Bohuslaus Lobkowicz von Hassenstein

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Bohuslaus Lobkowicz von Hassenstein

Bohuslav Lobkowicz hate rock (also Bohuslav Hassensteinsky Freiherr von Lobkowicz , Czech Bohuslav Hasištejnský for Lobkovic , Latin Bohuslaus Hassensteinius * 1461 on Castle Hassenstein b. Kadan ; † 11. November 1510 in Preßnitz in Erzgebirge ) was provost of the Royal Collegiate on the Vyšehrad at Prague, also canon and elected bishop in Olomouc , famous humanist , poet and founder of the "Hassenstein'schen Library" as well as president of the learned society of Lutherstadt Wittenberg . Member of the old Bohemian Lobkowicz family .

origin

Bohuslaw, whose parents died shortly after his birth, was the youngest of three sons of Nikolaus II. Hassensteinsky von Lobkowicz, Baron von Lobkowicz and Hassenstein († July 22, 1462), Herr auf Hassenstein, Obrzistwj and Kaaden and his wife, the Hereditary daughter Sophie ( Offka ) Plichta von Zirotin, daughter of Jaroslaw vZ to Tauzetin and grandson of Nikolaus I von Lobkowicz, enfeoffed in 1418 and 1421 with the castle Hassenstein , Oberstlandschreiber in the Kingdom of Bohemia and first St. Wenceslas Knight, (a son of Knight Maresch von Aujest ( Mareš z Újezda ) and his wife Anna von Nechwalicz, who died before 1497, died in 1435).

Bohuslaw had the older brothers Johann Freiherr von Lobkowicz and Hassenstein (* 1450 - 8 September 1517 in Kaaden), Lord of Obrzistwj, royal Bohemian chamberlain, writer and humanist, married to Magdalena von Törring from the noble house of Törring-Gutenzell, and Nicholas III Baron von Lobkowicz and Hassenstein, died around 1501, Herr auf Eidlitz (Eydlitz, now Udlice), married to Magdalena von Minicz, remarried as a widow to Heinrich the Elder of Gera.

Live and act

At the age of fourteen, in 1475, Bohuslaw Hassensteinsky von Lobkowitz studied at the University of Bologna , later also in Ferrara, ancient history and law . Raised in the creed of the Utraquists of the Hussites , he turned to the Roman Catholic faith during his stay in Italy. After his return to Bohemia , he tried to return the Hussite Utraquists to the Roman Catholic Church, and he also wrote satires about the moral wilderness of the Bohemian nobility and people before, during and after the Hussite Wars.

In Bologna he met Peter Schott. He stayed in close contact with the later Roman Catholic canon in Strasbourg . After receiving his doctorate in law in 1481 and returning from Bologna to Hassenstein Castle in Bohemia, he and his brothers took care of the management of the family's large estates with the income from farmers and craftsmen in hereditary servitude and bondage. During this time he was the royal secretary in the Bohemian administrative service and participated in the creation of a register of the Bohemian state privileges, which was drawn up at the Karlstein Castle from documents stored there. A friendship developed with Viktorin Kornel ze Všehrd , a legal scholar of the time, which lasted until a falling out in 1494.

Since Bohuslaw Lobkowitz also had a special interest in the history of Roman and Greek antiquity, he set off from Venice in May 1490 on a 15-month journey through the Orient. Stops on this trip included a. Crete , Cyprus , Rhodes , Constantinople , Troy , Smyrna , Ephesus , Palestine , Egypt , the cataracts of the Nile , Etna and Carthage . After his return he went to the court of King Vladislav II (Bohemia and Hungary) in Buda as cabinet secretary , but returned to Hassenstein because of the resentment there and put an important and valuable collection of books and manuscripts on the castle, the “Hassenstein ´sche Bibliothek “, which he acquired with large sums of money. His applications as Bishop of Olomouc and as Bishop of Wroclaw failed because the necessary confirmations of the election were not given by the Holy See .

At Hassenstein Castle, he founded a school for his nephews and sons from a middle-class family. One of these students was Matthäus Goldhahn from Komotau , who later became rector of the University of Wittenberg as Matthäus Aurogallus and supported Martin Luther in translating the Old Testament from the Hebrew language.

Bohuslaw Lobkowitz remained unmarried. He is said to have never forgotten a childhood friend Charlotte, whom he met in Ferrara, but who found most women to be pampered and ignorant. After a long illness he died in Preßnitz in 1510 and was buried in the local family resting place Přísečnice (Preßnitz). His writings were first published by Thomas Mitis from 1563 to 1570 .

A large part of his famous library was destroyed in a city fire in Chomutov in 1525 . Smaller parts were kept in the castle of Roudnice nad Labem until 1945 , formed the basis of the library there and were expropriated as public property by the communist government of Czechoslovakia after the end of the Second World War in 1945 . This castle library was returned to the Lobkowitz by the successor state of the Czech Republic after 1990 and is located in Nelahozeves Castle (Mühlhausen an der Moldau).

Works

Poetry in particular was cultivated by Bohuslaw Lobkowicz; At this point only his ode to the Karlsbader Sprudel, written around 1500, should be mentioned . In the second letter of the fourth book to his friend Adelmann he wrote: “Ego me Germanum esse et profiteor et glorior” (I openly confess to being a German and am proud of it). The learned abbot Trithemius also reported that he was natione Germanus , a German according to his nation . He never wrote in the Czech language, which he called "barbaric", but in Latin. Jan Šimon Václav Thám published some of his poems in his work Poems in Bound Language (Básně v řeči vázané).

Text output

  • Jan Martínek, Jana Martínková (eds.): Bohuslai Hassensteinii a Lobkowicz epistulae . Leipzig 1969–1980
    • Volume 1: Epistulae de re publica scriptae , 1969
    • Volume 2: Epistulae ad familiares , 1980
  • Marta Vaculínová (Ed.): Bohuslaus Hassensteinius a Lobkowicz: Opera poetica. Saur, Munich / Leipzig 2006, ISBN 3-598-71283-9 (critical edition)

literature

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Lobkowicz von Hassenstein, Bohuslaus
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Lobkowicz von Hassenstein, Bohuslav; Lobkovic, Bohuslav Hasistejnsky z
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Humanist, statesman, legal scholar and poet
DATE OF BIRTH 1461
PLACE OF BIRTH Hassenstein Castle near Kadaň
DATE OF DEATH November 11, 1510
Place of death Hassenstein Castle near Kadaň