Mountain Church Nimburg
The Protestant mountain church in Nimburg is south of the village on the Nimberg . It dates from 1517 and stands on the site of a chapel from the 10th century. The construction of the church was the preceptor Johann Bertonelli on behalf of the Abbot of Saint Antoine commissioned. A church is mentioned here in documents as early as 977 and 1236. The patronage of the Church was John the Baptist . The original church faced east. The new building from 1517 by the Antonites, on the other hand, faces south and was part of a monastery that was demolished in the 19th century.
The Luther oak stands by the mountain church , which was planted in 1883 for the 400th birthday of Martin Luther and declared a natural monument in 1973 . In 2004 it was struck by lightning and had to be felled in 2007 due to the damage. A new oak tree has been planted to replace it. In memory of the monastery, the primary school in Nimburg is called Antonitergrundschule.
In 2010 the parish was awarded the “ Lebensraum Kirchturm” plaque by the Naturschutzbund Deutschland for setting up the mountain church as a refuge for endangered bird species.
history
The oldest mention of a church or chapel at this point was in 977 in a forged document. It is assumed that this document was forged by Emperor Otto in the monastery, texts from the Murbach diploma of Otto II served as a template . This document describes some exchanges; Godefridus hands over nine hooves in Dagolfesheim and Heidewilare to Murbach, in return he receives a church in Niwnburch with all its affiliations and other pieces. Even if it is a forgery, one can assume that this information is taken from the written Murbach tradition. The chronological assignment cannot be dated later, as in the 12th century, when the forgery was created, a number of the places mentioned already had different spellings. The core statements that there is a church in Nimburg and that there was a relationship with Murbach are not affected.
In the mention of the year 1236 it is proven that the Archdiocese of Strasbourg was the patron saint ; the spiritual leadership lay with the diocese of Constance . Not much is known about the church itself. There is a note about the minister's salary which was £ 42 pfennigs . Since this was above the average salary of many city churches, one can assume that this church is of great importance. A document from 1320 shows that the church was under its own ban and therefore a special district in legal terms (bannus ecclesie de Nüburg). From 1316 at the latest, the village of Nimburg and the church were owned by the Counts of Freiburg as a Strasbourg fief . This emerges from a document from Bishop Johann from 1318, which also mentions the patronage of John the Baptist for the first time. This source also shows that around 1318 a major repair, perhaps also a new building, was necessary, as the church was badly damaged by a fire and by age (per incendium et vetustatem temporis). The ground floor of the tower is equipped with window niches and has a living room-like character. It is believed that it is an incluse, that is, rooms in which one or more people lived in strict religious seclusion. Such incluses were often attached to churches. Such incluses can be verified for the Nimburg mountain church from 1318, and these klosenerina in the mountain church are also mentioned in the Tennenbacher Güterbuch . The often mentioned settlement of Paulines - hermit could not be occupied from sources.
Antoine de Lyasse, the preceptor of the Freiburg Antoniterhaus, founded a monastery here in 1456. He received permission for this from Margrave Karl I , whom he asked to be allowed to build a Gotzhaus (monastery) in the court yard, since the parish church ... is located in Nümburg . In addition, the margrave gave him the church as a gift. It is not clear why this location was chosen so close to Freiburg . This was not unproblematic as the places Nimburg and Bottingen belonged to Count Konrad von Tübingen and the church to the margrave. This was only corrected when Charles I bought the villages in 1465. The change of ownership of the church was accompanied by a change of patronage, which from now on lay with the Antonites. The relationship to the church district was also burdened with problems, as can be seen in the arbitration award of the Hachberg bailiff Trutpert von Staufen. This stipulated that the income of the church goes to the Antonites, but that they have to pay for everything in and around the church, and that they have to build and equip a chapel of thirty Schuoch long and twenty Schuoch wyte near Nimburg. It has not yet been established whether this church was built.
The original appearance of the monastery is not documented. The Antonites removed the Romanesque facade of the church and built over the old foundations with a late Gothic structure. Since there were problems with the subsoil, the thrust of the slope damaged the building, it was decided in 1517 to rebuild the church, which then no longer faced east, but south. This alignment of the choir in the direction of the mountain was necessary because it was the only way to withstand the movements of the earth. The new building must have been completed in 1545, as evidenced by a grave slab from the year. The interior of the new church also complied with the monastic rules of the order. The church interior was divided by a rood screen and there was a separate entrance to the choir for the monks. Parts of the original Romanesque church were taken over and the choir room became the sacristy . The Antonites left the monastery between 1549 and 1556 before the introduction of the Reformation. The facility was then rededicated to a hospital under Margrave Karl II , as there was none in the Hachberg district and this facility was most convenient and almost in the middle of the district . It is first mentioned in 1557 as Spithals Obernimburg Guth ; interestingly, the term Closter was retained as a name. The income of the now evangelical parish remained with the hospital, but also the obligations regarding the maintenance of the church. During the Thirty Years War , the hospital and church fell back to the imperial Catholic side, which they then left to the University of Freiburg .
The interior of the church already lost its jewelry due to the Reformation , and the damage caused by the Thirty Years War was not insignificant. They have been partially repaired through minor restorations. In 1750, however, the church was largely rebuilt. The stalls were aligned towards the altar and two galleries were built in the choir to the north and south, which took away a lot of light. Therefore, regardless of the decorations, additional windows were broken into the walls and the Gothic church was given a baroque style . The church was damaged in World War II , but restoration of the severe damage did not begin until 1952. Before that, however, it was discussed for a long time whether it might not be better to tear down the church and rebuild it. In 1954 this restoration was completed and the church was rededicated on October 3, 1954. During the restoration, the tower was replaced by a slimmer taller tower with a three-part bell. In addition, the dark baroque heaviness was replaced by a bright room. The altar, which was made from the rubble of the Freiburg Ludwigskirche as a solid block, stood in a choir accessible through seven steps. This choir was separated by a low sandstone wall, which was supposed to remind of the rood screen. The walls were painted white and the old frescoes exposed again, which had been painted over with bright colors and ornaments during the Baroque era.
The last restoration took place in 2002 and changed the interior of the church again. The cause was the renovation of the heating system, the pews were replaced by not undisputed seating and the choir was rebuilt, reducing the number of steps to three, removing the sandstone wall and removing the chairs for the pastor and council of elders. The baroque baptismal font , which dates from 1672 and stands in front of the altar, was retained in its central position. The altar has been modernized and stands on twelve columns, which symbolize the 12 apostles . The four corner pillars of the old altar have been preserved and form a circle back to the old Tennenbach monastery .
Frescoes
The upper older fresco cycle shows the Passion. A recent sermon in pictures is shown in the choir and on the western wall. A representation of Bartholomew can be seen on the eastern wall . The paintings are all not exactly dated and the artists are unknown. The upper cycle of frescoes is assumed to date from the time of the Antonites, while the other images are assumed to have been painted in part after the Reformation. In current research, parallels are drawn between the frescoes in the church and the paintings on the Isenheim Altarpiece , which also stood in an Antonite monastery.
The older frescoes on the west side from south to north
The last supper
Before Pontius Pilate
The chastisement, the coronation with the crown of thorns
Mockery and the Way of the Cross
The Crucifixion, The Descent from the Cross and the Entombment
organ
The Steinmeyer organ dates from 1911. On the occasion of the restoration of the church after the Second World War, it was relocated from the southern gallery to a new gallery on the north side in 1954 after restoration. In 2014 it was repaired and cleaned by Waldkircher Orgelbau Jäger & Brommer . The Aeoline, which was sawed off in 1954, was replaced by a new Vox coelestis 8 'and the oboe 8' was expanded.
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- Coupling : II / I, II / P, I / P, II / I Suboctavcoppel, II / I Superoctavcoppel
- Playing aid : cuff, roller off, hand register off, piano pedal II
Individual evidence
- ^ Nimburg church tower is living space , Karlernst Lauffer, Badische Zeitung, August 3, 2010. Accessed on September 11, 2012.
- ↑ a b On the history of the mountain church, Evangelical church community. Nimburg-Bottingen, Medienhaus Denzlingen, 2002
- ↑ a b Exciting like a detective novel , kl, Badische Zeitung, September 17, 2008, accessed September 11, 2012
- ^ Vines, frescoes, monk chants, Martin Lautenschlöger, Evangelisches Pfarramt Nimburg, 2007
- ^ Teningen Nimburg
- ↑ Evangelical mountain church , Baden pages
- ↑ Disposition and revision of the organ at Jäger & Brommer online
swell
- On the history of the Bergkirche , Protestant parish. Nimburg-Bottingen, Medienhaus Denzlingen, 2002
- Vines, frescoes, monk chants , Martin Lautenschlager, Evangelical Parish Nimburg, 2007
- Evangelical mountain church in Nimburg , Baden pages
- Homepage of the village
- Homepage Teningen-Nimburg
Web links
Coordinates: 48 ° 5 ′ 47.1 ″ N , 7 ° 46 ′ 13.1 ″ E