Brucker circle

The Bruck Circle at the end of the 18th century, with a brief description

The Brucker Kreis was an administrative unit of the Duchy of Styria in Inner Austria . It was also referred to as the eastern part of Upper Styria.

history

Styria had counted five quarters since the end of the 15th century, here the quarter within the Piberalm ( Brucker Viertel ; Judenburg / Murtal , Enns - and Mürzal , with Kammertal ).

The Brucker Kreis emerged as the Ennstal-, Mürz- and Kammertal district as part of the administrative reform under Maria Theresa from 1748. This reform, which replaced the earlier division of Styria into quarters, was initiated under Count Haugwitz and continued from 1760 under Count Kaunitz . With the district division and their offices, an administrative institution was created for the first time, which lay between the administrations of the manors and the government level. At its head was a district chief who ran the district office with officials.

With the administrative reforms after 1848, the districts only functioned as a supervisory authority. In the course of the separation of the political from the judicial administration in 1867, they were replaced by the more delicate system of political districts . The districts of Liezen , Leoben , Judenburg , Bruck an der Mur and Mürzzuschlag were created .

location

The Brucker Kreis was in the northeast of Styria and included the Mürz Valley and the areas to the north of it. In the west, the district reached into the Gesäuse (including the area of St. Gallen , Altenmarkt and Landl , but no longer Johnsbach ) and the Liesingtal . In it were Mariazell , the Erzberg , the Vordernbergertal and Leoben , from Judenburger quarters were parish of St. Michael and St. Stefan ob Leoben included. A dispute about Kraubath's membership was decided in favor of the Brucker Kreis. The seat of the district was initially Kindberg , it was moved to Bruck.

The southern border of the district was north of Frohnleiten (Gamsgraben) and on the ridge of the Fischbacher Alps . In the west the district bordered on the Judenburger Kreis, in the north on Upper and Lower Austria with the Semmering , in the south lay the Grazer Kreis . This expansion was maintained until the Brucker Kreis was dissolved in the course of the administrative reform from 1848.

In 1788 there were 72,925 inhabitants in the Bruck district.

Due to the administrative reform from 1848, the name "Brucker Kreis" was retained, but the district was significantly enlarged and entrusted with other (only administrative) tasks, while the jurisdiction was transferred to the regional and district courts. In addition to the area of its predecessor, this new Bruck district also included the area of the former Judenburg district . The district had an area of 161.1 square miles and a population of 442,013. The district court of Leoben was responsible for the new Bruck district, the name of which was only changed to "Landesgericht Leoben" on March 1, 1993 as the last reference to this regional reform.

The area of the Brucker Kreis from the 17th to the 19th century
The Bruck district in Styria 1678, forerunner of the Bruck district
The Brucker Kreis around 1760
The Brucker Kreis in the north of Styria, 1855, already with the indication of the new (three) circles and a schematic representation of the new district boundaries

literature

Joseph Baptist Schütz: General geography for thoughtful and educated readers or, description of all countries in the five parts of the world, their location, their climate, their natural products, national culture, strangest cities, most beautiful regions, most interesting works of art, ruins and monuments, then their inhabitants, their way of life , Clothing, trade, arts, sciences, religion and state constitution Volume 12. Verlag A. Doll, Vienna 1808, p. 175. Schütz, general geography in the Google book search

Georg Göth : The Duchy of Styria, represented geographically, statistically and topographically. Publisher JG Heubner Graz. 1840-1843.
Franz Carl Weidmann : The Brucker circle in the Duchy of Steyermark. Vienna 1842 In: The picturesque Austria. 2.
Josef Andreas Janisch: Topographical-statistical lexicon of Styria with historical notes and annotations. Graz. Leykam-Josefsthal 1878–85. Reprint: Graz. Publishing house for collectors 1978–79.
Fritz Posch : Prehistory and beginnings of the district authorities in Styria. Extended lecture on the occasion of the centenary of the Styrian district authorities in the knight's hall of the Styrian country house in Graz on October 11, 1968. In: Mitteilungen des Steirischen Landesarchivs, Volume 18, Graz 1968, pp. 101–117. Printed in abbreviated form in: Johannes Gründler: Festschrift “100 Years of District Governments in Austria” Self-published by the Austrian federal states (with the exception of Vienna), 1970, pp. 61–71. ( PDF )

Werner Ogris : State and legal reforms. In: Walter Koschatzky (Ed.): Maria Theresia and their time. A depiction of the period from 1740–1780 on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the empress' death. . Residenz Verlag Salzburg and Vienna, 1979, ISBN 3-7017-0236-5 , pp. 56–66.

Gernot Peter Obersteiner: District Office and District Chief in Styria after 1748. Establishment and activity of the new subordinate authorities of Maria Theresa. In: Historical research in Graz. Festschrift for the 125th anniversary of the Institute for History of the Karl-Franzens-University Graz . Edited by Herwig Ebner, Horst Haselsteiner et al. Self-published by the Institute for History at the Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Graz 1990, pp. 195–208.

Gernot Peter Obersteiner: Die Steirischen Bezirkshauptmannschaften 1868 to 1918. (with history) In: Mitteilungen des Steiermärkisches Landesarchivs 42/43 (1993), pp. 77-98. ( PDF )

Gernot Peter Obersteiner: The Theresian-Josephinian administrative reforms in front and inner Austria. An overview. In: Franz Quarthal, Gerhard Faix (ed.): The Habsburgs in the German southwest. New research on the history of Upper Austria. Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-7995-0124-X , pp. 415-424.

Individual evidence

↑ Posch, Bezirkshauptmannschaften, p. 103.
↑ Law of May 19, 1868 on the establishment of political administrative authorities in the kingdoms ... Reichs-Gesetz-Blatt für das Kaiserthum Oesterreich. Born in 1868, XVII. Piece, No. 44.
^ Walter Brunner: Maps of the Brucker and Judenburger district . In: Steiermark Edition, part of Grenzmark-Herzogtum-Bundesland, STE 01016. Archive publishing house. Vienna 1991 ff.
↑ Decree of the Ministry of the Interior of August 23, 1849, with which the organization of the political administrative authorities in the Crown Land of Styria, approved as a result of the highest resolution of August 13, 1849, is announced. With the supplement “Most submissive lecture by the most faithful minister of the interior, Alexander Bach, on the organization of the political administrative authorities in the Crown Land of Styria”. Austrian Reich Law Gazette number 373 year 1849 (supplementary volume December 1848 – October 1849), pp. 663–666 ( on the Brucker Kreis pp. 665–666 ).
↑ § 3 Paragraph 1 of Article XI Final and Transitional Provisions, In: Federal Law, with which the very highest provisions on the establishment of judicial authorities, the Public Liability Act, the Financial Criminal Law, the Criminal Compensation Act, the Data Protection Act, the Media Act, the Cartel Act, the Penal Code and the Probation Assistance Act is changed and the Lower Austrian surrounding district courts of Vienna's Lower Austrian courts are assigned. Austrian Federal Law Gazette No. 91/1993.

[1] Posch, Bezirkshauptmannschaften, p. 103.

[2] Law of May 19, 1868 on the establishment of political administrative authorities in the kingdoms ... Reichs-Gesetz-Blatt für das Kaiserthum Oesterreich. Born in 1868, XVII. Piece, No. 44.

[3] Walter Brunner: Maps of the Brucker and Judenburger district . In: Steiermark Edition, part of Grenzmark-Herzogtum-Bundesland, STE 01016. Archive publishing house. Vienna 1991 ff.

[4] Decree of the Ministry of the Interior of August 23, 1849, with which the organization of the political administrative authorities in the Crown Land of Styria, approved as a result of the highest resolution of August 13, 1849, is announced. With the supplement “Most submissive lecture by the most faithful minister of the interior, Alexander Bach, on the organization of the political administrative authorities in the Crown Land of Styria”. Austrian Reich Law Gazette number 373 year 1849 (supplementary volume December 1848 – October 1849), pp. 663–666 ( on the Brucker Kreis pp. 665–666 ).

[5] § 3 Paragraph 1 of Article XI Final and Transitional Provisions, In: Federal Law, with which the very highest provisions on the establishment of judicial authorities, the Public Liability Act, the Financial Criminal Law, the Criminal Compensation Act, the Data Protection Act, the Media Act, the Cartel Act, the Penal Code and the Probation Assistance Act is changed and the Lower Austrian surrounding district courts of Vienna's Lower Austrian courts are assigned. Austrian Federal Law Gazette No. 91/1993.