Bernhard Hantzsch
Bernhard Adolph Hantzsch (born January 12, 1875 in Dresden ; † probably late May / early June 1911 in Canada on Baffin Island / Qikiqtaaluk , today Nunavut territory ) was a German teacher , ornithologist and Arctic explorer .
family
Hantzsch was the youngest son of the teacher and local researcher Adolf Hantzsch (1841-1920) and his wife Emma Jencke (1842-1889), niece of the founder of the first Dresden deaf-and-dumb institution, Johann Friedrich Jencke (1812-1893). The geographer and historian Viktor Hantzsch (1868-1910) in Dresden, the government building officer Hermann Hantzsch (1870-1945) in Leipzig and the pastor's wife Bertha Kleinert (1873-1924) in Klingenberg were his siblings.
Life
He was baptized on February 8, 1875 by Dr. Frommhold (deacon) from the Annenkirche . From 1881 to 1889 he attended the second citizen school in Dresden (today 48th elementary school, Seminarstrasse 11a). At his father's request, Bernhard Hantzsch became a teacher and graduated from the royal school teachers' seminar in Dresden-Friedrichstadt from 1889 to 1895 , after which he was an assistant teacher in Grillenburg from 1895 to 1898 and from 1898 to 1909 a teacher in Dresden-Plauen at the higher elementary school (from 1903 XV today 55th Oberschule Gottlieb Traugott Bienert , Nöthnitzer Str. 6).
Work as an ornithologist
His first scientific publication appeared in 1897. After his plans to become a teacher or missionary in Africa came to nothing and he had sufficiently explored the local bird world, he was drawn to the distance, first to the Giant Mountains and then to the Rhodope Mountains and the Danube Delta on the Balkan Peninsula, etc. a. with a visit to Paul Leverkühn .
He then traveled to Iceland from April to September 1903 and carried out a scientific systematization of the Icelandic bird world. He then described the subspecies Acanthis linaria islandica (1904) and Corvus corax islandicus (1906) for the first time. In 1906 he did research in Canada with the support of the Moravian Brethren a . a. about the bird life of the northeast of the Labrador Peninsula . He published his results from 1908.
Baffinland expedition and death
With financial and material support from the Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde , the Rudolf Virchow Foundation from Berlin , and the Saxon King Friedrich August III. from July 1909 he wanted to cross the until then little explored Baffin Island ( Baffinland ) in a westerly direction. Important goals of his expedition were the exploration of the largest inland lake, the Nettilling lake , and then the ornithological mapping of the west coast of the island. The Dutch transport ship Jantina Agatha sank in the Cumberland Sound as soon as he approached the Kekerton whaling station , which was the starting point of the expedition, and Hantzsch lost almost all of his equipment. In April 1910, with the help of some Inuit , he crossed the island and in September reached the west coast of the island on the Foxe Channel via the Koukdjuak River, the outflow of Lake Nettilling . The remaining members of the expedition suffered major problems in obtaining food, as well as a lack of materials and fuel. Probably in June 1911 Hantzsch died of trichinella as a result of eating raw polar bear meat . He was buried there under a cairn not far from the Hantzsch Bay, which was later named after him. Due to the First World War , his records and collections, which were sent back by the Inuit in Hantzsch's homeland, were not given a comprehensive scientific evaluation and only a limited publication.
Perception and honors
The originals of the Baffin Island diaries were lost in Leipzig in 1949 in the household of his brother Hermann's widow. It was not until 1977 that copies of these diaries were published in Canada . Heinz Israel from the Völkerkundemuseum Dresden was inspired to write about the researcher in the museum's newsletter in 1980/1981. The Naumann Museum Köthen honored his life's work in its 1995 sheets. In 1996 the Tharandter Wald tourist association in the health resort of Hartha honored him with a memorial plaque at the former Grillenburg school (now the village community center, Seerenteichstrasse 2) and a small exhibition in the Grillenburg hunting lodge . This exhibition was 2002-2003, u. a. supplemented by loans from the Dresden collections and museums, shown again and is now part of the permanent exhibition in the primary school in the health resort of Hartha. In 2005 a research trip for a film project took place on behalf of Alouette Verlag Oststeinbek . a. to descendants of the Inuit, with whom the researcher traveled until his death, to Baffinland. In 2011 the historical center in Stadskanaal designed an exhibition about the captain W. C. Dijkstra of the ship Jantina Agatha , which also reported about Bernhard Hantzsch as a guest on her last voyage.
The memorial stone erected on the family grave in the Alten Annenfriedhof in Dresden and the Bernhard Hantzsch Foundation founded by his father no longer exist today. A river, the Hantzsch River, and the bay in the Foxe Basin into which it flows, were named after him, as was a bird island on the southern tip of Baffin Island, which BirdLife International has designated as an Important Bird Area (CA282). In his hometown of Dresden , a street in the Plauen district has been named after him since 1932 and the 55th secondary school there, where he last taught, has a plaque in the foyer. The primary school in Kurort Hartha has had his name since 2002 and houses the only permanent exhibition on the life and work of the researcher. This was supplemented in May 2011 on the 100th anniversary of death by the posters of the exhibition from Stadskanaal and a memorial stone in front of the school. It bears the inscription that once remembered the researcher on the family grave. The exhibition had to be relocated inaccessible due to construction work in May 2018. The natural and ethnographic collections of Hantzsch are today u. a. In the depots of the Natural History Museum Berlin , the Museum Center Berlin-Dahlem , the Naumann Museum in Köthen and the Museum of Ethnology ( Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden ) or in the Museum of Animal Science and the Museum of Mineralogy and Geology ( Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden ).
Works (selection)
- Breeding birds in the area of Königswartha (Lausitz) (PDF; 681 kB). In: Journal of Ornithology . Volume 51, No. 1, 1903, pp. 52-64, doi : 10.1007 / bf02206343
- Contribution to the knowledge of the bird life of Iceland . Friedländer, Berlin 1905. (Online: Biodiversity Heritage Library, accessed May 8, 2009)
- Contribution to the knowledge of the bird life of the northeasternmost Labrador. I. General part (PDF; 1.6 MB). In: Journal für Ornithologie , Volume 56, No. 2, 1908, pp. 175-202, doi : 10.1007 / bf02120007
- Contributions to the knowledge of the northeasternmost Labrador. II. Special part. Discussion of the bird species that have become known for the area (PDF; 5.1 MB). In: Journal of Ornithology . Volume 56, No. 3, 1908, pp. 307-392, doi : 10.1007 / bf02089360
- Eskimo stone graves in northeast Labrador and the gathering of anthropological material from them . In: Treatises and reports of the Royal Zoological and Anthropological-Ethnographic Museum in Dresden . Volume 12, No. 3, 1908
- with Bruno Oetteking: A contribution to the Eskimo craniology . Teubner, Leipzig 1908
- Contributions to the knowledge of the northeasternmost Labrador . In: Communications from the Geography Association in Dresden . Issue 8 and 9, 1909, pp. 168-320
- My trip to Baffin Land in: Dresdner Anzeiger , No. 233, Volume 179, p. 5, August 13, 1909; No. 2-3 and No. 41 of the Sonntags Supplement , January 8, 1911, January 15, 1911 and October 8, 1911; No. 8 and 42 of the Sunday supplement , January 19, 1913 and October 19, 1913
- Observations on the mammals of Baffinsland . In: Meeting reports of the Society of Friends of Natural Sciences in Berlin . Year 1913, No. 2, pp. 141–160
- Ornithological diary. Recorded while traveling in Baffinland . In: Meeting reports of the Society of Friends of Nature Research in Berlin, year 1914, No. 4, pp. 129–165
- The crossing of Baffin Island to Foxe Basin (English translation by MBA Anderson). Appendix in: AE Millward Southern Baffin Island: an account of exploration, investigation and settlement during the past fifty years . FA Acland, Ottawa 1930
literature
- A. Jacobi: Bernhard Hantzsch , Journal of Ornithology, LXI. Volume, January 1913. doi : 10.1007 / BF02250440
- Rudolph Martin Anderson: The work of Bernhard Hantzsch in arctic ornithology. Read before the American Ornithologists' Union . Washington, November 16, 1927 PDF; 1 MB; accessed January 13, 2008
- James Ritchie: Bernhard Hantzsch - A Personal Note , Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh April 1928, Correspondence, p. 278 (PDF; 50 kB)
- Graham Rowley: Bernhard Hantzsch: the probable cause of his death in Baffin Island in 1911 , Cambridge University , Polar Record (1977) 18, pp. 593-596
- Leslie Neatby: My life among the Eskimos: Baffinland journeys in the years 1909 to 1911 , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, 1977 (English version of the last diary of Hantzsch's Baffinland expedition)
- Heinz Israel: Bernhard Adolf Hantzsch - a Dresden polar researcher in: small contributions 3 from the State Museum of Ethnology Dresden , Dresden 1979/80, p. 37 ff.
- Heinz Israel: Polar researcher Bernhard Hantzsch - a necessary addition in: small contributions 4 from the State Museum of Ethnology Dresden , Dresden 1981, p. 48
- Bernhard Just: Adolf Bernhard Hantzsch (1875–1911), explorer of the Arctic in: Blätter aus dem Naumann-Museum , issue 15, Köthen 1995, articles, pp. 53–66 (including catalog raisonné)
- Kenn Harper: Taissumani: April 23, 1910 - Bernhard Hantzsch's Final Journey , Nunatsiaq News, April 22, 2005
- Kenn Harper: Taissumani, June 3 - July 1 , Nunatsiaq News, June 2-30, 2011
- We have a famous name (66) - Bernhard Hantzsch (1875 - 1911)… in Education and Science Saxony, 2, 2012. Journal of the Saxony Regional Association of the Education and Science Union (GEW) in the DGB, p. 22
- Mechtild and Wolfgang Opel: The Canada Reading Book - Everything you need to know about Canada . Mana-Verlag, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-934031-23-4 , p. 453
- Wolfgang Opel: Explorations on Baffin Island in Canada. The Northern Territories. Verlag 360 °, Mettmann 2014 ISBN 978-3-944921-06-8 , p. 102 ff.
- Mechtild and Wolfgang Opel: polar bears. Hikers on thin ice . Mana-Verlag, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-95503-010-0 , p. 60 ff.
- Wolfgang Opel: Bernhard Hantzsch An Exploratory Journey to Baffin Island in Canada's Arctic Journal above & beyond, 5, 2015, pp. 25-29
- Siegfried Nicklas: "The mail ship is just coming here again ....." - Post from Bernhard Adolph Hantzsch ... , ARGE Polar Philatelie in the Association of German Philatelists , Volume 46, Issue 216, 4/2015, p. 12– 14th
Web links
- Literature by and about Bernhard Hantzsch in the catalog of the German National Library
- Literature by and about Bernhard Hantzsch in the Saxon Bibliography
- Information on Bernhard Hantzsch (with illustration) from Dresdner UniversitätsJournal Vol. 14, No. 8, March 6, 2003, p. 7, accessed January 13, 2008 (PDF file; 882 kB)
- Biography on the homepage of the primary school "Bernhard Hantzsch" Kurort Hartha
- Birds at the top - Bernhard Hantzsch and his last expedition
- Alouette Verlag film project "The Forgotten Explorer" on Hantzsch
- Bernhard Hantzsch - A Dresdner in Labrador
- Birthday in ice and snow - Bernhard Hantzsch . A tribute to the 140th birthday
- " The island of birds - Bernhard Hantzsch in Iceland "
Individual evidence
- ↑ Johann Friedrich Jencke in Stadtwiki Dresden
- ^ Homepage of the 48th primary school in Dresden
- ↑ 55. Upper School Dresden in Dresden Stadtwiki
- ^ Monthly ornithological reports . Volume 12, pp. 32-34
- ^ Monthly ornithological reports . Volume 14, pp. 130-131
- ^ Bernhard Hantzsch: Contribution to the knowledge of the bird world of the northeastern Labrador . In: Journal of Ornithology . Volume 56, 1908, pp. 175-202, 307-392
- ^ Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden, inventory 10711, Ministry of the Royal House, Loc. 42, No. 40, Vol. 30, 1911-13
- ↑ Hantzsch Grave
- ^ Hantzsch River
- ↑ Hantzsch Island on the BirdLife International website, accessed July 20, 2016 (English)
- ↑ Hantzschstraße in Stadtwiki Dresden
- ^ Homepage of the 55th secondary school in Dresden
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Hantzsch, Bernhard |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Hantzsch, Bernhard Adolph (full name) |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German teacher, ornithologist and Arctic explorer |
DATE OF BIRTH | January 12, 1875 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Dresden |
DATE OF DEATH | around June 1911 |
Place of death | Baffin Island , Canada |