Bay
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Bay ( Pimenta racemosa ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Pimenta racemosa | ||||||||||||
| ( Mill. ) JWMoore |
Bay , Bayrum tree or West Indian laurel ( Pimenta racemosa ) is a species of the myrtle family (Myrtaceae). It is native to and comes to the Caribbean islands of Anguilla , Antigua and Barbuda , Barbados , Cuba , Dominica , Grenada , Guadeloupe , Hispaniola , Martinique , Montserrat , Puerto Rico , St. Lucia , St. Vincent and the Grenadines , Trinidad and the Virgin Islands Guyana and Venezuela . For example, it is grown in Hawaii and Fiji and has grown wild there. Common English names are: Bayrum tree and West Indian bay.
description
Pimenta racemosa grows naturally as an evergreen tree and usually reaches heights of 4 to 12 meters. The constantly against arranged on the branches leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The petiole is 3 to 10 mm long. The simple, leathery leaf blade is usually 4 to 10 (1.5 to 12.5) centimeters long and 2.5 to 6 centimeters wide, obovate to lanceolate or elliptical with a blunt or pointed blade base. There are five to six pairs of relatively indistinct lateral nerves and a fine network of nerves in between. The upper side of the leaf is glossy and the underside of the leaf is light and matt.
A zymous inflorescence stands on an inflorescence stem . The white flowers are radial symmetry with a diameter of about 10 millimeters . There are five sepals . The fruits, which are black when ripe, are ovoid with a length of 7 to 12 millimeters.
use
The West Indian laurel is cut as a shrub to a maximum of 4 meters for oil production so that it can be harvested more easily. It uses the leaves, which contain essential oil that is obtained by distillation . The main component of the oil is eugenol , which can also be found in the clove ( Syzygium aromaticum ). It also contains estragole and chavicol . Bay oil was used to care for the scalp around 1900 and was considered a hair restorer. Bayblatt distillate is sold under the name Bay Rum as aftershave , eau de cologne and hair lotion .
Bay oil has a strong, spicy scent reminiscent of clove oil. The antiseptic effect has been proven, and therefore the oil is often used for colds together with eucalyptus oil for inhalations and baths. The oil is also said to have a calming effect on the neurovegetative nervous system.
The fruits are similar to those of allspice , but of poor quality and therefore less suitable as a spice .
Systematics and distribution
It was first published in 1768 under the name (Basionym) Caryophyllus racemosus Mill. By Philip Miller in The Gardeners Dictionary:… , 8th edition, number 5. This species has been placed in several genera over time. The new combination to Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) JWMoore accepted today was made in 1933 by John William Moore in Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin , Volume 102, p. 33. The specific epithet racemosa means grape.
Pimenta racemosa is native to and comes from the Caribbean islands of Anguilla , Antigua and Barbuda , Barbados , Cuba , Dominica , Grenada , Guadeloupe , Hispaniola , Martinique , Montserrat , Puerto Rico , St. Lucia , St. Vincent and the Grenadines , Trinidad and the Virgin Islands in Guyana and Venezuela . For example , it is grown in Hawaii and Fiji and has grown wild there.
There are five varieties of Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) JWMoore :
- Pimenta racemosa var. Grisea (Kiaersk.) Fosberg ( Syn. : Pimenta acris var. Grisea Kiaersk. , Amomis caryophyllata var. Grisea (Kiaersk) Kiaersk.. , Amomis grisea (Kiaersk) Britton. ): It comes from the Dominican Republic to to the Virgin Islands .
- Pimenta racemosa var. Hispaniolensis (Urb.) Landrum (Syn .: Amomis hispaniolensis Urb. , Pimenta hispaniolensis (Urb) Burret. , Amomis pauciflora Urb. , Pimenta pauciflora (Urb) Burret. , Pimenta crenulata Alain ): It is an endemic on Hispaniola.
- Pimenta racemosa var. Ozua (Urb. & Ekman) Landrum (Syn .: Amomis ozua Urb. & Ekman , Pimenta ozua (Urb. & Ekman) Burret , Amomis anisomera Urb. & Ekman , Pimenta anisomera (Urb. & Ekman) Burret ) : It is endemic to north-central Hispaniola.
- Pimenta racemosa var. Racemosa (Syn .: Myrtus caryophyllata Jacq. Nom. Illeg., Myrtus acris Sw ., Myrtus citrifolia Poir. , Myrcia acris (Sw.) DC. , Myrcia pimentoides DC. , Myrtus tabasco Willd. Ex Schltdl. & Cham. , Eugenia tabasco (Willd. Ex Schltdl. & Cham.) G.Don , Myrtus pimentoides (DC.) T.Nees , Pimenta acris (Sw.) Kostel. , Pimenta citrifolia (Poir.) Kostel. , Pimentus cotinifolia Raf ., Amomis oblongata var. occidentalis O.Berg , Amomis acris (Sw.) O.Berg , Amomis acris var. grandifolia O.Berg , Amomis acris var. obtusata O.Berg , Amomis acris var. parvifolia O.Berg , Amomis oblongata O.Berg , Amomis pimento O.Berg , Amomis pimento var. jamaicensis O.Berg , Amomis pimento var. surinamensis O.Berg , Amomis pimentoides O.Berg , Pimenta officinalis var. Tabasco (Willd. Schltdl ex. & Cham.) O .Berg , Pimenta acris var. Pimentoides (DC.) Griseb. , Pimenta pimento Griseb. , Pimenta acuminata Bello , Amomis caryophyllata Krug & Urb. , Pimenta dioica var. Tabasco (Willd. Ex Schltdl. & C ham.) Standl. , Pimenta tabasco (Willd. Ex Schltdl. & Cham.) Lundell ): It occurs on the Caribbean islands and in northern Venezuela.
- Pimenta racemosa var. Terebinthina (Burret) Landrum (Syn .: Pimenta terebinthina Burret ): It is endemic to the northeast Dominican Republic.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Pimenta racemosa in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
- ↑ a b c d data sheet at Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk = PIER.
- ↑ International trivial names in Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name = MMPND.
- ↑ VS Pragadheesh, Anju Yadav, SC Singh, Namita Gupta & CS Chanotiya: Leaf Essential Oil of Cultivated Pimenta Racemosa (Mill.) JW Moore from North India: Distribution of Phenylpropanoids and Chiral Terpenoids , In: Medicinal & Aromatic Plants , 2.1, 2013 : PDF.
- ↑ Bay cultivation on Dominica at A Rum Site . ( Memento of the original of May 21, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Last accessed on May 21, 2013.
- ↑ Pimenta racemosa at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed May 21, 2013.
- ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Pimenta racemosa. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved May 21, 2013.
