Mountain knapweed

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Mountain knapweed
Mountain knapweed (Cyanus montanus)

Mountain knapweed ( Cyanus montanus )

Systematics
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Carduoideae
Tribe : Cynareae
Genre : Cyanus
Type : Mountain knapweed
Scientific name
Cyanus montanus
( L. ) Hill

The mountain knapweed ( Cyanus montanus (L.) Hill , Syn .: Centaurea montana L. ) is a species of the genus Cyanus in the subfamily of the Carduoideae within the family of the Asteraceae .

description

Illustration during a storm
Flower head from above
Bud and blooming flower head
Infructescence and achenes

Vegetative characteristics

The mountain knapweed grows as a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 20 to 50 centimeters.

The lanceolate to oval leaves are usually with entire margins and sessile, descending on the stem. The dark green upper side of the leaves protruding short-haired and somewhat rough. Young leaves are often hairy with sparse spider webs.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from May to August. Usually there is only one flower head on the stems . The green, roof-topped and multi-row and pointed bracts are blackish-fringed on the edge. The flat flower base is bristly. There are only sweet-smelling tubular flowers , the inner, hermaphrodite flowers are reddish to purple, the sterile and enlarged marginal flowers are blue and radiant. The purple pen is plump and long.

There are achenes with short pappus formed.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24 or 40, 44.

Occurrence

The distribution area originally includes Spain , France , Italy , Belgium , Luxembourg , Germany , Austria , Switzerland , Slovenia , the Czech Republic , Poland , Slovakia and the Balkan Peninsula . It is a neophyte in Sweden, Lithuania, Latvia , European Russia and North America .

The mountain knapweed can be found in the mountains of Central and Southern Europe at altitudes of 500 to 2200 meters. It is found very rarely in northern Germany and eastern Bavaria , in the rest of Germany it is moderate to widespread. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises at the southern foot of the Widderstein in the Kleiner Walsertal up to an altitude of 2100 meters. In Austria, the mountain knapweed is often found in the upper montane to subalpine altitude range in the federal states of Upper Austria , Lower Austria , Styria , Carinthia , Salzburg , Tyrol and Vorarlberg .

The preferred locations are tall herbaceous meadows, meadows and fresh, light forests. Depending on the altitude, the mountain knapweed thrives in societies of the Caricion ferrugineae, forest riding grass (Calamagrostis arundinacea) , Tilio-Acerion, Cephalanthero-Fagenion, in those of the order Origanetalia or in the Geranio-Trisetetum.

Systematics

It was first published in 1753 under the name ( Basionym ) Centaurea montana by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , Tomus II, page 911.

Depending on the author, the mountain knapweed is assigned to the genus Cyanus or Centaurea together with the cornflower ( Centaurea cyanus ) and the felt knapweed ( Centaurea triumfettii ) .

Common names

For the mountain knapweed there are or existed, in some cases only regionally, the other German-language trivial names : Bismachütz ( St. Gallen near Obertoggenburg ), Trommaschligel (St. Gallen near Toggenburg ), Waldhühnlein and Waldkornblume.

literature

  • Xaver Finkenzeller: Alpine flowers. Munich 2003, ISBN 3-576-11482-3 .
  • Manfred A. Fischer , Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. 2nd, improved and expanded edition, Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas. 8th edition. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 .
  2. ^ Peter Sell, Gina Murrell: Flora of Great Britain and Ireland. Volume 4, Cambridge University Press, 1996, 2006, ISBN 0-521-55338-5 , p. 91.
  3. ^ A b c d Centaurea in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Accessed March 31, 2018.
  4. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 650.
  5. ↑ a b Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). In: Werner Greuter, E. von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. : Datasheet Cyanus montanus In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity .
  6. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, p. 87, archive.org .

Web links

Commons : Mountain Knapweed ( Cyanus montanus )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files