Biographies of the shooters on Rembrandt van Rijn's painting “The Night Watch”
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| Copy of Rembrandt's Night Watch |
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| Gerrit Lundens , before 1653 |
| Oil on oak |
| 66.8 x 85.4 cm |
| Rijksmuseum Amsterdam |
The biographies of the riflemen in Rembrandt van Rijn's painting “The Night Watch” are the life pictures of the members of District II of the Amsterdam Musketeers who are known by name and were portrayed by Rembrandt van Rijn in his painting The Night Watch . The list describes the identified people in the order of their representation on the painting from left to right, regardless of the military ranks and the alphabetical order of the names.
Jan Brughman
Jan Brughman was baptized on July 6, 1614 in the Oude Kerk in Amsterdam . He was the son of the cloth merchant Jan Pietersz. Brughman (1582–1622) and his wife Marritje Adriaens Hardebol (1582 – approx. 1639). The family were among the wealthiest in the borough. The grandfather Pieter Jansz. had bought his house at Nieuwe Brugsteeg 135 from grandfather Walling Schellingwous in 1591, set up a cloth trade there and hung a green cloth in front of the house as a company logo. In the following years he became Pieter Jansz. Called Groenlaken. At the beginning of the 17th century, the alternative name Brughman, possibly derived from Brugsteeg, came into use. The father continued to call himself Jan Pietersz. Groenlaken and after taking over his father-in-law's cloth trade on Nieuwendijk 197, he hung the sign of two green sheets ( Twee Groene Lakenen ) in front of the house. He held several offices, for example in 1609, 1613, 1618 and 1619 he was inspector for weights and measures of the cloth merchants' guild and from 1620 to 1622 one of the head of the Oudezijds Huiszittenhuis on the Prinsengracht . The Huiszitten houses, which had been set up by the city administration since the beginning of the 15th century and temporarily maintained by the church, served to support those poor who were not homeless ( Huiszitter ). They were led by committees made up of several heads and provided the support of those in need with food and peat as house fire . Jan Pietersz was already from 1620 to 1621. Brughman Lieutenant in the rifle company to which his son was a member twenty years later.
Jan Brughman also became a cloth merchant and after his mother's death took over his parents' cloth trade. He married on March 3, 1637 in the Nieuwe Kerk Cecilia Boelen (1618-1650). The couple had six children, five of whom died very early, and lived at Damrak 64, behind their parents' house at Nieuwendijk 197. With the inheritance of his parents, Jan Brughman was able to buy a country house in Beverwijk in 1640 , which Brughman after the death of his wife and the Withdrawing from business since 1650 inhabited. Jan Brughman died on September 1, 1652 in Beverwijk. Catharina Brughman (1611–1677), a sister of Jan Brughman, and her husband Tieleman Roosterman (1597–1672) were portrayed in 1634 by Frans Hals . In 1989, in the third volume of their Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings, the members of the Rembrandt Research Project identified a similarity between Jan Brughman's no longer existing illustration of the Night Watch ( i.e. based on one of the copies) and the portrait of a man in a hat painted by Rembrandt in 1639 or 1640 hands tight. Since the man depicted there is around forty years old, it cannot be the much younger Jan Brughman. A cousin of Jan Brughmans was after 1625 in today's Jodenbreestraat, next to the Museum Het Rembrandthuis , the landlord of Hendrick van Uylenburgh , the art dealer and business partner of Rembrandt and the uncle of his wife Saskia van Uylenburgh .
Jacob Dircksz. de Roy
Jacob Dircksz. de Roy was born in Amsterdam on June 13, 1601. His parents were the Protestant beer importer Dirck Jacobsz. (1574–1601) and his Catholic wife Mary Thomasdr. (1579-1601). After both parents died of the plague, Jacob was raised Catholic by relatives of his mother's. He married Maria Jan Bontendr on January 18, 1626. (1602–1667), the daughter of the long-established and respected cloth merchant Jan Gerritsz. Bont (1565-1627). The couple had six children, two of whom died early, and lived at Nieuwendijk 196. Jacob Dircksz. de Roy got into the cloth trade of his father-in-law, whose father was head of the cloth makers' guild many times between 1572 and 1591. Jan Gerritsz. Bont was the founder of the Catholic poor relief, which initially worked undercover. Jacob Dircksz practiced as a devout Catholic and cloth merchant. de Roy held a number of offices. From 1628 to 1654 he was the successor of his father-in-law as governor of the Roman Catholic welfare office for the poor. In 1639, 1642, 1645, 1648, 1650, 1655 and 1656 de Roy was inspector for weights and measures. In 1640, 1643, 1646, 1647, 1649, 1654, 1657 and 1658 he was elected head of the cloth makers' guild. Jacob Dircksz. de Roy took an active part in the cultural life of Amsterdam. In 1641/42 and 1651/52 he was governor of the Schouwburg van Van Campen , the first theater building in Amsterdam on Keizersgracht 384. Its management was predominantly Catholic, de Roy worked with the painter Claes Cornelisz. Moeyaert (1591–1655) and the poet and writer Jan Vos . Jacob Dircksz. de Roy was buried on March 6, 1659 in the Nieuwe Kerk .
Sergeant Reijnier Jansz. Angels
Reijnier Jansz. Engelen was baptized on January 19, 1588 in the Nieuwe Kerk. He was the son of the cloth merchant Jan Engelsz. (1557–1621) and his wife Aeltje Reijers (* 1557). The father was appointed inspector for weights and measures six times between 1607 and 1619, and in 1615 and 1618 he became head of the cloth makers' guild. Reinier married Willemken Wijnants (1603 – after 1651) on April 27, 1624 and lived with her in a house on the Nieuwendijk. Their only daughter married a canon in Utrecht . By Reijnier Jansz. Not much is known to Engelen. Unlike his father, he did not reach a higher position in the cloth makers' guild. In 1624 he was fined for selling unauthorized cloth goods. That possibly prevented his advancement in the guild. He was promoted to Rombout Kemp, but before 1640, to sergeant in the Company of Musketmen of District II, probably because of his seniority. Not long after he was portrayed at the Night's Watch , he moved to the Londense Kaai on the Singel , which was in District III. He had to be replaced as a sergeant in the second district. Reijnier Jansz. Engelen was buried on April 24, 1651 in the Nieuwe Kerk.
Jan Pietersz. Bronckhorst
Jan Pietersz. Bronckhorst was born in Husum in 1587. On May 13, 1614, he married Aeltje Huybrechts (1575–1655), the widow of the cloth cutter and cloth maker Jan Simonsz, in the Nieuwe Kerk. Schouten. The marriage remained childless, but Aeltje Huybrechts brought children with her from her previous marriage. Their guardian was the shooter Jan Brughman after the death of their father. Jan Brughman's grandfather, Pieter Jansz. Groenlaken was Aeltje's uncle and her best man at the first marriage. Jan Pietersz too. Bronckhorst worked as a cloth cutter, cloth maker and cloth merchant. The couple lived at Nieuwezijds Voorburgwal 94. Jan Pietersz. Bronckhorst died in Maarssen after August 17, 1666. He became known because he testified in court after Rembrandt's bankruptcy that he and fifteen other shooters of District II had paid a total of 1,600 guilders for their portraits on the Night Watch .
Herman Jacobsz. Wormskerck
Herman Jacobsz. Wormskerck was born in Deventer in 1590 . On August 2, 1624 he married Judith Steenhuysen (1587–1666), the daughter of a patrician family from Alkmaar, in the Laurenskerk in Alkmaar . The couple had a son and lived at Nieuwendijk 201. Herman Jacobsz. Wormskerck was a cloth merchant and became head of the cloth makers' guild in 1628. In 1630 he became a deacon in his parish of the Reformed Church, in 1642, 1645 and 1649 he held the office of a parish elder. Wormskerck was extremely successful as a cloth merchant and handed over his cloth trade and a loan of 60,000 guilders as start-up capital to a nephew of his wife. He ran the business together with Rombout Kemp, at that time a sergeant of the rifle company and head of the cloth makers' guild. In January 1642, the privateer Wormskerck bought a house on 166 Herengracht, into which he moved with his family. He died on January 9, 1653 and was buried in the Nieuwe Kerk on January 15. The deeply religious Wormskerck left several foundations to religious institutions and a study foundation for clergy, which supported young men from good homes from Deventer or Amsterdam. Wormskerck and his wife left a fortune of more than 370,000 guilders.
Elbert Willemsz. Swedenrijck
Elbert Willemsz. Swedenrijck or Elbert Willem Louwerijszsz. was born in 1589 in the house of his grandfather Albert Ghijsbertsz. am Nieuwendijk 196 as the son of the Antwerp merchant and fishmonger Guilliam Louwerijsz. (1561–1629) and his wife Truitje Elberts (* 1564). He was baptized Catholic, but his siblings, born from 1591 onwards, were Protestants. Elbert Willemsz too. became a merchant and fishmonger. He married on April 5, 1626 in the Nieuwe Kerk Elisabeth Lenaerts (1607–1667), the couple lived on the Nieuwendijk. Elbert Willemsz. was buried in the Zuiderkerk on November 4, 1644, leaving his children with a business worth 90,000 guilders. Only after his death did he dive for the first time with the name Elbert Willemsz. Swedenrijck on record. His very wealthy son Guilliam Swedenrijck (1633–1691) built a spacious town house in 1672 in Gouden Bocht , on Herengracht 462, which still exists today as Sweedenrijk .
Jan Aertsz. van der Heede
Jan Aertsz. van der Heede was born in Driebruggen in 1610 . He was the son of Aert Hugensz., Who is proven as Balivo of Ambachtsherrlichkeit Lange Ruige Weide (with the main town Driebruggen) from 1592 to 1621 , and his wife Margaretha Amels van der Heede. The Remonstrant van der Heede came to Amsterdam in the 1630s, where some of his relatives lived as merchants and grocers. He concluded with the dealer Gijsbert Lambertsz. Schouten signed an eight-year contract for the establishment and maintenance of a joint business and household from May 1, 1635. The house at Damrak 84 belonged to the grandfather of the musketeer Jan Ockersen. After the eight years, the two partners continued their business separately, van der Heede at Damrak 71. Jan Aertsz. van der Heede married Anna van Hoorn (1619–1666) on July 19, 1643 in Rotterdam. The couple had five children, three of whom died early. Van der Heede's house was in that part of District II that became District XXI when the districts were reorganized in 1650. There he became a sergeant in the rifle company. Jan Aertsz. van der Heede was buried on May 11, 1655 in the Oude Kerk. Anna van Hoorn remarried in 1665, Arnout Hellemans Hooft (1629-1680).
Ensign Jan Cornelisz. Visscher
Jan Cornelisz. Visscher (or Jan Visscher Cornelisen) was baptized on June 22, 1610 in the Amsterdam Nieuwe Kerk. He was the son of the businessman Cornelis Jansz. Visscher (1584–1610 / 1614) and his wife Hillegont Jans (1584–1654). Jan grew up in the family home on Nieuwezijds Achterburgwal, today's Spuistraat 125a. After the very early death of his father, Jan Cornelisz grew. Visscher as an only child in the household of his grandmother Jannetje Cornelis (1554–1641) and his mother. His grandmother was related to the patrician families Bicker , Boelen and De Graeff , and Visscher may have been a protégé of Andries Bickers . Jan Cornelisz. Like his ancestors, Visscher was active as a merchant and traded with the old Hanseatic areas around the Baltic Sea. In the late summer or autumn of 1637 he became Ensign of the Riflemen of District II, as the successor to a predecessor who died after only a few months in the service. As a well-off bachelor he lived up to the demands placed on an ensign, and because of his youth, his stately appearance and as a standard bearer he became the figurehead of the company. Jan Cornelisz. Visscher was an art-loving and highly educated man with an extensive library and more than fifty paintings in his house.
Jan Cornelisz. Visscher remained a bachelor throughout his life and was buried in the Oude Kerk on July 29, 1650. The burial probably took place in a grave site of the Bicker family. Visscher's mother Hillegont Jans named Andries Bicker, his wife and their two sons as heirs in a will drawn up after the death of her son. Shortly after Jan Cornelisz. The poet Jan Vos published the following poem: Visscher's death :
The E. Heer Jan de Visscher, Vaandraager van de Burgery t'Amsterdam
Dus ziet men Visscher, die het vaandel heeft two:
Maar toen het woeste heir de Stadt aan 't Y deedt vreezen,
Heeft hy van spyt zyn vaân en leeven afgeleit.
Zoo toont de jongling zich van Bikkers bloedt te weezen:
Dien Bikker, the cyn state, dead healed of the people, is losing.
Een vrye goal doogt not dan een vry gebiedt
To the honorable Mr. Jan de Visscher, flag bearer of the citizens' marksmen of Amsterdam
This is how we see Visscher, who waved the flag:
But when the wild army threatened the city on the IJ,
he sadly gave up his flag and life.
So the youth proved to be of Bicker's blood:
When Bicker left town for the good of the people.
A free soul can only live in a free place.
The transfiguring poem does not correctly reproduce historical events. The troops of William II of Orange were to attack Amsterdam surprisingly on July 29, 1650, the day of Jan Cornelisz. Visscher's funeral. The attackers got lost in a violent thunderstorm and did not appear in front of the now heavily secured city gates until July 30th. Instead of a military conflict, there were negotiations. In the course of this, Cornelis de Graeff succeeded in persuading Andries Bicker and his brother Cornelis Bicker to withdraw from the city government and thus to save Amsterdam from siege or storming. De Graeff became regent of Amsterdam and was able to get his brother-in-law Frans Banninck Cocq to be mayor.
Claes van Cruijsbergen
Claes van Cruijsbergen was baptized on February 26, 1613 in the Nieuwe Kerk. he was the son of Frans Jacobsz. van Cruysbergen (1581-1640) Aeltje Jacobsdr. Hoyngh (1582 – after 1641). The father was a trader in Amsterdam, where he was sexton of the Nieuwe Kerk in 1609. In 1619 he was recorded as a brewer in an inn in Weesp , where he also worked as a tax and customs collector and died in 1640. Two grandfathers of Claes van Cruijsbergen were rulers of Amsterdam : Jacob Fransz. Oetgens († 1595) and Jacob Gerritsz. Hoyngh (1555-1625), who was captain of District III from 1589 to 1625. When Hoyngh was appointed mayor by Moritz von Orange in 1618 , he should actually have retired from the vigilante service, but remained in office. His grandson Claes van Cruijsbergen remained unmarried and was active as a trader and merchant in Amsterdam, he is proven with his business from 1639 to 1645 on the Damrak. In 1650 he seems to have given up his business, he lived in a rented house on Singel 62. He rose within the vigilante group and became Profos on February 5, 1651 . As such, he testified in 1659 that Rembrandt van Rijn was paid a total of 1,600 guilders for the night watch in Kloveniersdoelen by the riflemen shown. Claes van Cruijsbergen was buried on May 16, 1663 in the archery chapel of the Oude Kerk.
Captain Frans Banninck Cocq
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Frans Banninck Cocq , Army of Purmerland and Ilpendam ( Iure uxoris , since 1631) held public offices in Amsterdam from 1634 until his death in 1655, most recently as mayor. He first became an officer in the Amsterdam Musketmen in 1635 as a lieutenant in District I. Around 1639 he moved to District II as captain, and from 1646 until he was elected mayor in 1650 he was colonel in the vigilante group. From 1648 to 1654, Banninck Cocq was the governor of Handboogdoelen, the archers 'headquarters, and a member of a four-person management committee that was responsible for the administration of the archers' guild and its fixed and movable assets. In 1648 he was accepted as a knight in the French Ordre de Saint-Michel .
Jan Ockersen
Jan Ockersen was baptized on January 22, 1599 in the Oude Kerk. He was the son of the cloth merchant Ocker Jansz. (1554–1623) and his wife Heijlken Goverts (1566–1617). On December 7, 1621, he married Wijntje Cornelis Braber († 1664) from Rotterdam in the St. Bavo Church in Haarlem . The couple had ten children, three of whom died in childhood, and lived at Nieuwendijk 181. Like his father, Jan Ockersen also became a cloth merchant, and he repeatedly held important positions in the cloth makers' guild. From 1634 to 1636, 1640, 1641, 1643, 1644, 1647 and 1649 he was inspector for weights and measures and in 1638, 1639, 1644 to 1646, 1648 and 1651 head of the cloth makers' guild. From 1650 to 1652 he was a lieutenant in District XXI of the Amsterdam vigilante group. He was buried on March 19, 1652 in the Oude Kerk. The painter Jan Adriaensz. Ockers (1584–1653) was his cousin.
Jan Ockersen's family gained a certain prominence through the participation of his grandmother's sister in the devastation of the Oude Kerk during the Reformation iconoclasm . On August 23, 1566, her maid, Trijn Hendricksdr. - according to extorted confessions under the torture - in the Sebastian chapel of the church down candlesticks and curtains and helped to get the statues down from their pedestals. Meanwhile Weijn Adriaen Ockersdr., Also known as Lange Weijn († 1568), threw one of her shoes on a silver picture of the Virgin Mary. This act of throwing the shoe at the image of the Virgin Mary caused such a sensation that it was portrayed by artists as a symbol of the iconoclasm for generations later. In 1567, the Duke of Alba was sent to the Netherlands by Philip II with orders to end the unrest, restore supremacy of the Catholic Church and punish those responsible for the iconoclasm. In March 1568 Weijn Adriaen Ockersdr. arrested, interrogated under torture, sentenced to death and, like her maid, drowned in a wine barrel on June 22, 1568 on the Dam .
Jan Adriaensz. Keijser
Jan Adriaensz. Keijser was baptized on December 4, 1594 in the Oude Kerk. His parents were the stonemason Adriaen Lourensz from Ghent . (1568 – approx. 1604) and Giertje Jans Keijser (1567 – after 1631). He married on October 20, 1615 in the Oude Kerk Anna Garniers (1598–1678). The couple had at least seven children, four of whom died in childhood. From 1615 Jan Adriaensz was. Keijser worked in the wine trade, initially as an assistant to a wine merchant and later as an independent wine merchant. From 1625 to 1659 he was a member of the guild of wine merchants. In 1632 he is proven as a merchant. Jan Adriaensz. Keijser served for an indefinite period as an armorer in the rifle company of District II. In doing so, he drew personal benefit from his contacts within the rifle guild. From 1654 to 1664 he was the sommelier of the Handboogsdoelen, the rifle house of the archery guild. In this position he succeeded Catharina de Wolf, who died in December 1653, who in the painting The Heads of the Archer 's Guild shown above gives the heads the wine. The position was filled by a mayor, in this case his former captain Frans Banninck Cocq. Jan Adriaensz. Keijser was an uncle of the genre painter Gabriel Metsu , a son of his sister-in-law Jacquemijntje Garniers (1590-1651), and accompanied his nephew on April 12, 1658 as best man to his wedding to Isabella Wolff. He was buried on January 31, 1664 in the Nieuwe Kerk. His son Johannes Keijser (1629–1685) also became a wine merchant and in 1670 was able to move into his own house at 144 Herengracht .
Walich Schellingwou
Walich Schellingwou was baptized on March 21, 1613 in the Oude Kerk. He was the son of the cloth merchant Jan Theunisz. Schellingwou (1579–1657) and his wife Duijfje Walichs (1580–1624). The members of the Walich family had worked as cloth merchants on the Nieuwendijk for eighty years and between 1583 and 1627 they appointed a head of the cloth makers' guild almost every year. His father also held important positions in the cloth makers' guild for many years, for example he was inspector for weights and measures seven times from 1606 to 1625 and eleven times elected head of the guild between 1609 and 1627. He was a member of the riflemen and in 1626 became professor of his company. Walich Schellingwou took up the profession of wine merchant and married on May 1, 1641 in the Nieuwe Kerk Margarieta Backers (1618–1687). The couple had five sons, one of whom died in childhood. They first lived on Nieuwendijk 198, the house still exists today, and in 1645 they moved into two houses on Herengracht 181 and 183. Since there was not enough space there for Schellingwou's wine store, he rented himself across the street, at Herengracht 166 from his comrade Herman Jacobsz. Wormskerck basement rooms.
Walich Schellingwou was buried on July 5, 1653 in the Marienkapelle of the Oude Kerk. The inventory of his assets included a family portrait with four or five sons and two large-format portraits of Schellingwou and his wife. The paintings initially remained in the family's possession and then entered the art trade. The family picture and the portrait of Margarieta Backer are lost, the portrait of Walich Schellingwous came into the Louis-Antoine Crozat collection and with it the Hermitage in Saint Petersburg . The portrait is probably a wedding portrait from 1641. At the time it bore the forged signature of Rembrandt, the painter is unknown. The list of creditors also included the painter Bartholomeus Breenbergh , who married Walich's cousin Rebecca Schellingwouw in 1633 and whose wedding portraits of Jacob Adriaensz. Backer were painted.
Lieutenant Willem van Ruytenburgh
Willem van Ruytenburgh van Vlaardingen, Army of Vlaardingen , Vlaardingerambacht, Babberspolder, Nieuwenhoorn, Nieuwe Goote, Ouden Nieuw-Kraeyertspolder and Brielse Nieuweland (since 1627), was baptized on August 13, 1600 in Amsterdam's Oude Kerk. He was the son of Pieter Gerritsz. (1562–1627) and Aeltje Pieters (1561 – before 1626). At the time of the birth of little Willem led the family members simple bourgeois name, his father traded in Amsterdam with spices and other groceries . From 1616 to 1627 he was a member of the Commission for Orphan Care in Amsterdam. The Willems parental home was the last house on the Warmoesstraat on Dam Square in Amsterdam, a prestigious address at the time. The house was mentioned in a document as early as 1402 and was named Ruytenburch in 1538, when it belonged to Willem's great-grandfather . It was demolished in the early 20th century. In 1606 the family moved into a newly built house at Oudezijds Achterburgwal 45/47, which they in turn called Ruytenburch . Since then, Pieter Gerritsz has added. its name Ruytenburch or even van Ruytenburch to give it an elegant sound.
During a twelve-year armistice from 1609 to 1621, which interrupted the Eighty Years War , numerous landowners, many of them aristocrats from the southern provinces, parted with their property in the north. Potential buyers were the wealthy citizens of Amsterdam and other cities. This is how Pieter Gerritsz bought too. van Ruytenburch repeated estates such as in 1611 Vlaardingen and Vlaardingerambacht by Karl Graf von Arenberg , in 1615 the Ter Horst estate near Voorschoten by Lamoral I. de Ligne , and in 1620 Heemstede. Pieter Gerritsz established the army of Vlaaringen. there a representative house. In order to imitate the names of aristocrats, Willem called himself Wilhelm van Ruytenburch van Vlaaringen, just as the young daughter of Volkert Overlander , Maria Overlander, signed her certificate for the wedding to Frans Banninck Cocq as Maria Overlander van Purmerland in 1630 . But that was not enough for Wilhelm van Ruytenburgh. In 1632 he obtained confirmation from a sixty-year-old that he was descended from the noble van Ruytenburch family from Budel in the Kempen region in the Duchy of Brabant . The family had fled to Amsterdam from religious persecution, and their family crest showed three merlettes . On the basis of this false statement, van Ruytenburgh created his new family coat of arms, which showed the three merlettes, a castle, lozenges (both from a company sign of his family) and the lion from the coat of arms of Vlaardingen in four fields.
Willem van Ruytenburgh worked as a lawyer and held a number of less important offices in the Amsterdam city administration. From 1639 to 1652 he was a councilor, in 1641 a lay judge, and in 1642, 1643 and 1646 a member of the commission for marriage matters. On February 1, 1639 he joined the rifle company of District II as a lieutenant. From 1646 to 1647 he succeeded Frans Banninck Cocq as captain of the company. He was denied further advancement because he did not descend from one of the leading patrician families through his father or mother. Van Ruytenburgh married on February 17, 1626 in the Nieuwe Kerk in Amsterdam Alida Jonckheyn (1609–1678). The couple lived in the Herengracht 196-198, the Blauwe Huis and had eleven children, six of whom reached adulthood. After the death of his father, van Ruytenburgh was often on his lands to oversee the administration. From the early 1630s he also had a residence in The Hague, possibly with his brother-in-law Adriaan Pauw . After leaving the vigilante group and the Amsterdam city administration, he only lived in The Hague and Vlaardingen from 1647. He died in The Hague or Vlaardingen in 1652 .
Jan Claesz. Leijdeckers
Jan Claesz. Leijdeckers was baptized on May 20, 1597 in the Oude Kerk. He was the son of the shoemaker Claes Garbrandtsz. (1566–1602) and his wife Marie Willems († 1606). Jan Claesz. Leijdeckers had a shop and was a dealer, possibly like his brother a cloth dealer. He married on April 10, 1622 in the Nieuwe Kerk Maria Pieters van der Males (1603–1641) and had two children with her. The couple lived on Damrak 81. Details of the nature of Leijdecker's business are not known, but the family's economic situation was not good, Jan Claesz. Leijdeckers often borrowed money and was heavily in debt. Jan Claesz. Leijdeckers was buried in the Nieuwe Kerk on December 27, 1640, long before the night watch was completed . Therefore, his portrait was probably painted after a print by Jakob de Gheyn II . A few days later, his widow sold the business, including all inventory and personal belongings, to pay off her husband's debts. She herself died a few months later and the guardians of the two children assured the Orphan Welfare Commission that they would deposit the assets remaining after the debt servicing. There was no deposit of any assets.
The brothers Jan and Willem Claesz. On August 22, 1621, the Leijdeckers witnessed the baptism of their nephew Gerbrand van den Eeckhout , the son of their sister Grietje Claes Leijdeckers (1586–1631) and the goldsmith Jan Petersz. van den Eeckhout (1584-1652). Gerbrand van den Eeckhout was a student of Rembrandt, probably from around 1635 to 1640/1641. In 1655 he became a sergeant in District XXV of the Amsterdam Vigilantes.
Barent Hermansz. Bolhamer
Barent Hermansz was born in Amsterdam in 1589 as the first of three children. Bolhamer or Bernardus Bolhamer came from a Catholic family. He was the son of the carpenter Herman Cornelisz. (1558 – before 1611) and his wife Trijn Barents (1563–1626), who lived as children in neighboring houses on Nieuwezijds Voorburgwal 63 and 61. Barent Hermansz. Bolhamer worked as a grocer and lived with his sister Aeltje from 1616 to 1635 in a bought house on the Nieuwezijds Voorburgwal, then on Singel No. 155, near Jan Roodenpoortstoren. Neither a marriage nor the exercise of public office have to be proven.
Barent Hermansz. Bolhamer was buried on July 23, 1661 in the Nieuwe Kerk. After his death, according to the files, Alida Bolhamer (around 1616–1667), possibly an illegitimate daughter, inherited him. She married the butter merchant Jan Cornelisz on February 25, 1667 at the supposed age of fifty. van Kempen (1632–1691) and was buried on September 6, 1667 in the Nieuwe Kerk. It has been speculated that Alida Bolhamer was actually Barent Hermansz. Bolhamer's sister Aeltje, who was born in 1598, was the last survivor of her Catholic family who wanted to protect her fortune from infidelity with this marriage .
Sergeant Rombout Kemp
Rombout Kemp was baptized on January 4, 1597 in Amsterdam's Oude Kerk. His parents were the cloth merchant Aert Kemp (1559-1620), who was a deacon of his congregation of the Reformed Church in 1598, 1602 and 1606 , and Clara Jacobs (1571-after 1641). Rombout Kemp grew up with eight siblings and became a cloth merchant like his father. He married on August 20, 1623 in the Oude Kerk Elsje van Baersdorp (1602–1669) and lived with her in a house on Nieuwendijk 199. Elsje came from one of the leading Leiden families and was related to the Amsterdam patrician families through her mother. Nevertheless, Rombout Kemp did not reach any higher offices in the city administration. Like Ensign Visscher, he was considered a cultivated and sensitive man. In 1625 and 1631 he was elected deacon of the Reformed Church. In 1630 and 1635 he was inspector for weights and measures. In 1631, 1633, 1634, 1636, 1637, 1640 and 1641 he was head of the cloth makers' guild and from 1635 until his death one of the six regents of the Nieuwezijds Huiszittenhuis , a poor welfare organization that distributed food and peat to the needy. Rombout Kemp joined the company of Musketmen of District II before 1640 and was promoted to lieutenant in 1646 as the successor to Willem van Ruytenburgh, who was promoted to captain. His eldest son Artus Kemp (1630–1694) followed the late Jan Cornelisz in 1650. Visscher succeeded the company as ensign. Rombout Kemp was buried in the Nieuwe Kerk on October 27, 1653.
Drummer Jacob Jorisz.
By the drummer Jacob Jorisz depicted on the right edge of the painting. is little known, he was born in 1591 and died after 1646. In a statement Jacob Jorisz stated. and his colleague Josua Jacobsz. from District IX on July 30, 1646 their annual income of 40 guilders, plus a small additional income for running errands. Apparently Jacob Jorisz could. do not perform the representation on the night watch . Accordingly, it is not listed on the name tag.
Paulus Harmensz. Schoonhoven
Paulus Harmensz. Schoonhoven was born in Goes in 1595 . His father Herman died after 1623 and his mother Aeltje Symons after 1640, nothing further is known about her. Paulus Schoonhoven came to Amsterdam in 1616 to learn the stock exchange business from his uncle, the stockbroker Isaac Florianus (1572 – after 1631). He was inducted into the stockbrokers' guild in 1623 and carried on the business for over half a century. On September 10, 1623 he married in the Nieuwe Kerk Hillegont Coenen (1596–1674). The couple had ten children, at least four of whom died in childhood. The family initially lived in changing rented houses and from 1639 in their own house on Singel 97, in close proximity to the painter Claes Cornelisz. Moeyaert (Singel 95). De Moeyaert must also have been a musketeer in District II, but he was not depicted on the night watch . The eldest son Harman Schoonhoven (1626–1678) also got into the stock market in 1646. Paulus Harmensz. Schoonhoven died in Amsterdam on July 8, 1679 and was buried in the Nieuwe Kerk on July 12.
Individual evidence
- ^ A b S. AC Dudok van Heel: Frans Banninck Cocq's Troop in Rembrandt's "Night Watch": The Identification of the Guardsmen. In: The Rijksmuseum Bulletin 2009, Volume 57, No. 1, pp. 42-87, JSTOR 40383630 , here pp. 64-65.
- ^ Stichting Foundation Rembrandt Research Project (ed.): A Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings. III. 1635-1642. Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, Boston, London 1989, ISBN 978-94-010-6852-9 , Chapter A 130 Portrait of a man holding a hat , pp. 305-311 and Chapter A 146 The 'Night watch', or Officers and men of the company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq and Lieutenant Willem van Ruytenburgh , pp. 430-485.
- ^ SAC Dudok van Heel: Frans Banninck Cocq's Troop , p. 62.
- ^ SAC Dudok van Heel: Jan Vos (1610 - 1667) . In: Jaarboek Amstelodamum 1980, Volume 72, pp. 23-43, digitized .
- ^ SAC Dudok van Heel: Frans Banninck Cocq's Troop , p. 56.
- ^ SAC Dudok van Heel: Frans Banninck Cocq's Troop , p. 61.
- ↑ No. 205. Explanation of the fee paid to Rembrandt for the night watch . In: Cornelis Hofstede de Groot (ed.): The documents about Rembrandt (1575-1721) . The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff 1906, pp. 253-254, digitized .
- ↑ SAC Dudok van Heel: Frans Banninck Cocq's Troop , pp. 61-62.
- ^ Johan E. Elias: Het Fonds Wormskerck . In: Jaarboek Amstelodamum 1944, Volume 40, pp. 138-161, digitized .
- ↑ SAC Dudok van Heel: Frans Banninck Cocq's Troop , pp. 58-59.
- ^ SAC Dudok van Heel: Frans Banninck Cocq's Troop , pp. 62-63.
- ^ SAC Dudok van Heel: As Justus van Maurik dit eens had weten, zes eeuwen divorced is van Damrak no. 49, deel 3 . In: Jaarboek Amstelodamum 1989, Volume 81, pp. 63-82, digitized .
- ^ A b p. AC Dudok van Heel: Frans Banninck Cocq's Troop , pp. 53-54.
- ↑ Jan Vos: Alle de poems van den Poëet Jan Vos . Jacob Lescailje, Amsterdam 1662, p. 203, digitized .
- ↑ SAC Dudok van Heel: Frans Banninck Cocq's Troop , pp. 65-66.
- ↑ No. 206. Explanation of the fee paid to Rembrandt for the night watch . In: Cornelis Hofstede de Groot (ed.): The documents about Rembrandt (1575-1721) . The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff 1906, p. 254, digitized .
- ↑ DC Meijer: Frans Banning Cocq en zijn family album . In: Eigen Haard 1906, No. 27 of July 7, pp. 426-430, digitized and No. 28 of July 14, pp. 444-447, digitized .
- ^ SAC Dudok van Heel: Frans Banninck Cocq's Troop , pp. 46-50.
- ↑ SAC Dudok van Heel: Frans Banninck Cocq's Troop , pp. 60-61.
- ^ SAC Dudok van Heel: As Justus van Maurik dit eens had weten, zes eeuwen divorced is van Damrak no. 49, deel 1 . In: Jaarboek Amstelodamum 1987, Volume 79, pp. 35-55, digitized .
- ↑ Femke Deen: Adriaen Ockersdr., Weyn Duijf (? –1568) . In: Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland , August 27, 2019, accessed on September 21, 2019.
- ^ SAC Dudok van Heel: Frans Banninck Cocq's Troop , pp. 57-58.
- ^ A b p. AC Dudok van Heel: Frans Banninck Cocq's Troop , pp. 63-64.
- ↑ a b c S. AC Dudok van Heel: Frans Banninck Cocq's Troop , pp. 50-52.
- ^ A b S. AC Dudok van Heel: Frans Banninck Cocq's Troop , pp. 59-60.
- ^ A b S. AC Dudok van Heel: Frans Banninck Cocq's Troop , pp. 56-57.
- ↑ SAC Dudok van Heel: Frans Banninck Cocq's Troop , pp. 54-55.
- ^ SAC Dudok van Heel: Frans Banninck Cocq's Troop , p. 74.
- ↑ JH Giskes: Everyone gets an opgetrommeld . In: Amstelodamum. Maandblad voor de kennis van Amsterdam 1980, volume 67, pp. 54-61, digitized .
- ^ SAC Dudok van Heel: Frans Banninck Cocq's Troop , p. 66.