwitz was originally an independent parish, as the two parish hooves show. In 1541 the community was cured from Kampehl. From 1558 it was provided by Neustadt (Dosse). From 1910 it was a daughter church of Segeletz in the superintendent of Wusterhausen / Dosse. The patronage was owned by the rule Neustadt or the Neustadt Office, later the Treasury.

Today (2018) Bückwitz is an independent parish in the parish of Segeletz in the Evangelical Church District of Prignitz .

Bückwitzer See and Rohrlacker Graben nature reserve

The nature reserve Bückwitzer See and Rohrlacker Graben includes the Bückwitzer See and more or less wide marginal areas as well as the drainage area and the valley of the approaching Rohrlacker Graben, also called Schwenze. It was established in 2001 by an ordinance of the Minister for Agriculture, Environmental Protection and Regional Planning and covers 157 hectares. It extends to the districts of Barsikow, Bückwitz, Metzelthin and Wusterhausen. The nature reserve protects the (post-) Ice Age in the transition area between the Ruppiner Platte and the Lower Rhinluch and its peripheral areas.

Fallen memorial south of the church

Economy and tourism

In Bückwitz there are mainly agricultural businesses and smaller suppliers. A seed refinement company has set up shop on the B 102. There are some wind turbines in the southern part of the district.

Due to its location directly on Lake Bückwitz, Bückwitz is a popular place to go for anglers. The place lost its only gastronomic facility due to arson in the 1990s. The site of the fire at the intersection of Hauptstrasse and Seestrasse is still undeveloped today.

Monuments and sights

The list of monuments of the state of Brandenburg for the district of Ostprignitz-Ruppin shows only one monument for Bücknitz

  • No. 09170528 Seestraße 10: Village church with a memorial for the fallen and a fence. The present church was consecrated in 1880; the previous church was burned down in the Thirty Years War.

supporting documents

literature

  • Lieselott Enders : Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg, part II Ruppin . 327 p., Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1972 (in the following abbreviated to Enders, Historisches Ortslexikon, Ruppin, with corresponding page number).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Elżbieta Foster: Brandenburg Name Book Part II The place names of the state of Ruppin. 258 p., Verlag Hermann Böhlaus successor Weimar 1998 (p. 81)
  2. ↑ a b Adolph Friedrich Johann Riedel : Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis Collection of documents, chronicles and other sources for the history of the Mark Brandenburg and its regents. A. First main part or collection of documents for local and special regional history, Volume 4. 520 S., Berlin, Reimer 1844 Online at Google Books
  3. ↑ Adolph Friedrich Johann Riedel : Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis Collection of documents, chronicles and other sources for the history of the Mark Brandenburg and its rulers. A. First main part or collection of documents for local and special regional history, Volume 4. 520 S., Berlin, Reimer 1844 Online at Google Books (p. 493)
  4. ↑ Adolph Friedrich Johann Riedel : Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis Collection of documents, chronicles and other sources for the history of the Mark Brandenburg and its rulers. A. First main part or collection of documents for local and special regional history, Volume 4. 520 S., Berlin, Reimer 1844 Online at Google Books
  5. ^ Carl von Eickstedt: Contributions to a newer land book of the Brandenburg brands: prelates, knights, cities, fiefdoms, or Roßdienst and fiefdom. XX, 590 S., Creutz, Magdeburg 1840 Online at Google Books (p. 82)
  6. ^ Carl von Eickstedt: Contributions to a newer land book of the Brandenburg brands: prelates, knights, cities, fiefdoms, or Roßdienst and fiefdom. XX, 590 S., Creutz, Magdeburg 1840 Online at Google Books (p. 500)
  7. ↑ a b August von Sellentin: Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Potsdam and the city of Berlin: Compiled from official sources. 292 p., Verlag der Sander'schen Buchhandlung, 1841 Central and State Library Berlin: Link to the digitized version (p. 186)
  8. ^ Heinrich Karl Wilhelm Berghaus: Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz in the middle of the 19th century; or geographical-historical-statistical description of the Province of Brandenburg, at the instigation of the State Minister and Upper President Flottwell. First volume. 684 p., Printed and published by Adolph Müller, Brandenburg 1854 Online at Google Books (p. 682)
  9. ^ Karl Friedrich Rauer: Hand register of the manors represented in all circles of the Prussian state on district and state parliaments. Berlin 1857, p. 112
  10. ^ Karl Friedrich Rauer: Alphabetical evidence (address book) of the aristocracy resident in the Prussian states with manors. 270 p., Self-published by Rauer, Berlin 1857 Online at Google Books , p. 254.
  11. ^ Adolf Frantz: General register of lordships, knights and other goods of the Prussian monarchy with information on the area, yield, property tax, owner, purchase and tax prices. 117 p., Verlag der Gsellius'schen Buchhandlung, Berlin, 1863, p. 47
  12. ^ Paul Ellerholz, H. Lodemann, H. von Wedell: General address book of the manor and estate owners in the German Empire. With details of the properties, their size (in Culturart), their net income from property tax, their tenants, branches of industry and post offices. I. The Kingdom of Prussia. I. Delivery The Province of Brandenburg. 311 pp., Nicolaische Verlags-Buchhandlung R. Stricker, Berlin 1879, PDF , pp. 64–65.
  13. ↑ By Kunowski . In: Handbuch des Prussischen Adels, Volume 1, pp. 313 to 319, Ernst Siegfried Mittler and Son, Berlin 1892 Online at archive.org , p. 317.
  14. ↑ Paul Ellerholz, Ernst Kirstein, Traugott Müller, W. Gerland and Georg Volger: Handbuch des Grundbesitz im Deutschen Reiche. With indication of all goods, their quality, their size and type of culture; your property tax net income; their owners, tenants, administrators etc .; of industries; Post, telegraph and railroad stations; Breeding of special breeds of animals; Exploitation of the livestock etc. I. The Kingdom of Prussia. I. Delivery: Province of Brandenburg. 3rd improved edition, 310 pp., Berlin, Nicolaische Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1896, pp. 242/43.
  15. ^ Ernst Kirstein (editor): Handbook of real estate in the German Empire. With indication of all goods, their quality, their size and type of culture; your property tax net income; their owners, tenants, administrators etc .; of industries; Post, telegraph and railroad stations; Breeding of special breeds of animals; Exploitation of the livestock etc. I. The Kingdom of Prussia. I. Delivery to the province of Brandenburg. 4th improved edition, LXX + 321 p., + 4 p., Nicolaische Verlags-Buchhandlung, Berlin, 1903, p. 242/43.
  16. ↑ Reinhold Reichert, Royal Authorities and Chamber of Agriculture for the Province of Brandenburg (Ed.): Handbook of real estate in the German Empire. Brandenburg Province. 5th completely revised edition. I-LXXXVI (1-86), 376 p., + 24 p. (Location register), Nicolaische Verlags-Buchhandlung R. Stricker, Berlin, 1910 (p. 32/3)
  17. ^ Ernst Seyfert (ed.): Goods address book for the province of Brandenburg. List of all manors, estates and larger farms in the province with details of the property properties, the net income from property tax, the total area and area of ​​the individual crops, livestock, all industrial facilities and telephone connections, details of the property, tenants and administrators of the Post, telegraph and railway stations and their distance from the estate, the Protestant and Catholic parishes, the registry office districts, the city and administrative districts, the higher regional, regional and local courts, an alphabetical register of places and persons, the manual of the royal authorities as well a map of the province of Brandenburg at a scale of 1: 1,000,000. XLV, 433 S., Reichenbach'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Leipzig, 1914.
  18. ↑ Friends of the Historical Museum of the Knights' Estates in Jerichower Land Schloß Parchen e. V .: A brief overview of the von Byern family's former manors
  19. ↑ Adolph Friedrich Johann Riedel : Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis Collection of documents, chronicles and other sources for the history of the Mark Brandenburg and its rulers. A. First main part or collection of documents for local and special regional history, Volume 4. 520 S., Berlin, Reimer 1844 Online at Google Books (p. 493)
  20. ↑ Friedrich Wilhelm August Bratring: Statistical-topographical description of the entire Mark Brandenburg: for statisticians, businessmen, especially for cameramen Vol. 2 Containing the Mittelmark and Uckermark. VIII + 583 S., Berlin, Maurer, 1805 Online at Google Books (p. 48)
  21. ↑ Enders, Historisches Ortslexikon, Ruppin, pp. 27–29.
  22. ↑ Contribution to the statistics of the State Office for Data Processing and Statistics. Historical community directory of the State of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005 October 19, district of Ostprignitz-Ruppin PDF
  23. ^ Johann Ernst Fabri: Improvements and supplements in respect of the Graffschaft Ruppin. On the Büsching topography of the Mark Brandenburg. Magazine for Geography, Political Studies and History, 3: 271-311, Nuremberg, Raspesche Buchhandlung, 1797 Online at Google Books , p. 298.
  24. ↑ Official Journal of the Royal Government of Potsdam and the City of Berlin, year 1874, supplement to the 24th issue, June 12, 1874, p. 6 Online at Google Books (p. 6, 10th district Barsikow)
  25. ↑ a b Main statutes of the municipality of Wusterhausen / Dosse from February 10, 2009 PDF
  26. ^ Prignitz parish church district
  27. ↑ Ordinance on the “Bückwitzer See and Rohrlacker Graben” nature reserve of September 25, 2001
  28. ^ Protected area profile of NABU: Bückwitzer See and Rohrlacker Graben Ruppiner Land PDF
  29. ↑ List of monuments of the state of Brandenburg: Landkreis Ostprignitz-Ruppin (PDF) Brandenburg State Office for Monument Preservation and State Archaeological Museum

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