Brenner station
| Brenner / Brennero | |
|---|---|
 Reception building
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| Data | |
| Operating point type | Intermediate station |
| IBNR | 8300092 (IT) and 311267 (AT) |
| opening | 1867 |
| Architectural data | |
| architect | Wilhelm von Flattich / Angiolo Mazzoni |
| location | |
| Place / district | Brenner Pass |
| province | Autonomous Province of Bolzano |
| region | Trentino-South Tyrol |
| Country | Italy |
| Coordinates | 47 ° 0 '9 " N , 11 ° 30' 18" E |
| Railway lines | |
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| List of train stations in Italy | |
The Brenner train station ( Italian Stazione di Brennero ) is located on the Brenner Railway . It is the border station between North and South Tyrol and between Austria and Italy .
location
The train station is at the top of the Brenner Pass ( 1370 m ). This narrow, highest section of the Wipptal offers little space for the small pass village between steep mountain slopes and is largely used by transport infrastructure such as the train station, the A22 / A 13 and the SS 12 / B 182 . Almost all of the station is located on the territory of the South Tyrolean community of Brenner or on Italian territory, which here also extends to areas north of the watershed . Only smaller parts in the northern area of the train station belong to the Tyrolean municipality of Gries or the Austrian national territory.
history
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The Brenner station, designed by Wilhelm von Flattich , went into operation in 1867 along with the entire section of the Brenner Railway between Innsbruck and Bozen . A bronze bust on the station grounds commemorates the planning engineer for the project, Carl von Etzel . The originally relatively insignificant station was expanded in 1888 due to the high number of passengers on the new route.
The annexation of South Tyrol by Italy as a result of the First World War fundamentally changed the situation, as the new state border now ran over the Brenner. From now on, the Innsbruck – Brenner and Verona – Brenner sections were looked after by two different administrations, which were also hostile towards each other. Ferrovie dello Stato carried out the first expansion measures in the 1920s , although various functions of the border station had to be transferred to the Innsbruck and Franzensfeste stations due to the limited space available . In 1928 the Austrian section of the Brenner Railway was electrified with single-phase alternating current (15 kV 16⅔ Hz) , and in 1929 the Italian section with three-phase current (3.6 kV 16⅔ Hz). However, it was not until 1934 that the Austrian Federal Railways were allowed to move their lines from the Brennersee station to the Brenner station on Italian territory; Until then, the Austrian side had to use steam locomotives for the last few meters to the top of the pass.
In 1930 a completely new building of the reception building was inaugurated. The executing architect was Angiolo Mazzoni , who, in accordance with the fascist ideology, had been entrusted with the design of a system that was to have “a typical Italian design”. As early as 1933, Mazzoni was given the task of expanding the station again. The resulting island platform between two through tracks enabled the entry of Austrian trains with alternating current and offered space for the customs station and other facilities in a new building . The inauguration of the extension took place in 1937.
On March 18 and October 4, 1940 and June 2, 1941, the Brenner train station came into the focus of the international public: This is where the two dictators Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini met for consultations in the context of the Second World War that they unleashed . In 1944/45 the pass was hit by heavy Allied bombing, which severely damaged the station.
The reconstruction took a few years; regular rail traffic could not be started until 1948. The reception building was renewed in a significantly changed and enlarged form, the building on the central platform received, among other things, a control tower. In 1965 the traction current system on the Italian side was converted to direct current (3 kV). Further major redesigns date back to the 1980s, when the Ferrovie dello Stato built various extensions.
At the end of the 20th century, the station's space requirement fell sharply. After the construction of the Brenner motorway , freight traffic had increasingly shifted to the road; the end of the Cold War brought military interest in the Italian northern border to a standstill; When Austria joined the EU in 1995, customs duties disappeared; Thanks to the Schengen Agreement , even border controls were dropped in 1998. Large parts of the station area are therefore fallow.
The Brenner Base Tunnel, which is currently under construction for long-distance passenger and freight traffic, will result in a further loss of importance for the station.
Buildings
Of the facility opened in 1867, only the water station and the former engine shed have been preserved. The Mazzonis reception building has lost its architectural quality due to its reconstruction after the Second World War. It is a relatively large structure made of granite and porphyry with arcades to the street and the tracks. The building between the through tracks with its cylindrical pilasters , its cladding with Lasa marble and its inlets made of pink granite also underwent a major change from its original condition. All of the buildings mentioned have been listed as historical monuments since 2004.
function
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Due to the electrification of the Brenner Railway with different traction current systems in the 1920s, the original intermediate station actually became a double terminus . The system separation point between the Italian and Austrian network has for years only by specially acquired Corridor trains the series ÖBB 1822 without change of locomotives are passed. As numerous trains on the Brenner still have to either change their locomotives or reach their terminus, the Brenner station is of great importance for both passenger and freight traffic . With the completion of the Brenner Base Tunnel , however, a large part of the current train traffic over the pass will be eliminated.
The station burner of international Euro City - distance trains approached, the Germany , Austria and Italy together. It is operated in the field of transport in a clocked sequence of regional trains of ÖBB ( train Tirol ), the Trenitalia and the SAD , the 2013 and by their multi-system drive trains also through interconnections between Innsbruck and Bolzano offers. As an important public transport hub, the SAD and ÖBB Postbuses also stop at the train station .
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| Semolina |
 Brennerbahn
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Trivia
The station was rated worst in the VCÖ railway test 2015 with 9 other stations. (See also: Most beautiful train station in Austria )
Gallery (rail traffic)
Steam locomotive FS 0-6-0T at the Brenner station (1954)
FS E 405 at the Brenner station (2007)
ÖBB series 1216 with EC towards Verona (2013)
Web links
- Entry in the monument browser on the website of the South Tyrolean Monuments Office
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Andreas Gottlieb Hempel: Brenner station. Board of Trustees for Technical Cultural Assets (tecneum.eu), accessed on November 28, 2015 .
- ^ The Brenner Pass Campaign , accessed November 29, 2015.
- ↑ VCÖ rail test 2015