Bergenia
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Heart-leaved Bergenia ( Bergenia cordifolia ) cultivar 'Purpurea' |
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The Bergenia ( Bergenia ), also winding Wurzen called, are a genus in the family Saxifragaceae (Saxifragaceae). The Bergenia species are native to the Central and East Asian mountains.
description
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Bergenia species are evergreen to summer green, perennial herbaceous plants . They form large stands with thick, often very shallow rhizomes . The short-stalked leaves are arranged alternately in basal rosettes and are semi-upright, 10 to 40 cm long and 5 to 20 cm wide. The simple leaf blades are rounded, soft-leather, slightly fleshy and shiny with wax. The leaf margin is smooth, notched or serrated.
The flowers are in thyrses with winding part inflorescences with bracts together. The relatively large, showy flowers are hermaphroditic and five-fold. The five sepals are fused. The five petals are white to pink and red to purple. There are two circles with five stamens each. The two and a quarter-Upper permanent carpels are fused only at their base. The placentation is marginal with many ovules . There are two styluses .
There are fruit capsules formed with many seeds. The small seeds are dark brown.
Systematics and distribution
Bergenia species are widespread in Central Asia , from Afghanistan through the Himalayas to the People's Republic of China , and grow mainly in middle and higher mountain regions. Seven species are native to China, three of which are only there.
The Bergenia species were previously in the genus saxifrage ( Saxifraga , section) Saxifraga sect. Megasea classified. The genus name Bergenia was first published in 1794 by Conrad Moench in Methodus Plantas Horti Botanici et Agri Marburgensis: a staminum situ describendi , p. 664. Type species is Bergenia bifolia Moench, today a synonym for Bergenia crassifolia (L.) Fritsch. The scientific generic name Bergenia honors the German physician and botanist Karl August von Bergen .
The genus Bergenia comprises between seven and twelve species, depending on the taxonomic concept:
- Kashmir Bergenia ( Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb. ): The home is the temperate regions of the Himalayas from Kashmir to Bhutan , Assam and eastern Afghanistan .
- Herzblättrige Bergenia or Altai-Herzblatt-Bergenia ( Bergenia cordifolia (Haw.) Sternb. ): The home is Russia .
- Thick-leaf bergenia ( Bergenia crassifolia (L.) Fritsch ): It is native to Xinjiang , northern Korea , northern Mongolia and Russia .
- Bergenia emeiensis C.Y.Wu ex JTPan : Their varieties occur only in central and western Sichuan at altitudes between 1600 and 4200 meters.
- Bergenia pacumbis (D.Don) CYWu & JTPan : Their homeland is southern Xizang , western Yunnan , Afghanistan , Bhutan , northeast India , Kashmir , Nepal , Pakistan and Sikkim .
- Purple Bergenia ( Bergenia purpurascens (Hook f. & Thomson) Engl. ): Their home is southwest Sichuan, eastern and southern Xizang, northern Yunnan, northern Bhutan, northeast India, northern Myanmar , Nepal and Sikkim.
- Bergenia scopulosa TPWang: It is endemic at altitudes between 2500 and 3600 meters only in Qin Ling in southern Shaanxi .
- Himalayan bergenia ( Bergenia stracheyi (Hook f. & Thomson) Engl. ): Their home is southwestern Xizang, eastern Afghanistan, northern India, Kashmir, Nepal, western Pakistan and Tajikistan .
- Bergenia tianquanensis JTPan: It is endemic at altitudes between 2200 and 3300 meters only in Tianquan Xian in central Sichuan .
Bergenia cordifolia is sometimes taken as a synonym for Bergenia crassifolia .
use
Bergenia varieties are planted in parks and gardens as frost-hardy ground cover, rock garden plants or ornamental perennials. Since several species can easily be crossed with one another, hybrids are found as ornamental plants , e.g. B .:
- Bergenia ciliata × Bergenia crassifolia
- Bergenia cordifolia × Bergenia crassifolia
- Bergenia × schmidtii (Regel) Silva Tar.
- Bergenia × spathulata Nagels ex Guillaumin .
There are also numerous cultivars of some species, especially Bergenia cordifolia .
Others
- In English the Bergenien are often called pigsqueak (= pig squeak ). This curious name is derived from the sound that is made when fresh leaves are rubbed together.
- Bergenia are often plagued by black weevils. The leaves are then pitted and bulged from the edge.
Web links
literature
- Pan Jintang & Douglas E. Soltis: Bergenia . In: Flora of China . tape 8 , 2001, Description and Distribution Section ( efloras.org ).
- Shahina Ghazanfar: Saxifragaceae . In: Flora of Pakistan . Dissemination section ( efloras.org ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ by Conrad Moench: Methodus Plantas Horti Botanici et Agri Marburgensis: a staminum situ describendi. 1794, p. 664 scanned in at biodiversitylibrary.org.
- ↑ Nine Species at The Saxifrage Society . (English).
- ↑ Characteristics of the Pigsqueak Flower. In: bookrags.com. Retrieved February 12, 2010 .
- ↑ I. Kramer, N. Bassangova, JM Grunder: Preferred plants of adult vine weevils and related species in Swiss home gardens . In: Thomas Alföldi, William Lockeretz, Urs Niggli (eds.): IFOAM 2000: the world grows organic Proceedings 13th International IFOAM Scientific Conference, 28 to 31 August 2000 . Vdf Hochschulverlag, Zurich / Amsterdam 2000, ISBN 3-7281-2754-X , p. 131 .
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