Nackel

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Nackel
Municipality Wusterhausen / Dosse
Coat of arms from Nackel
Coordinates: 52 ° 49 ′ 28 ″  N , 12 ° 34 ′ 30 ″  E
Height : 34 m
Area : 37 km²
Residents : 277  (Dec. 31, 2012)
Population density : 7 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : July 1, 2001
Postal code : 16845
Area code : 033978
Nackel coat of arms on the war memorial

Nackel is since 1 July 2001, a district in the course of municipal reform of the State of Brandenburg municipality incurred Wusterhausen / Dosse in Ostprignitz-Ruppin on the edge of Rhinluch . Until 1952 the place belonged to the Brandenburg district of Ruppin , from 1952 to 1993 to the district of Kyritz in the district of Potsdam , since 1993 to the district of Ostprignitz-Ruppin .

Place name

Nackel, which is interpreted as a “damp place” and “island in the swamp”, is an indication of its location on the Rhinluch and a comparable, environment-related name interpretation as in its neighboring municipality Zootzen . In the 19th century the spelling nakel dominated .

topography

Nackel lies at a height of 45 m above sea level. NHN . It covers an area of ​​37 km² and with 320 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2005) has a population density of 8.65 inhabitants / km². It lies northeast of the federal highway 5 between Friesack and Segeletz.

Neighboring places

Infrastructure

Nackel is part of the public transport by bus number 713 Kyritz and Wusterhausen / Dosse and the bus number 759 with the county town of Neuruppin connected the ORP GmbH.

history

Village

There are first signs of settlement around Nackel and the Rhinluch from around 12,000 years ago. During excavations and archaeological investigations, the first attempts to settle on the “Fuchsbergen” in the Luch were able to be demonstrated using pottery shards with cord and ribbon ceramics from the time of the hunters and gatherers.

At the border to the Wutzetz forest near the former Nackeler Schützenplatz, further indications of early attempts at settlement in the area of ​​the Rhinluch were found: a " bronze village " from around 2000 BC. Chr.

With the migration of peoples in the 5th century, the Slavs (Lintzien, Haveller) came to the Rhinluch and Havelland and settled in round villages on the edge of the glacial valley . The Zootzen in the south with its jungle-like forests and its swampy landscape offered natural protection from enemies. The sandy north, east and west had to be protected against possible enemies by a wall . The clear round village structure is still recognizable today in the neighboring village of Läsikow. Nackel also has the structure and layout of a Slavic round village, but only archaeological investigations in 2001 revealed evidence of a Middle Slavic settlement near the church.

Nackel himself is first mentioned as "Nakel" in 1319, later also written "Nakell" and was also mentioned in Riedel's Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis of 1844 (Volume 4) and 1847 (Volume 7).

Christianization began with the Ascanians in the 13th century and after the subjugation of the Slavic tribes, German settlers followed. A well-fortified chapel was built as a sign of Christianity, later today's church.

The village slowly developed from a round village to an anger village and later took on the current structure of a street village by expanding to the north. The village was divided into 38 hooves . The settlers were the able to pay to free farmers with hunting and fishing rights and had their church tithe to Wusterhausen.

Around 1490 Nackel was part of the Ruppin rule, which was essentially imperial, under the rule of the Counts of Lindow-Ruppin .

There were three mansions that were taxable to the monastery of Lindow since the 14th century. From 1544 to 1555 the place was owned by the von Pfuel family . Around 1784 a knight's seat in Nackel the Zietens belonged to a second of the von der Hagen family . Approx. In 1760 the von der Hagen family became the largest landowners in Nackel, partly through marriage and partly through purchase. They shaped the village until 1935 and lived in Nackel until 1945.

The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) brought much suffering and misery to Nackel like the rest of the Mark Brandenburg. The Swedish mercenaries devastated farms and fields. Houses were burned down and people tortured to death and those who survived this were killed by the plague. In 1640, for example, the Gottberg pastor Collasius mentioned in the Gottberg church book that Nackel was burned.

The Great Elector Friedrich Wilhelm I (1620–1688) brought about 15,000 Protestants from France - known as Huguenots - through the Potsdam Edict of November 8, 1685 and Dutch settlers (Flemish) into the country. They settled the country, which was badly devastated by the Thirty Years War , as entire areas were depopulated. The settlers received 100 thalers for the desolate farms, and they brought their knowledge of profitable pasture farming with dairy farms with them. This increased settlement led to an expansion of Nackel, and new courtyards in the Franconian architectural style were built .

After the separation around 1830 and due to the October edict of October 9, 1807 and the regulatory law of September 1811, the farmers could buy themselves “freely”. Transfer payments in cash and the compensation for the omitted taxes as well as manual and companion services were regulated by the edict of 1821. The farmers were able to acquire their own land, which was fairly divided according to the quality of the soil (meadows and arable land). They no longer needed to serve the knighthood. The Declaration on the Regulation Edict of 1816, created at the request of the nobility, again restricted the number of peasants who were free to buy.

Prosperity and progress moved into Nackel, agriculture (wheat cultivation and animal husbandry) flourished and in 1860 Nackel received his first school. After the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871), the village's prosperity increased again, as demonstrated by the construction of many new houses from 1890 onwards.

Manor in Nackel

As a sign of prosperity, the landlord Alexander von der Hagen had the old manor house torn down, and in 1906/7 the Berlin architects Bielenberg & Moser built the current palace.

On May 20, 1912, Hereditary Prince Georg Wilhelm of Braunschweig and Lüneburg was killed in a car accident near Nackel . He was the brother of the later son-in-law of the last German Emperor Wilhelm II. He was on the way to the funeral service of the Danish King Frederik VIII and wanted to stop off in Schwerin beforehand. Due to the incident, Ernst August (Braunschweig) and Princess Viktoria Luise met.

With the completion, the palace now corresponded to the stately ideas of the wife of Mr. Alexander von der Hagen, Katharina Freiin von dem Knesebeck-Milendonck . Von der Hagen died in 1922 as a result of war injuries. When his horse fell in the Luch in 1926, his only son Hellmuth died (next to his daughters Waltraudt, Fides and Erika Alexandra). A memorial donated by "The Riders of the County of Ruppin" in the approx. 4.7 hectare castle park with a pond still reminds of this today. The old noble family of the von der Hagen in Nackel expires with the death of Hellmuth von der Hagen. The family had to file for bankruptcy in 1935 ; the lands in Nackel were foreclosed on March 28, 1935 and acquired by the “Siedlungsgesellschaft Eigen Scholle” from Frankfurt / Oder, parceled out in 22 settler sites and given to farmers from Hesse , Posen and Thuringia . The new houses of the settlers were built on Segeletzer Strasse, also known as the "Siedlerberg". The merger of the manor and community took place in 1928. The manor house and park proved to be unsaleable and remained in family ownership.

The heyday of crafts and trades ended with the onset of World War II. After the Second World War (1939–1945), Nackel was a place of refuge like many other Brandenburg villages for refugees from the Sudetenland , East Prussia , Pomerania and other areas on the other side of the Oder. The population rose in 1945 to 1047 inhabitants compared to 520 in 1939. Some stayed, many moved further west.

The land reform of 1946 (39.68 hectares of land was divided among 14 new farmers) was followed by the establishment of the “Agricultural Production Cooperatives” (LPG) in Nackel in 1953, and the era of socialism changed the structure of agriculture.

Due to the bankruptcy of the von Hagen family, the castle was subject to a wide variety of uses. During the Nazi era it was used for female Reich labor service ; it was followed by the Russians after the war, then it was used as a children's home until 1951. From 1951 the castle was used as a school, which was finally closed in 1997. During the time it was used as a school, the castle received an extension. After the school closed, the castle was used as an artist's house from 1999; however, it has had a new owner since 2005, whose usage concept is not yet known.

church

Church in Nackel

Nackel is mentioned as a parish village as early as 1319 . In the course of the introduction of the Reformation in the Mark Brandenburg (1535–1539), Nackel and the daughter churches Läsikow and Wutzetz became the mother church in the parish of Wusterhausen / Dosse. The Nackel pastor list shows 15 names for the period from 1540 to 1935. After 1935, the church in Nackel was administered from outside the town - from 1935 to 1950 by Segeletz, from 1950 to 1965 by Rohrlack and since 1965 again by Segeletz. The abolition of the pastorate in 1975 finally sealed the end of Nackel as a parish village, since then Nackel as an independent parish and its daughter church Läsikow belong to the parish of Segeletz / Kyritz-Wusterhausen and the daughter church of Wutzetz to the parish of Friesack / parish of Nauen-Rathenow . The old parsonage has been left to decay, apart from the parish room, since the parsonage ceased to exist. Rittmeister a. D. von Quast auf Vichel was the last patron saint of the Nackeler Church until 1945 , who, as a virtuous knight, protected the Nackeler Church from secular attacks. The number of parishioners in the independent parish of Nackel was on July 1, 2004: 200 members and thus approx. 65% of the villagers.

The core of the church as a late Gothic field stone building with a polygonal finish - the choir base consists of thick, irregular masonry - was built in the 13th-14th centuries. Built in the 18th century during the Ascanian times . Premonstratensian canons are said to have built the first chapel in the form of a fortified chapel with loopholes and firecrackers as a sign of Christianity in the 13th century. The two medieval bells of the church give evidence of the age of the Nackeler Church, they are among the oldest bells in the north-west of Brandenburg. The time of their manufacture can only be estimated, as neither has a year. The production of the larger bell is estimated at around 1300 and the production of the second smaller bell at around 1375. In addition to one of the most popular bell prayers in the Middle Ages, o rex glorie veni cum pace ... nine pilgrim signs were found on the small bell as a separator between the words of the inscription. The pilgrimage signs from various unknown places of pilgrimage are not the only representations, there are several depictions of the Madonna (standing, enthroned, the fragment of a halo Madonna ), a knight with a lance, a standing holy bishop with a crossed staff, a rider on a horse and two others indistinct figures.

War memorial in front of the church with the village coat of arms

Today's mixed construction made of Brandenburg field stones and bricks with half-timbered elements is a clear sign of destruction and reconstruction. The Thirty Years' War did not stop at the Nackeler Church either, after its destruction the church was rebuilt between 1685 and 1691. A document from Pastor Martini from 1691 reports on the difficult construction of the church, which was found in 1924 when the church tower was taken down. Pastor Martini reported on the restoration of the church in the years 1685 to 1691 "under heavy load", as well as the general world situation, over Brandenburg under its regent Friedrich III. Elector of Brandenburg better known as King Friedrich I in Prussia and about the “excellent victory” against the Turks - won by the elector's auxiliary troops on the Seddin battlefield near Belgrade . The small neo-Gothic brick porch was attached to the north wall around 1881. The boarded tower tower made of half-timbering and the west yoke probably date from the 18th century. The mansion's box, which is open to the ship in two semicircular arches, dates from the same time. Inside the church there is a marble plaque for Emil von der Hagen (* 1840) and his wife Caroline, nee. von Schenkendorf (* 1854), as well as a horseshoe gallery with organ built by Tobias and Friedrich Turley from Treuenbrietzen in 1828 , a baptismal stand (Berlin iron art cast around 1820) and since 1996 a small two-organ made by E. F. Walcker GmbH & Co., built around 1965 , in the chancel.

A memorial in front of the church commemorates the nackers who fell in the war since 1864.

Population development

  • 1875 - 693 inhabitants
  • 1910 - 577 inhabitants
  • 1933 - 499 inhabitants
  • 1939 - 520 inhabitants
  • 1945 - 1047 inhabitants
  • 1946 - 803 inhabitants
  • 1964 - 653 inhabitants
  • 1989 - 496 inhabitants
  • 1991 - 484 inhabitants
  • 1998 - 415 inhabitants ( and almost as many dogs )
  • 2001 - 396 inhabitants
  • 2003 - 307 inhabitants
  • 2005 - 320 inhabitants

Source : State Office for Data Processing and Statistics (LDS) - Contribution to the statistics - Historical municipality directory of the State of Brandenburg from 1875 to 2005 - Ostprignitz-Ruppin district from December 2006

politics

Since the municipal election on September 28, 2008, the honorary mayor has been: Albrecht Gottschalk.

Attractions

  • Palace - built in 1906 as a manor house in the reformational pre-modern style by the Berlin architects Bielenberg & Moser
  • Church - mixed construction of Brandenburg field stones and bricks with half-timbered elements
  • “The Court” - a triangular piece of land that was never till now; a place of Brandenburg judicial history between the villages of Nackel and Rohrlack. It is the old court in Nackel where death sentences were carried out until around 1747. In this eerie and cruel place is the grave of a child murderer who was beheaded by the Neuruppin executioner in 1740 because she had killed her illegitimate newborn.

Web links

Commons : Nackel  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Official Journal for Brandenburg , number 25, volume 12 (PDF) June 20, 2001, p. 438
  2. ↑ See, inter alia, FWA Bratring: Statistical-topographical description of the entire Mark Brandenburg. For statisticians, businessmen, especially cameraists, vol. 1; Berlin: Friedrich Maurer 1804, p. 44.
  3. ^ Leopold von Ledebur: Adelslexicon of the Prussian monarchy . Rauh, 1856, p. 196.
  4. ^ Name of the association of the noble equestrians of the County of Ruppin
  5. ↑ Nackel now even has a bank robber . In: Berliner Zeitung , February 3, 1998