Beer glass
A beer glass is a drinking vessel made of glass in various shapes, which is mainly used for serving beer . The material glass is typical and gives its name to the beer glass, and transparent food-safe plastics are also used for such drinking glasses , for example because of the increased resistance to breakage in mass use at popular festivals. The basic shapes of some beer glasses coincide with the "clay" beer mugs made of earthenware .
Many restaurants no longer follow local or regional traditions to choose the typical glass for the type of beer. On the other hand, through brand ties, the tied brewery supplies all accessories including matching glasses. The shapes related to beer types are intended to support the special taste of the beers.
Traditional lens shapes
For reasons of drinking technology - taste perception and handling - and on the other hand, because of the regional customs of certain types of beer, different beer glass shapes have traditionally been developed or preferred. There are no longer any clear borders because some types of beer and their glasses have become popular across the region:
- The shape of the Bavarian wheat beer glass is typical for wheat beer . The glass expands from the foot upwards and closes again to something towards the edge. With the further spread of this type of beer, it was used nationwide.
- The double- conically shaped Willi cup for light is the standard shape of a slightly bulbous beer glass.
- The beer mug for Light is used mostly as a pint glass (= measure) and has a handle for better handling.
- A special feature, as it is not a (beer) glass , is the Zoigl stein. It developed with the Zoigl . Due to its material, which kept freshly filled beer cool for a long time, the earthenware mug gained further popularity.
- The Bock beer glass is a handle glass in a bulbous shape.
- A lid jar has a glass or metal hinged lid attached to the handle, which is intended to prevent flying insects from visiting and contaminating the beer (where there are many flies in the air due to livestock farming).
- The black beer cup is a stemmed goblet that is used for black beer .
- The glass mug has become the norm for export beer . With its cylindrical shape and a handle, it is easy to use and handy, even if it is smaller than the Bavarian (liter) beer mug.
- The Dortmunder Stößchen is a slim, upwardly conical beer glass and a local specialty, in which export beer is served. In the original it had no filling line , the capacity is not specified and is between 0.1 and 0.18 liters. Since 2004 there has been a filling line at 0.1 l.
- The local Kölsch is served in the Kölner Stange . The Kölsch bar is a cylindrical beer glass. This usually small beer measure means that it is drunk more quickly and is refilled more often. There is always the possibility to drink beer freshly tapped.
- In neighboring Düsseldorf, the mostly cylindrical, sometimes slightly conical Altbier mug is used for the Düsseldorfer Alt .
- The beer ball for export beer is a curved glass that has a spherical content that opens upwards on a stem.
- Pils is served in the Hannover-Tönnchen, a conical glass .
- The bock beer mug is a larger version of a cylindrical glass mug with a handle.
- The Berliner Weisse requires a Berliner Weisse bowl, a hemispherical bowl with a long stem.
Other lens shapes
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Named after its inventor Willy Steinmeier, the double- coned Willy cup, which becomes slightly bulbous at the top . Since it was invented in 1954, it has been the German standard glass for common restaurant serving and domestic use. Especially in restaurants, these thin-walled glasses have the advantage that they cool down faster after the warm rinsing bath if they are suitably stable and dimensionally stable in order to absorb the fresh beer. Heavy, because thick-walled, glass (or earthen) tankards , on the other hand, have the advantage of being more resistant to breakage during operation. With a handle for better handling, the designation Henkelglas is common, other names are in accordance with the clay mugs, beer mug or beer mug.
In addition to the full-length beer mugs, the stemmed glasses are another group of glasses. These are suitable for swiveling, whereby the formation of bubbles is stimulated in order to freshen up the beer flower . The basic shape is the beer tulip with a long bowl on a relatively short stem and a flower- like shape. The beer cup , a glass for noble beers and beer Sommelier , has a wider and shorter top part on a longer stalk. The nosing glass (beer swivel) with its large, wide bowl on a short stem is particularly used for dark (i.e. malty) and other specialty beers that are shaken with their consistency. The beer cup is the short-stemmed beer glass with a long, generally conical shell and is particularly suitable for Pilsner and highly hopped beers. The beer ball has a spherical part (below) on a stem foot that opens upwards and is also suitable for pivoting. The beer flute, which is similar to the champagne glass, has a narrow, long upper bowl on a stem and is used for smaller sizes or noble beers, whereby a full glass is still offered.
The Tübinger beer mug and the derived forms form a local form . In English-speaking countries, the pint glass is used in a cylindrical or conical shape to hold a pint of beer. The boot is a tall glass vessel in the shape of a boot that is used for drinking games and as an attraction during drinking bouts. In addition to these terms, the terms Herrgöttli, Kübli and Rugeli are used separately in Switzerland . The eyes pitcher give round indentations on the glass outside of the Maßkrugs their name. It is a traditional glass shape, whereby the term "Augenkann" is common in Austria and Bavaria. In itself, this ornament occurs more on bulbous vessels. Preferably on cylindrical beer mugs (handle glasses, beer mugs) there are different shapes of longitudinal grooves, rounded or raised in different widths, which are intended to serve the stability of the vessel and give a better visual impression.
In recent times, breweries have been developing market-oriented vessel shapes with a special design as a unique selling point . The sail glass for (northern German) wheat beer from the Störtebeker brewery in Stralsund is an example of the inclusion of traditions . This sail-shaped (spinnaker-like) curved, slightly conical beer mug is advertised as the " wheat beer glass for the north". The tradition of the pirate Störtebecker is combined here with sailing . In addition to the product design, the suitability for the beverage beer had to be taken into account during development.
Different belly shapes or engravings are developed that support the independent product design (taste as shape). Another designer piece is a double-walled beer glass with an air-filled space in between, which is supposed to keep the beer cool longer. The “offline beer glass” should be in keeping with the zeitgeist and promote sales , in order to prevent (annoying) phone calls while drinking beer. It was presented in 2013 by the Brazilian advertising agency Fischer & Friends and, because of a step in the floor, it is tilted and straight with the smartphone underneath.
- Basic forms
Willibecher
Wheat beer tulip
Alt beer mug
Koelsch bar
Boot glass
Stalked beer tulip
Handle glass
Beer ball
Pestle
Beer mug
Eye jug
Pint glass
Coachman glass
Oktogones cooling glass
Special stemmed glass (Van Honsebrouck)
Belgian beer bowl
Tea glass
Stout glasses (floating)
Potsdamer Rod
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Beer measurements
The beer dimensions are of practical importance in gastronomy , in glass production and in the various dosage forms in retail, for example with multipacks or six-packs . The beer measures used in gastronomy are partly due to regionally different measurement and legal requirements. Dispensing vessels used in commercial bars are to be provided with a filling line ; the manufacturer must declare and prove conformity with the relevant guidelines, including the European Measuring Instruments Directive (MID) . The effort involved reduces the number of available dispensing vessels, which are also regionally tailored to the respective type of beer or the regional brewing industry. Typical packaging materials and bottle standards are, for example, DIN 6075-2 , DIN 6198 and DIN 6199 . In connection with the prescribed filling line, there were irritations with the EU authorities about the Bavarian clay beer mug, in which the filling level is not visible from the outside and because of the foam from above.
Depending on the area, different names for glass sizes have been obtained from traditional units of measurement. The measurements in Austria are particularly close to those in Bavaria . The Switzerland generally knows like shapes for beer glasses such as Germany . In German-speaking Switzerland there are similarities to southern Germany (Alemannic area), in western Switzerland more to France from the regionality. Swiss names sometimes differ from German dimensions in terms of size. Traditionally, there is a connection between dimensions and content in Switzerland. In restaurants there are basically lager or special beers (Helles), which are served in different glasses.
For Luxembourg there is a connection to Belgium. Belgian beer is extremely diverse and, due to the Vandervelde Act of 1919, which banned the sale of spirits in bars, tends to be more alcoholic than in Germany. In Belgium, individual glass shapes and sizes for the different types of beer are common, sometimes in bowl shape, and sometimes the related dimensions are similar to liqueur glasses and cognac glasses. In (Inner) France, wine consumption is in the foreground, corresponding to the term «chope»
| designation | Size liter |
region | annotation |
|---|---|---|---|
| cups | 0.2 | Dusseldorf | |
| cups | 0.3 | german-speaking Switzerland | Lager |
| Beer load | |||
| Beer boy | |||
| Canette | 0.5 | Western Switzerland, especially Freiburg | Specification for beer in the glass |
| chope | 0.5 | French-speaking Switzerland, France | in a glass beer mug |
| Chubel | 0.5 | German-speaking Switzerland west of Zurich | |
| Chubeli | 0.3 | german-speaking Switzerland | |
| demi | 0.25 | France | as a measure of «chope» for the glass size «half = demi chope» |
| demi | 0.5 | Belgium | from demi = half for «½-chope» |
| Double slip | 4.0 | Austria | student measure |
| Doppler | 2.0 | Bavaria and Austria | for beer in glass jugs, usually also called boots regardless of shape, mainly used as a measure for wine |
| bottle | 0.58 | Eastern Switzerland | Lager beer in half-liter or 58-cl bottles, in principle the bottle is a draft measure for beer, in northern Germany wheat is offered as a bottle, whereby the measure is usually predetermined as half a liter. |
| flute | 0.2 | Cologne and the surrounding area | |
| Flute | 0.2 | Switzerland - Canton of Valais | |
| Galopin | 0.2 | France, Geneva (Switzerland) | |
| Gambrinus | 0.4 | german-speaking Switzerland | |
| Glass | 0.3 | in Styria | for a small beer |
| grenadier | 5.0 | Austria | student measure |
| Big | 0.5 | German-speaking Switzerland and Austria | sometimes only 0.4 liters, here with two glass sizes in the bar to differentiate from the "small" |
| half | 0.5 | Bavaria, Swabia and Austria | In a beer mug or glass in some restaurants, especially in the Munich region, there is an increasing number of 0.4 liters in a beer mug or glass, reduced size, also called “Preissn-Hoibe” (half) or Nogerlweiss |
| Half | 0.5 | Northern Germany | “Halber” is offered in the north in the beer mug, sometimes also only 0.4 liters |
| Half pint | 0.227 | United States | according to the US measurement system |
| Half pint | 0.284 | Great Britain, Ireland | according to the UK measurement system, see also Ladies' Pint |
| Herrgöttli | 0.2 | german-speaking Switzerland | |
| Sleeve | 0.5 | German-speaking Switzerland, Austria | Offer of beer in bottles, especially used for half-liter cans |
| Tankard | 0.5 | german-speaking Switzerland | in a glass beer mug |
| Tankards | 0.5 | Saarland | common for pilsners |
| Tankards | 0.4 | Luxembourg | up to 2005: 0.33 l |
| Tankards | 5.0 | Austria | Beer tap mostly in the large shape of a pot |
| Kattla | 0.4 | Coburg area | |
| Little one | 0.3 | German-speaking Switzerland, Germany and Austria | originally as a third of a liter, today only 0.2 liters, the term is especially used in gastronomy to distinguish it from the "big one" |
| jug | 1.0 | german-speaking Switzerland | |
| Krügel | 0.5 | Austria | in the glass, also known as Krügerl in Eastern Austria, especially as a straight beer glass with a handle, as a measure it corresponds to the English pint. The designation applies primarily to Austria and there both as a gastronomic term and as a unit of measurement. |
| bucket | 0.5 | western German-speaking Switzerland, central Switzerland and Bern | |
| Bullet | 0.4 | Berlin | in a bulbous, almost round glass |
| Bullet | 0.33 | Dortmund | in a bulbous, almost round glass |
| Kunigunden measure | 1.125 | Kronach (Upper Franconia) | Historical unit of measurement in Kronach, which was lost in 1803 due to the standardization of weights and measures in Bavaria, but was revived in 2007 for the historical city festival. |
| Ladies' pint | 0.284 | Great Britain, Ireland | in the US as a half pint |
| Liesl | 2.0 | Austria | student measure |
| Lütten | 0.2 | Schleswig-Holstein | up to 0.33 liters |
| Measure | 1.0 | Southern Germany, Franconia, Austria and German-speaking Switzerland | in the past it was generally the serving measure of a beer mug or glass. The reference measurements differed from region to region before the changeover to "1 liter" in 1871 with the adoption of the metric system (see beer mug, history section ). |
| Mini | 0.2 | Switzerland, especially in Valais | |
| Mini | 0.3 | Luxembourg | |
| Molle | 0.5 | Berlin area | in glass, usually in the form of sticks, also on bottles |
| Nößel | 0.5 | Braunschweig | |
| patron | 0.5 | mainly in the south of Austria (Carinthia) | |
| whistle | 0.125 | Austria | The eighth-liter is also available with 0.17 liters for ½-Seidel or ⅓-Krügel, in the gastronomic offer again mostly in 0.2 liter glasses |
| pint | 0.568 | UK, Ireland, Canada (official) | connected to the UK measurement system as an Imperial Pint |
| pint | 0.473 | USA, Canada | with the UK measuring system more precise than "US liquid pint" |
| Quartl | 0.25 | Bavaria | The measure is used in a beer mug or glass |
| Rugeli | 0.3 | Basel and the surrounding area | in a bulbous glass with a handle |
| Shimmala | 0.75 | Francs | |
| cut | 0.3-0.4 | Bavaria | The cut is not actually a beer measure, but is the name for a quickly poured beer in a 0.5 liter glass. The cut is served without the foam being able to set beforehand. |
| Pint | 0.25 | Bavaria | Beer offer in the glass |
| Pint | 0.5 | Palatinate | The bottle is offered by the glass, but is preferably used for wine. |
| Seidl | 0.3 | (Eastern) Austria with the exception of parts of Styria | in western Austria often also Seitei or Seiterl |
| Seidl | 0.5 | Bavaria | The Seidl is offered by the glass. |
| Seidla | 0.5 | Francs | A Seidla is served in a stone or glass jug and is the same size as the "Halbe (Holbe)" in old Bavaria . |
| Special | 0.33 | Eastern Switzerland | The term stands for the shape as well as the size but also for the content of the bottle “special beer”. |
| Cologne rod | 0.2 | Cologne and the surrounding area | The bar is a special glass shape for Kölsch and has the named size. |
| pole | 0.3 | german-speaking Switzerland | In general it is the measure for lager beer in the glass. |
| pole | 0.3 | Cologne and Düsseldorf area | Glass shape not only for Kölsch, always as beer in the glass, often only 0.2 liters |
| Potsdamer Rod | 0.5 | Berlin / Brandenburg area | Glass shape for the bottom-fermented wheat beer type Potsdamer Stange |
| Sticks | 0.3 | Alemannic-speaking part of Germany | in the glass, often only 0.2 liters |
| stone | 1.0 | Rhineland-Palatinate | also specification for the vessel type |
| Boots | 2.0 | general | Also called Doppler as a measure. The shape of the beer boot specifies the size, more recently boots in other sizes. The shape of the glass comes from real boots, from which people drank as punishment or as a test of courage. |
| Pestle | 0.1 | Cologne and the surrounding area | here for Kölsch based on the shape of the glass |
| Pestle | 0.15 | Dortmund | The pestle is a small beer. |
| Little room | 3.6 | Braunschweig | The little room has a capacity of 3.6 liters, usually “quarter rooms” of 0.9–1 liters are served |
| Stoppers | 0.5 | Sense district | in the bottle in the canton of Friborg in Switzerland |
| yard | 1.136 | Great Britain, Ireland | Derived form for "2 Imperial Pint" |
Others
- Carafe: student unit of measure; 1.6 - 2.0 liters
- Serving measure: old; 1.069 liters
- Pitcher: jug with a capacity of 1.8 liters
literature
- Johannes Riemer : The fresh and full beer glass. In all sorts of incidents which curious minds to special driver delight / In addition to an appendix called Die Ververbte Jugend / As perceivably the same through bad upbringing / supervision and neglect / also seductive society / finally a bad end never / Presented to everyone as a warning by Michael Kautzschen. Printer: Christian Gottschick, Merseburg 1685, digitized .
- Axel Riepenhausen, Julia Brauner: All about beer. Story and recipes. Wolfgang Hölker Verlag, Münster 1977, ISBN 3-88117-024-3 .
(Beer and its history. Gambrinus - King of Beer. The Purity Law. Barley grain, barley juice, hops and malt. Types and types of beer. Beer is international. The psychological effect of beer. Interesting facts about beer. About drinking and drinking beer. Beer glasses, cups and mugs. Small ABC of beer. Cooking recipes) - Thomas Schwerdtfeger: The beer glass between practical value and fetish. In: Wolfgang Ruppert: Chiffren des Everyday. Exploring the history of industrial mass culture. Marburg 1993, pp. 105-124.
- Heinz Böer (Hrsg.): Rotation bodies : bells, eggs and beer glasses. Appelhülsen 2001 (= MUED series of publications. Gray material).
- Franz Schröther: Old Neuhauser, Nymphenburger, Gerner beer mugs and beer glasses. In: Neuhauser Werkstatt-Nachrichten , 11, 2003, pp. 34–37, ISSN 1436-5987 .
- Dietrich Mauerhoff: Pressed beer glasses from Saxon glassworks. In: Yearbook Society for the History of Brewing, 2010, pp. 175–192, ISSN 1860-8922 .
Web links
- Not all glass is the same - the right shape brings beer enjoyment
- List of beer glasses
- Since when have there been beer glasses?
- Small beer glass customer
Individual evidence
- ^ Map of Germany: Beer glasses . In: Die Zeit , No. 13/2014.
- ↑ The "pestle" now has a fill line. In: Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger , July 1, 2004.
- ↑ Kölsch Convention, Section 3, Paragraph 6.
- ^ Matt Sweetwood: Beerland. Video broadcast on Phoenix September 26, 2015, 3: 00-4: 30 pm
- ↑ Seidel or Willy: Which glass does your beer taste best from? : “The heavy glass jugs or eye jugs because of their indentations are called 'you won't get cooled down'. Fresh from the dishwasher, they are still warm. The foam immediately collapses, and a little later the beer tastes stale because the pintle stores the rinsing heat. "
- ↑ Excerpt from: The beer ballad: the cultural history of beer. Crago 2004.
- ↑ The Störtebeker sailing glass at stoertebeker.com
- ↑ Inverted beer glass Inside Out. secretshop.de
- ↑ Beer glass that stops drinkers using mobile phones launched in Brazil . In: The Telegraph , June 11, 2013.
- ↑ Offline glass . ( Memento from June 15, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Tagesschau.de, June 13, 2013.
- ↑ Nieuw beer glass houdt smartphone buiten handbereik ( Memento from May 25, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), June 27, 2013. Accessed on May 24, 2014.
- ↑ In addition to barley malt, light wheat malt is used. The cold brewing method does not produce as floral flavors as with wheat beer, it remains more of a Pilsner beer in character, but with a particularly rounded note. Due to the higher bung pressure during production, this beer is a little more tangy and more foam is created. This is why tall glasses are used when serving to give the foam the necessary space to rise. These rod glasses also gave the beer its name. Brewery Potsdam
- ↑ Kunigunden measure. In: kronach.de. Retrieved August 10, 2020 .
- ↑ canlii.org
- ^ Potsdamer Stange ( Memento from January 8, 2017 in the Internet Archive )